Test 1

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Alberto is a manager who tends to think he knows more than he does. He is most likely exhibiting ________. A. the overconfidence bias B. the anchoring effect C. the immediate gratification bias D. the confirmation bias E. the hindsight bias

A ________ is a series of sequential steps a manager uses to respond to a structured problem. A. procedure B. decision C. rule D. policy E. guide

Bob does not think he can complete the current project he's working on with the resources he has available. The product may also become obsolete by the time it is released due to scheduling delays. However, he presses forward because his department has already spent $100,000 and 6 months working on the project. This is an example of the ________. A. sunk costs error B. framing bias C. anchoring effect D. randomness bias E. confirmation bias

Design thinking involves approaching a problem from the perspective of a(n A. designer B. employee C. manager D. rational person E. line worker

Employees learn organizational culture through ________. A. symbols and language B. organizing and motivating C. collecting and disseminating information D. sales projections and feedback loops E. marketing and planning

Intuitive decision making involves making decisions on the basis of ________. A. experience, feelings, and accumulated judgment B. rationality within the limits of one's ability to process information C. relevant internal factors such as context, circumstances, and organizational members D. opinions, preferences, and values of those who have a stake in the decision E. an increased commitment to a previous decision despite evidence that it may have been wrong

Managers face constraints in their ability to control their organizations; one constraint is based on ________. A. the organization's culture and is called internal constraint B. the organization's culture and is called an organizational constraint C. the organization's environment and is called political constraint D. the organization's culture and is called external constraint E. the organization's environment and is called internal constraint

Most of management's attention is usually devoted to ________. A. the specific environment B. the general environment C. demographics D. the sociocultural environment E. technological issues

Structured problems are ________. A. straightforward, familiar, and easily defined B. situations that conflict with formal organizational policies C. the result of inconsistently applied rules D. unfamiliar and require a unique solution for each problem E. the result of a programmed decision

Target refers to its customers as "guests" and its employees as "team members." This is an example of how the company uses ________ to reinforce its organizational culture. A. language B. ethics C. stories D. material artifacts and symbols E. rituals

The layout of an organization's facilities, how employees dress, the kinds of automobiles provided to top executives, and office sizes are examples of which aspect of the organization's culture? A. Material artifacts and symbols B. Rituals C. Language D. Stories E. Norms

The shared social knowledge within an organization regarding the values, traditions, and principles of its employees is referred to as its ________. A. organizational culture B. organizational structure C. external environment D. vision E. mission statement

The view that managers are constrained by both the organization's culture and the organization's environment while still having some managerial discretion is ________. A. a combination of symbolic and omnipotent B. contingent C. omnipotent D. authoritarian E. symbolic

The data-driven, systematic use of the best available facts and information to improve management practice is referred to as ________. A. evidence-based management (EBMgt) B. nonlinear thinking C. bounded rationality D. intuitive decision making E. design thinking

Which of the following managers is using big data in decision making? A. A large retailer uses software to adjust prices in real time for more than 70 million items based on demand and inventory. B. The department chair at a medium-sized university reviews enrollment data for the past 3 years to determine what classes to offer during the fall semester. C. A customer service manager examines attendance data from the last 12 months. D. A supermarket analyzes customer transactions to determine how many customers used cash, how many used credit cards, and how many wrote checks. E. A sales manager analyzes changes in sales as a result of an advertisement placed in the local newspaper.

Which decision-making bias refers to a decision maker's tendency to assess how likely something is to happen or how closely it resembles other events or sets of events? A. Representation bias B. Selective perception bias C. Hindsight bias D. Availability bias E. Anchoring effect

__________ refers to the concept that many managers lack the time and the ability to process all of the alternatives to solve a problem. A. Bounded rationality B. Rational decision making C. Design thinking D. Heuristics E. Intuition

Define Satisfice

Accepts solutions that are just good enough

What are the six dimensions that capture the culture of an organization?

Adaptability, attention to detail, outcome orientation, people orientation, team orientation, and integrity

________ is the use of mathematics, statistics, predictive modeling, and other techniques to identify meaningful patterns in a data set.

Analytics

Andrew must buy a new office copier. He lists the features the copier must have, such as a built-in scanner, color copying, and an automatic document feeder, along with how much he can spend. Which step of the decision-making process does this represent? A. Selecting an alternative B. Identifying decision criteria C. Identifying the problem D. Developing alternatives E. Allocating weights to the criteria

Generally speaking, the decision most closely associated with a structured problem is referred to as a(n) ________. A. rational decision B. programmed decision C. intuitive decision D. nonprogrammed decision E. evidence-based decision

One way to identify and unite members of a culture is through ________. A. quarterly meetings B. language C. indoctrination D. difficult exams E. secret handshakes

The approach to decision making that involves soliciting input from a network of people outside of the organization is called ________. A. rational decision making B. crowdsourcing C. design thinking D. satisficing E. evidence-based management

What does it mean to be a "rational" decision maker? A. A rational decision maker makes decisions on the basis of experience, feelings, and accumulated judgment. B. A rational decision maker is fully objective and logical. C. A rational decision maker makes systematic use of the best available evidence to improve management practice. D. A rational decision maker has an increased commitment to a previous decision despite evidence that it may have been wrong. E. A rational decision maker satisfices, rather than maximizes, when making a decision.

What is the first step in the decision-making process? A. Develop alternatives B. Identify a problem C. Identify decision criteria D. Allocate weights to the decision criteria E. Analyze alternatives

When an employee examines the rational aspects of a situation as well as the emotional, and uses observation and inquiry skills, which approach to decision making is being used? A. Big data B. Design thinking C. Deep learning D. Artificial intelligence E. Machine learning

When decision makers falsely believe they would have accurately predicted the outcome of an event once the outcome is already known they are exhibiting the ________ bias. A. confirmation B. hindsight C. selective perception D. immediate gratification E. randomness

Which of the following components of the external environment includes factors such as business cycle stages, interest rates, and inflation? A. Technological B. Economic C. Sociocultural D. Political/legal E. Global

Which of the following factors would likely be considered part of the demographics component of the general environment? A. Federal, state, and local laws B. Population characteristics such as family composition, education level, and geographic location C. Interest rates, inflation, business cycle stages, and changes in disposable income D. Societal factors such as values, attitudes, trends, and lifestyles E. Scientific and/or industrial innovations

Which of these types of decision makers has a higher tolerance for ambiguity and is more intuitive in their decision making? A. Rational B. Conceptual C. Behavioral D. Directive E. Analytic

Which statement about organizational culture is most likely true? A. Weak organizational cultures closely connect values to behaviors. B. Strong cultures are associated with high organizational performance. C. Weak organizational cultures send consistent messages about what is important. D. Employees in strong organizational cultures exhibit little loyalty. E. Organizational culture rarely influences the way co-workers interact.

Zappos has a monthly ceremony in which it recognizes a member of its development content team with a "Super Awesome Description Award." This is an example of which element of organizational culture? A. Ethics B. Rituals C. Stories D. Language E. Material artifacts and symbols

A clerk at a department store cannot issue a refund for a customer unless the customer produces a store receipt. The customer informs the clerk that he never received a receipt in the first place. The clerk escalates the issue to a manager for resolution. The manager's resolution is an example of a ________. A. procedure B. structured problem C. nonprogrammed decision D. programmed decision E. policy

According to the ________ view of management, organizational performance is influenced by factors such as the economy, customers, governmental policies, competitors' actions, and industry conditions. A. authoritarian B. scientific C. symbolic D. classic E. omnipotent

At Mary Kay Cosmetics, an annual awards ceremony is held where beauty consultants are dressed glamorously and received awards for sales goal achievements.. What element of organizational culture does this represent? A. Stories B. Language C. Rituals D. Ethics E. Material artifacts and symbols

Before introducing a new product to the market, a food products company conducts market research to identify the lifestyles, patterns of behavior, and attitudes of consumers in the target market. This market research targets the ________ component of the external environment. A. political/legal B. technological C. sociocultural D. environmental E. global

Cashiers at the supermarket are allowed to adjust the price of an item up to a maximum of $5.0 without getting the manager's approval. This would best be described as a(n) ________. A. unstructured problem B. non-programmed decision C. policy D. procedure E. rule

Finding meaningful patterns in a data set of potential candidates with the use of mathematics, predictive modeling, and machine learning to identify the best hires for the organization is ________. A. rational decision making B. design thinking C. analytics D. artificial intelligence E. deep learning

No one at Zappos has private offices. Instead of cubicles, they have a free-flowing layout that they believe encourages collaboration. This is an example of how Zappos is using ________ to build organizational culture. A. ethics B. stories C. material artifacts and symbols D. rituals E. language

Of the following components, all of them might act as constraints to managers in the external environment EXCEPT for the ________ component. A. sociocultural B. demographic C. organizational culture D. technological E. political/legal

One challenge facing today's managers is dealing with ________. A. more foreign investors, who are increasingly demanding that products be produced for their own markets B. economic conditions that are increasingly concentrated on local markets C. global economic and political uncertainties D. well-understood and planned-for economic patterns E. pressure to decrease costs by decreasing distribution channels

Robert is a manager who focuses attention on what benefits he can gain right away from a decision rather than the long-term benefits and costs. He is being affected by the ________. A. sunk costs error B. framing bias C. immediate gratification bias D. selective perception bias E. anchoring effect

The gap between an existing state and a desired state is referred to as ________. A. bounded rationality B. a decision C. a problem D. uncertainty E. heuristics

The process through which employees learn about and adapt to the organization's culture is known as ________. A. indoctrination B. nationalization C. socialization D. fraternization E. transformation

When managers focus only on their most recent memories and experiences to serve as references when they make decisions, they are victims of the ________. A. sunk costs error B. self-serving bias C. availability bias D. randomness bias E. representation bias

Which of the following examines the number of components in an organization's environment and the extent of the organization's knowledge about those components? A. The economic environment B. Organizational culture C. Environmental complexity D. Environmental uncertainty E. The demographic environment

Which of the following groups would be considered to be an internal stakeholder of an organization? A. Customers B. Government C. Employees D. Community E. Suppliers

Which of the following is primarily used by firms to help employees adapt to the organizational culture? A. Performance assessment B. Job training C. Socialization D. Interoffice communication E. Codes of conduct

Which of the following most accurately describes the omnipotent view of management within the organization? A. Much of an organization's success or failure is due to external forces outside of the manager's control. B. Managers have a limited control on organizational outcomes. C. Managers are directly responsible for an organization's success or failure. D. A manager's omnipotence increases with his or her longevity with the company. E. The size and diversity of the organization have a significant effect on a manager's omnipotence.

Which of these lists includes only characteristics of a programmed decision? A. Structured, unusual, ambiguous, relatively long time frame B. Lower-level management decision, long time frame, vague, unusual C. Structured, lower-level management decision, repetitive, short time frame D. Unstructured, higher-level management decision, repetitive, short time frame E. Unstructured, vague, upper-level management decision, repetitive

You aren't looking for the "sharpest needle in the haystack"; you only want one that is sharp enough to sew with. This is an example of ________. A. design thinking B. escalation of commitment C. satisficing D. maximizing E. evidence-based management (EBMgt)

Brandi's Bakery has received its first major commercial order, and the owner needs to determine if she can fill this order on her own or if she needs to hire an employee. This is an example of ________. A. a procedure B. certainty C. an unstructured problem D. satisficing E. a programmed decision

A manager can make the most accurate decision under a situation of ________ because the outcome of every alternative is known. A. ambiguity B. probability C. risk D. certainty E. uncertainty

A manager who is fully informed, completely logical, and makes choices that are intended to maximize value is utilizing ________. A. bounded rationality B. a nonlinear thinking style C. evidence-based management (EBMgt) D. rational decision making E. intuitive decision making

According to the concept of bounded rationality, managers make decisions ________. A. partially based on the opinions, preferences, and values of those who have a stake in the decision B. based on the systematic use of the best available evidence to improve management practice C. based on an increased commitment to a previous decision despite evidence that it may have been wrong D. even when they are limited in their ability to process information E. based on experience, feelings, and accumulated judgment

Alicia is convinced that she can tell more about a job applicant in a 5-minute interview than through pre-employment tests or reference checks and insists that her gut instincts are never wrong. Alicia is using ________. A. rational decision making B. evidence-based management (EBMgt) C. a linear thinking style D. intuitive decision making E. heuristics

Andrew goes to the office supply store and talks to a sales representative, who shows him several copiers that can meet his needs. Which step of the decision-making process does this represent? A. Identifying decision criteria B. Selecting an alternative C. Identifying the problem D. Developing alternatives E. Allocating weights to the criteria

From a broad perspective, organizational environments differ based on their degree of _____. A. risk B. international exposure C. diversity D. uncertainty E. market concentration

In order to make exchanges or returns at a clothing retailer, customer service representatives must follow an established series of steps, such as checking the receipt, inspecting the item for damage, and issuing a store credit. This is an example of a(n) ________. A. non-programmed decision B. rule C. unstructured problem D. procedure E. policy

In order to tailor a political candidate's message to the constituency in a particular area, her staff investigates the area's general age, race, gender, income, and family composition. What aspect of the external environment is the staff investigating? A. Economic B. Political/legal C. Sociocultural D. Demographic E. Technological

In today's highly competitive business world, managers have come to understand that ________ is necessary for organizational survival and success. A. de-emphasizing popular communication technology B. concentrating on precise manufacturing techniques C. allowing the marketing department to focus on customers D. providing consistently superior customer service E. developing overarching strategic plans involving all departments within the organization

Managers who weigh their first impression of an applicant more heavily than information received later in the interview are experiencing ________. A. the framing bias B. the availability bias C. the confirmation bias D. the anchoring effect E. the overconfidence bias

Most of management's attention is normally focused on the ______ environment. A. economic B. demographic C. technological D. specific E. political/legal

Some firms, such as Amazon, make extensive use of data and available information to improve management practices. This method is known as ________. A. intuitive decision making B. bounded rationality C. design thinking D. evidence-based management E. data mining

Teresa is conducting market research to assess the feasibility of introducing a new product. She wants to determine the values, attitudes, lifestyles, and tastes of the target market. Which component of the external environment is Teresa assessing? A. Demographic B. Technological C. Political/legal D. Sociocultural E. Economic

Whenever Gabriela needs to book a hotel room in an unfamiliar city, she always stays at a Marriott, because she's familiar with the brand. This is an example of ________. A. a procedure B. a rule C. the hindsight bias D. a heuristic E. the randomness bias

Which of these characteristics is NOT a demographic factor that potentially affects the organization? A. Age B. Race C. Gender D. Beliefs E. Income

Which of these groups is typically NOT considered part of an organization's specific environment? A. Special-interest groups B. Suppliers C. Customers D. Stockholders E. Government agencies

Which of these is NOT one of the six dimensions that appear to capture the essence of an organization's culture? A. Integrity B. Attention to detail C. Team orientation D. Sustainability E. Outcome orientation

Russ, a senior manager in an engineering firm, strongly believes that a manager decides his organization's future and has a plaque on his wall that reads, "I am the master of my fate." What view of management does this reflect? A. Symbolic B. Classical C. Authoritarian D. Omnipotent E. Contingency

A sign in the college bookstore states that students can return a textbook only if it is still shrink-wrapped and returned within the first 10 days of the semester. This is an example of a(n) ________. A. policy B. unstructured problem C. non-programmed decision D. procedure E. rule

After looking at several copiers, Andrew decides to buy one. He knows other models might be available elsewhere, but he doesn't have time to keep looking, and the one he is buying seems to meet his needs. This is an example of ________. A. evidence-based management (EBMgt) B. design thinking C. maximizing D. escalation of commitment E. satisficing

Artificial intelligence relies on the availability of ________ to create algorithms that mimic the reasoning ability of the human mind. A. design thinking B. deep learning C. Google data D. machine learning E. big data

At Aspen Electronics, the parking spots nearest the front door are reserved for the "Employee of the Month." Which aspect of organizational culture does this represent? A. Language B. Rituals C. Ethics D. Stories E. Material artifacts and symbols

Environmental uncertainty refers to ________. A. the components in an organization's environment that change frequently B. the knowledge an organization needs about its environment C. a series of predictable changes D. the number of components in an organization's environment E. the degree of change and complexity in an organization's environment

Factors that are important or relevant to resolving a problem are referred to as ________. A. heuristics B. decisions C. big data D. rules E. decision criteria

Instead of identifying and evaluating alternatives with logic and deductive reasoning, a manager using ________ would try to envision and entertain new and innovative solutions to a problem. A. evidence-based management B. big data C. bounded rationality D. linear thinking E. design thinking

Jeremy has focused on developing his listening skills and using his firm's new intranet technology to better convey information. On which of the employability skills is Jeremy focusing? A. Critical thinking B. Social responsibility C. Knowledge application and analysis D. Collaboration E. Communication

More people will buy ground beef advertised as "80% lean" instead of "20% fat," even though the meaning is the same. Which decision-making bias does this reflect? A. Confirmation bias B. Hindsight bias C. Overconfidence bias D. Availability bias E. Framing bias

Organizational culture comprises all of the following factors EXCEPT ________. A. organization traditions B. distinguishing organizational characteristics C. common principles D. shared values E. strategic plans

Social media has become increasingly important to many businesses to maximize contact with customers and to ________. A. allow employees to publicize their accomplishments B. help employees to state their dissatisfaction and suggestions for improvements C. enable managers to publish one-way messages to employees D. discuss current events and their impact on the company's business E. create online communities to share ideas and content

The degree of change and complexity in an organization's environment is referred to as ________. A. environmental complexity B. organizational culture C. workplace spirituality D. the economic environment E. environmental uncertainty

When Nikki passes the first management quiz with flying colors, she credits her dedication and intellect. When she fails the first test, she blames it on a poorly worded test. This is an example of the ________ bias. A. representation B. availability C. immediate gratification D. selective perception E. self-serving

When making a decision, managers who use design thinking look at problem identification collaboratively and integratively. Which of the following do they also consider? A. Both product and process design aspects B. Both emotional and intuitive aspects C. Both the net present value and internal rate of return aspects D. Both rational and analytical aspects E. Both the rational and emotional aspects

When managers stick to their original sources of information while formulating a decision and ignore information that becomes available to them later, this is referred to as the ________. A. selective perception bias B. framing bias C. immediate gratification bias D. overconfidence bias E. anchoring effect

Which of the employability skills is demonstrated when employees work together on a task, negotiate their differences, and produce a final product reflecting their joint actions? A. Communication B. Critical thinking C. Social responsibility D. Knowledge application and analysis E. Collaboration

Which of the following best defines evidence-based management? A. Using feelings and accumulated judgment in making decisions B. Clarifying problems that at one time were ambiguous C. Accepting evidence and solutions that are good enough when making decisions D. Increasing commitment to a previous decision despite alternative evidence E. Using the best available information to improve management practice

Which of the following best illustrates a company with a strong organizational culture? A. Employees have varied opinions about the organization's mission and values. B. Employees have limited knowledge about the company's history or its founders. C. Shared values within the organization are limited to the top executives. D. There is limited connection between the espoused values of the organization and the behavior of its employees. E. Organizational goals and values are clear and widely accepted.

Which of the following statements about the changing nature of management in today's marketplace is most likely true? A. There has been a dramatic shift in the composition of the workforce in recent years as females have overtaken males in both management positions and earning power. B. Sustainability policies are at the corporate level and have no impact on the individual manager. C. Social media has changed the role of managers but has not impacted the organization within the business arena. D. Employees at all levels are more inclined to be dedicated and loyal to an employer and will stay for their entire career, working their way up through the organization. E. Taking risks, exploring new territories, and trying new methods are innovative tactics that management can use to be more successful in the marketplace.

Which of these environments do most managers prefer if given a choice? A. An environment that changes rapidly B. An environment with only a few competitors C. An environment in which their role is symbolic D. A highly complex environment E. An environment with lower levels of uncertainty

Fayol identified the management functions as planning, organizing, leading, coordinating, and controlling. Which of the following accurately describes the control function?

The control function involves monitoring and evaluating performance to ensure goals are met and work is done as it should be

What is the Selective perception bias?

When decision makers selectively organize and interpret events based on their biased perceptions, they're using

Management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so their activities are completed efficiently and effectively. Efficiency means that subordinates are ________.

getting the most output from the least amount of inputs or resources, and doing those work activities that will result in achieving goals

"Big data" is best characterized as ________.

huge and complex data sets

In his first comprehensive study, Mintzberg concluded that what managers do can best be described by looking at the managerial roles they engage in at work. What are the three roles?

Interpersonal, informational, and decisional

Robert L. Katz proposed that managers need three critical skills in managing, which are ________.

technical, human, and conceptual

Managers face constraints in their ability to control their organizations; the constraint based on the company's environment is referred to as a(n) ________ constraint.

External

Today's marketplace is very fluid with an increase in competition and customers who are more discerning and better informed. How has management changed in response?

Managers are recognizing that delivering consistent, high-quality customer service is essential for survival and success in today's competitive environment and that employees are an important part of that equation.

According to the "four functions" approach, managers' work is best described by which four functions?

Planning, organizing, leading and controlling

A formal statement of an organization's values and the ethical rules it expects employees to follow is referred to as a ________. A. code of ethics B. mission statement C. social audit D. vision statement E. policy manual

A person who informs on a person or organization engaged in an illicit or unethical activity is known as a(n) ________. A. social entrepreneur B. whistle-blower C. ombudsman D. monitor E. social activist

A preconceived belief, opinion, or judgment toward a person or a group of people is ________. A. bias B. prejudice C. a glass ceiling D. stereotyping E. discrimination

A ________ is a multinational corporation that centralizes its management and other decisions in the home country. A. global firm B. global company C. multidomestic corporation D. borderless firm E. transnational organization

A ________ is a type of multinational corporation (MNC) that decentralizes management, hires local employees to manage its foreign operations, and tailors marketing strategies to a country's unique characteristics. A. multidivisional corporation B. multidomestic corporation C. born global company D. borderless organization E. global company

Corporate philanthropy and encouraging employee volunteering are two ways that businesses can promote ________. A. moral development B. social change C. social screening D. social obligation E. a classical view of social responsibility

Employee resource groups (ERGs) are not appealing to all employees. Which of these groups is most likely to be interested in an ERG? A. Workers over the age of 55 B. Workers under the age of 34 C. Workers between the ages of 45 and 55 D. Workers over the age of 65 E. Workers between the ages of 22 and 42

Kellogg Company has a number of ________, which are groups made up of workers who are connected by a common dimension of diversity. A. cross-functional teams B. employee resource groups C. mentor groups D. diverse work groups E. diversity awareness teams

Laura, a doctor, was surprised to discover that many men in the small village in Mexico where she was volunteering refused to be seen by a female physician because the societal norm dictated that the physician should be a male. Which cultural dimension does this illustrate? A. Humane orientation B. Performance orientation C. Power distance D. Assertiveness E. Gender differentiation

A tendency or preference toward a particular perspective or ideology, which could result in a prejudice toward one person or a group of people, is best known as ________. A. a bias B. bigotry C. discrimination D. stereotyping E. ethnicity

Alison frequently travels to Spain, Portugal, and France on business. She makes sure to keep ________ in her wallet for use on these trips because she doesn't want to change money every time she crosses a border in the EU. A. euros B. francs C. pesos D. dollars E. yen

All of these are different types of diversity found in the workplace EXCEPT ________. A. job title B. sexual orientation C. race/ethnicity D.gender E. disability/abilities

Although Abels Manufacturing has facilities in several countries, management decisions that have company-wide implications are made within the home country. Abels Manufacturing would be described as a ________. A. global company B. multidomestic corporation C. joint venture D. strategic alliance E. transnational organization

An employee from a culture with a high ________ would most likely exhibit patience and perseverance and would define success over a period of years, rather than months. A. future orientation B. performance orientation C. humane orientation D. assertiveness E. power distance

By 2050, what will be the American immigrant to nonimmigrant (i.e., born in America) ratio? A. 1 out of 5 B. 1 out of 15 C. 1 out of 10 D. 1 out of 2 E. 1 out of 8

Easily perceived differences among people in an organization such as age, race, and gender are known as ________. A. surface-level diversity B. biases C. multi-level diversity D. stereotypes E. deep-level diversity

Jill is an African American employee being bullied by an Asian male coworker after she was recently promoted. Which type of discrimination is Jill facing? A. Intimidation B. Incivility C. Sexual harassment D. Exclusion E. Mockery and insults

Jordan and Rita have very different values and personalities. This is an example of ______ diversity. A. deep-level B. strategic C. ethnic D. surface-level E. bias

Most organizations making the initial decision to enter a global market with minimal investment use which strategy? A. Global sourcing B. Exporting C. Franchising D. Licensing E. Joint ventures

Of the following, which is NOT an approach for companies to go green? A. Shareholder approach B. Activist approach C. Market approach D. Stakeholder approach E. Legal approach

The cultural dimension that reflects the degree to which a society rewards and encourages behaviors such as planning, working for long-term success, and delaying gratification is referred to as ________. A. future orientation B. humane orientation C. performance orientation D. power distance E. assertiveness

The law of comparative advantage supports the ________ argument regarding international trade and globalization. A. every country wins B. isolationist C. adverse impact D. closed market E. every country loses

The orientation program at a software company consists of a full-day session in which new employees are introduced to the company, its products, and its policies, and are assigned a senior employee who serves as their mentor. This process of helping new employees learn about and adapt to the organization's culture is known as ________. A. socialization B. fraternization C. assimilation D. acculturation E. indoctrination

What is a people management benefit of having a diverse workforce? A. Attracting and retaining diverse employees B. Improving the understanding of diverse marketplaces C. Reducing costs associated with absenteeism D. Improving system flexibility E. Enhancing problem-solving skills

What is an organizational performance benefit of having a diverse workforce? A. Improved system flexibility B. Increased team problem-solving C. Better use of employee talent D. Increased understanding of the global marketplace E. More variation in values

When a domestic firm partners with a foreign company in order to share knowledge, experience, and resources in developing new products or production facilities, this is known as ________. A. a strategic alliance B. licensing C. importing D. global sourcing E. exporting

Which U.S. law requires employers to make reasonable accommodations for those persons regarded as having physical and/or mental disabilities? A. ADA B. FLSA C. Civil Rights Act of 1964 D. EEOC E. ADEA

Which of the following cultural dimensions identified by the GLOBE program refers to the degree to which a society encourages and rewards individuals for being fair, altruistic, generous, and caring? A. Humane orientation B. Future orientation C. Performance orientation D. Power distance E. Assertiveness

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that determines issue intensity? A. Strong managerial authority B. Greatness of harm C. Probability of harm D. Proximity to victim E. Concentration of effect

Which of the following is true about the predicted changing make up of racial/ethnic groups in the United States by 2050? A. The percentage of the population that is Hispanic will more than double. B. The percentage of the population that is Asian will decrease. C. The percentage of the population that is black, non-Hispanic will more than double. D. The percentage of the population that is white will increase. E. The percentage of the population that is foreign born will decrease.

Which of the following refers to social traits, such as cultural background or allegiance, shared by a human population? A. Ethnicity B. Diversity C. Identity D. Personality E. Race

Which of the following statements about globalization today is true? A. Free trade is not the cause of unemployment. B. Consumers do not benefit from trade. C. The majority of manufacturing job losses in the U.S. from 2000 to 2010 was due to trade. D. Technology negatively impacts globalization. E. The costs of globalization exceed the benefits.

Which of these dimensions is NOT one of the six dimensions that appear to capture the essence of organizational culture? A. Political skill B. Outcome orientation C. Team orientation D. Attention to detail E. Integrity

Which of these types of MNCs uses an arrangement that eliminates artificial geographic barriers? A. A transnational organization B. An exporter C. A multinational firm D. A multidomestic corporation E. A global company

Which two individual characteristics play a pivotal role in determining whether a person behaves ethically? A. Values and personality B. Values and ego strength C. Ego strength and personality D. Locus of control and personality E. Moral development and values

Heineken's "Enjoy Heineken Responsibly" campaign is a global initiative to inform and educate consumers about the safe and responsible consumption of alcohol. This is an example of social ________. A. responsiveness B. obligation C. responsibility D. entrepreneurship E. screening

________ is the broad practice of managers considering the impact of their organization on the natural environment. A. Green management B. Environmental activism C. The legal approach D. The stakeholder approach E. The market approach

One of the best ways to ensure employees behave ethically is to ________. A. adopt a code of ethics B. hire ethical employees C. send employees to ethical training D. publicly shame anyone behaving unethically E. task subordinates with punishing offenders

Senior management at JMJ Manufacturing accept that there are differences and similarities between host country and home country personnel and practices and believe that they should use the practices that are most effective. This reflects ________. A. parochialism B. a geocentric attitude C. an ethnocentric attitude D. a polycentric attitude E. supranationalism

Social responsiveness and social responsibility illustrate the ________ view of social responsibility. A. legal B. socioeconomic C. social obligation D. classical E. political

Social ________ is characterized by an individual or organization who seeks out opportunities to improve society by using practical, innovative, and sustainable approaches. A. screening B. entrepreneurship C. responsibility D. responsiveness E. obligation

Tara asserts, "Older workers just don't catch on to technology as fast as younger workers." This is an example of ________. A. the glass ceiling B. stereotyping C. surface-level diversity D. discrimination E. bigotry

The ________ is an organization of 189 member countries that promotes international monetary cooperation and provides advice, temporary loans, and technical assistance to establish and maintain financial stability. A. WTO B. IMF C. EU D. OECD E. ASEAN

The ________, which evolved from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), is the only global organization that deals with trade rules among nations. A. GLOBE program B. WTO C. IMF D. OECD E. EU

When DAX Products wanted to expand and enter the Western European market, it established a small manufacturing facility and a sales office in Munich. What method of entering the global market did DAX use? A. Licensing B. Foreign subsidiary C. Exporting D. Global sourcing E. A strategic alliance

Whenever DAC opens a new sales office in another country, it transfers a manager from headquarters to head up the new office, believing that foreign managers lack the expertise and skills to make the best decisions for the operation. This reflects ________. A. a global mind-set B. an ethnocentric attitude C. a geocentric attitude D. supranationalism E. a polycentric attitude

Which of the following does NOT describe the WTO? A. Its goal is to help countries conduct trade through a system of rules. B. It was formed immediately after World War II and evolved from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). C. It plays a role in monitoring, promoting, and protecting global trade. D. The World Trade Organization negotiates between many trading partners in the world. E. It is a global organization of 164 countries that deals with the rules of trade among nations.

Which of the following is LEAST likely a key component of an organization's culture? A. Language B. Socialization C. Material artifacts and symbols D. Stories E. Rituals

Which of these differences in people is NOT a characteristic of surface-level diversity? A. Race B. Personality C. Ethnicity D. Gender E. Age

Which term refers to functions performed typically by an older member of the organization for a junior member, such as career development and social support? A. Recruiting B. Mentoring C. Diversity skills training D. Succession planning E. Diversity awareness training

A manager who exhibits parochialism in his or her attitudes might be expected to ________. A. have the view that employees in the host country know the best work approaches and practices for running the business B. believe that global businesses need to focus attention on global problems. C. not recognize that others have different ways of living and working D. have a world-oriented view that focuses on using the best approaches and people from around the globe E. believe that the best work approaches and practices are those of the home country

A narrow view in which people see things solely through their own eyes and perspectives is known as ________. A. a polycentric attitude B. cultural intelligence C. parochialism D. a geocentric attitude E. monolingualism

A new employee, Sally, has been receiving some great advice and guidance from an experienced coworker, Jill, who has been with the organization for over 20 years. This is an example of ________. A. job rotation B. an employee resource group C. mentoring D. job sharing E. diversity skills training

An organization at Dell Computer known as Vitrus seeks to support team members whose interests align with the U.S. military or who are veterans. This is an example of ________. A. reverse mentoring B. the glass ceiling C. an employee resource group D. mentoring E. diversity skills training

At which stage of moral development is morality defined as obeying rules and avoiding negative personal consequences? A. Stage 2 B. Stage 4 C. Stage 1 D. Stage 3 E. Stage 5

A ________ is a multinational company that has a global scope and does not consider any particular country as its base, home, or headquarters. A. multidomestic corporation B. joint venture C. transnational organization D. global company E. strategic alliance

By 2050, what will be the most populous age group in the United States, comprising 8 percent of the entire U.S. population? A. 25-40 years B. 18-25 years C. 80 years and over D. 65-80 years E. 40-65 years

Chi has a very strong belief in his own convictions and thus is likely to act on his own convictions in the workplace rather than those of others. Chi is likely high in ________. A. goal achievement B. locus of control C. ego strength D. ethical leadership E. ethics

Managers who exhibit a geocentric attitude have a ________. A. belief that their way of living and working is better than host country ways B. view that employees in the host country know the best work approaches C. world-oriented view that uses the best approaches and people from around the world D. belief that people in foreign countries don't have the skills to make wise business decisions E. tendency to ignore others' values and customs

RVA Electronics has facilities worldwide. Instead of orienting itself toward either the host country or the home country, top managers select managers for assignments based on their skills and abilities, rather than their nationality or location. This reflects ________. A. supranationalism B. a polycentric attitude C. a geocentric attitude D. parochialism E. an ethnocentric attitude

The degree to which people, themselves, believe they can control their own fates or destinies as well as accept responsibility for any consequences is referred to as ________. A. internal ego strength B. external locus of control C. internal locus of control D. values E. external ego strength

The ________ view of social responsibility is that managers today are employees with a primary responsibility to shareholders and their single focus should be on generating financial returns. A. ethical obligation B. public expectations C. classical D. social responsibility E. socioeconomic

The pro-globalization argument from the mid-1940s until the early 2000s was based on the idea that free trade and open borders created a benefit for all countries. This argument is based on _________. A. social responsibility B. the law of competitive advantage C. the law of comparative advantage D. parochialism E. uncertainty avoidance

Training that teaches employees about the importance of diversity and shows them how to work in a diverse workplace is referred to as ________. A. mentoring B. succession planning C. diversity training D. an employee resource group E. diversity awareness training

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of workforce diversity? A. Cost savings and improvements in organizational functioning B. Improvements in understanding of, and marketing to, a diverse marketplace C. Automatic increase in organizational results D. Attracting and retaining employees of diverse backgrounds E. Enhanced problem-solving ability

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act stipulates that any manager convicted of retaliating against a whistle-blower can receive ________. A. a 20% cut in pay B. a $1,000 fine and up to 1 year in jail C. up to five years in prison D. a ten-year jail sentence E. a $500 fine

Which of the following organizations developed guidelines for promoting environmental sustainability and disseminates the sustainability reports of green companies worldwide? A. Environmental Protection Agency B. OSHA C. Global Reporting Initiative D. World Economic Forum E. International Organization for Standardization

Which of the following refers to a firm participating in social actions only to the extent that it meets its economic and legal responsibilities? A. Social responsibility B. The classical view C. Social obligation D. Social responsiveness E. Socioeconomic view

Which of these actions is NOT a recent anti-globalization response? A. Italy turning away African immigrants B. Brexit C. Japan devaluing the yen to increase exports D. President Trump's "America First" platform E. The U.S. rejecting the Trans-Pacific Partnership

Which of these arguments favors globalization? A. Increased competition can lead to job loss. B. Outsourcing components costs local jobs. C. A rising tide floats all boats. D. Supply chain disruptions can cost millions. E. Globalization creates winners and losers.

Which of these techniques is being used by corporations as a deterrent to unethical behavior? A. Performance appraisals B. Promoting social entrepreneurship C. Independent social audits D. Social screening E. Green management

Barbara's Baubles produces one-of-a-kind jewelry using semi-precious gems. Although the owner sells her jewelry exclusively at a small shop in Albuquerque, she purchases the gems wherever they are the cheapest. This is an example of ________. A. a strategic alliance B. exporting C. global sourcing D. importing E. licensing

A social entrepreneur is someone who ________. A. believes that a manager's primary responsibility is to operate the business in the best interests of the stockholders B. raises ethical concerns and wrongdoing to others C. takes the light green approach to green management D. uses innovative and sustainable business practices to make the world a better place E. engages in social actions because of a sense of obligation to meet particular economic and legal responsibilities

All of the following are important global trade mechanisms EXCEPT the ________. A. World Trade Organization B. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development C. International Monetary Fund D. European Union E. World Bank Group

An employee from a culture with a low degree of power distance would most likely ________. A. be highly competitive and often confrontational B. prefer to work for a company with clearly established rules and procedures C. prefer to work in a team environment rather than individually D. expect management to solicit input from employees in making decisions E. view formal feedback as judgmental and discomfiting

Apecs Electronics hires and promotes employees who are citizens of the host country, believing that the "locals" know best. Which global perspective does this reflect? A. Monolingualism B. A geocentric attitude C. Parochialism D. A polycentric attitude E. An ethnocentric attitude

Environmental disasters have spurred an increasing push toward ________. A. values-based management B. social screening C. the classical view D. green management E. unsustainable business practices

Gordon has built a lucrative small business by purchasing inexpensive kitchen gadgets from a variety of companies in China and the Far East and selling them at his booth in a popular flea market. This is an example of ________. A. a strategic alliance B. licensing C. global sourcing D. importing E. exporting

Lockheed Martin's slogan is, "We never forget who we're working for." This is an example of how the company uses _______ to reinforce its organizational culture. A. ethics B. stories C. rituals D. language E. material artifacts and symbols

Recent changes occurring in the U.S. workplace include all of the following EXCEPT ________. A. the aging of the population B. the changing population of racial/ethnic groups C. the changing components of the population D. a steady decrease in minority populations E. the total increase in the population

The extent to which people in a society tolerate or feel threatened by ambiguity is known as ________. A. assertiveness B. performance orientation C. power distance D. uncertainty avoidance E. humane orientation

The selection process is a chance to learn about an individual's standards in greater detail. Which of the following is NOT a standard that should be measured in terms of ethics? A. Locus of control B. Ego strength C. Moral development D. Financial background E. Personal values

Which of the following are strategic benefits of managing workplace diversity? A. Reduced costs and improved system flexibility B. Improved recruiting of diverse employees C. Lower turnover and absenteeism D. Improved market share and enhanced competitive advantage E. Better use of employee talent and increased team problem-solving efforts

Which of the following is NOT true about LGBT experiences in the workplace? A. Over 40% of gay and lesbian employees indicate they have been unfairly treated in the workplace due to their sexual orientation. B. U.S. federal law prohibits discrimination against employees on the basis of sexual orientation. C. Over 90% of the largest corporations have explicit policies prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation. D. Approximately 12.4 million private sector workers identify themselves as LGBT. E. More than one-third of LGBT workers feel they had to lie about their personal lives while at work

Which of the following is a global organization of more than 150 countries that deals with the rules of trade among nations? A. EU B. OECD C. CAFTA D. WTO E. IMF

Which of the following is a true statement about global population and workforce changes? A. The United States is now the world's oldest major country. B. Changes in the global workforce closely mirror changes in the U.S. workforce. C. The world's population is becoming increasingly younger. D. Worldwide, people aged 65 and older will comprise about 17% of the population by 2050. E. More than half of the world's older people live in the industrialized nations of Europe, North America, Japan, and Australia.

Which of the following is a true statement regarding companies' codes of ethics? A. When an employee does something unethical, managers should punish the individual privately. B. An effective code of ethics will automatically improve an organization's ethical climate. C. A code of ethics should be broadly written and subject to interpretation by employees, depending on the situation. D. Doing business ethically requires a commitment from managers at all levels, but especially the top level. E. Once a well-written code of ethics is in place, further action is not needed by the company.

Which of the following provides a list of the world's most sustainable companies? A. ISO 14000 B. Global Reporting Initiative C. The American Business Act on Climate Pledge D. Global 100 E. ISO 9000

Which of the following would LEAST likely help an organization to facilitate workforce diversity? A. Employee resource groups B. Diversity skills training C. Mentoring D. Code of ethics E. Management commitment

Which of these groups is projected to be the U.S. racial minority by 2044? A. Hispanics B. Asians C. Persons over the age of 89 D. Non-Hispanic whites E. Children below the age of 12

Which of these international organization types reflects a polycentric attitude? A. A borderless organization B. A multinational firm C. A global company D. A multidomestic corporation E. A transnational firm

Which of these options is NOT an ethical test to determine whether a specific action is ethical or unethical? A. The family test B. The golden rule test C. The social media test D. The managerial test E. The conscience test

Which of these statements about globalization is true? A. Open borders and free markets are always beneficial to all nations. B. Globalization always improves everyone's standard of living. C. Globalization appears to have increased wages in the U.S. D. Public opinion on the benefits of globalization changes over time. E. Political candidates who support globalization have won most recent major elections.

Which of these statements is NOT a true statement about ethics training? A. Most new employee ethics training programs last less that two hours. B. Ethics training generally has a positive effect on behavior when a firm also has accountability policies and regular ethics audits. C. One survey of 71 large US-based firms found that 70 of them had ethics training programs. D. Ethics training works better when it relies on abstract dilemmas and stories. E. Ethics training works better when combined with top management commitment.

Which term refers to a preference for a specific perspective or ideology? A. Prejudice B. Stereotyping C. Exclusion D. Bias E. Discrimination

Cindy's Creations is a small producer of decorative napkins, placemats, and other tableware. Although all of the products are produced domestically, Cindy's Creations sells worldwide through its website. This is an example of ________. A. global sourcing B. importing C. a strategic alliance D. exporting E. licensing

A manager thinks that all single people can work long hours because they don't have a family waiting for them at home. This judging of a person on the basis of one's perception of a group to which the person belongs is called ________. A. bias B. discrimination C. exclusion D. prejudice E. stereotyping

A manager who has an ethnocentric attitude believes ________. A. that every foreign operation is different, so host country employees must determine best practices B. that host country employees know the best work practices for running a business C. that home country employees lack the skills necessary to run a foreign operation and need help from the foreign subsidiary D. in a world-oriented view that focuses on using the best approaches and people from around the globe E. that foreigners lack the skills and knowledge to make effective business decisions as compared to people from the home country

According to the "four shades of green" approach to addressing the environment, a company that responds to customers' demands in terms of environmentally friendly products has adopted the ________ approach. A. enlightened B. legal C. stakeholder D. activist E. market

A ________ is one in which resources are primarily owned and controlled by the private sector. A. multidomestic corporation B. foreign subsidiary C. planned economy D. joint venture E. free market economy

A whistle-blower is someone who ________. A. protects employees against retaliation from reporting unethical practices B. evaluates management practices in terms of the organization's code of ethics and presents the findings directly to the board C. is completely unprotected by the law D. is not a key part of a company's ethics program E. overcomes risks and fears to report wrongdoing

Both prejudice and stereotyping can lead to someone treating others who are members of a particular group unequally. This is called ________. A. the glass ceiling effect B. bias C. exclusion D. reverse mentoring E. discrimination

Ethnicity is primarily based on ________. A. diversity B. skin color C. personality traits D. biological heritage E. social traits

In terms of green management, what is the highest degree of environmental sensitivity? A. Market approach B. Legal approach C. Light green approach D. Stakeholder approach E. Dark green approach

Managers that exhibit a polycentric attitude have the view that ________. A. the best way to implement worldwide operations is to use people from around the world B. their ways of living and working are better than those of the host country C. people in foreign countries lack essential business knowledge and experience D. global operations are best managed by using the best practices from around the world, regardless of origin E. employees in the host country know the best work practices for running a business

Recent developments such as the renegotiation of NAFTA, Brexit, the election of Trump, and the failure of the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) are signs of _________. A. parochialistic attitudes B. decreasing social responsibility C. decreasing uncertainty avoidance D. growing ethnocentric attitudes E. growing anti-globalization attitudes

Social ________ is when a firm engages in social actions because of its duty to meet certain economic and legal responsibilities. A. entrepreneurship B. responsiveness C. responsibility D. screening E. obligation

When expanding internationally, which of the following methods requires the greatest commitment of company resources? A. Importing or exporting B. Licensing or franchising C. Global sourcing D. Setting up a joint venture E. Setting up a foreign subsidiary

Which of the following is a true statement about the U.S. population? A. The Asian population in the United States is expected to remain static through 2050. B. By 2050, the largest age group in the United States will be those aged 25-34. C. The number of immigrants in the U.S. population is decreasing, and this trend is expected to continue. D. Foreign-born workers in the United States currently account for nearly half of the labor force. E. By 2050, whites will account for less than half of the overall population in the United States.

Which of these negative stereotypes is often applied to older workers? A. They are more stable. B. They are impatient. C. They are lazy. D. They have higher tolerance for change. E. They have lower job performance.

Which organization has the goal of promoting international monetary cooperation and can provide temporary loans to help stabilize and strengthen economies? A. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development B. World Bank Group C. Global trade mechanisms D. World Trade Organization E. International Monetary Fund

Which regional trading alliance was composed of the United States, Canada, and Mexico? A. CAFTA B. WTO C. ASEAN D. EU E. NAFTA

Which term refers to the extent to which people think they control their own fate? A. Ego strength B. Ethics C. Structural variability D. Issue intensity E. Locus of control

Test 1

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