Test 1

Alberto is a manager who tends to think he knows more than he does. He is most likely exhibiting​ ________. A. the overconfidence bias B. the anchoring effect C. the immediate gratification bias D. the confirmation bias E. the hindsight bias

A

A​ ________ is a series of sequential steps a manager uses to respond to a structured problem. A. procedure B. decision C. rule D. policy E. guide

A

Bob does not think he can complete the current project​ he's working on with the resources he has available. The product may also become obsolete by the time it is released due to scheduling delays.​ However, he presses forward because his department has already spent​ $100,000 and 6 months working on the project. This is an example of the​ ________. A. sunk costs error B. framing bias C. anchoring effect D. randomness bias E. confirmation bias

A

Design thinking involves approaching a problem from the perspective of​ a(n A. designer B. employee C. manager D. rational person E. line worker

A

Employees learn organizational culture through​ ________. A. symbols and language B. organizing and motivating C. collecting and disseminating information D. sales projections and feedback loops E. marketing and planning

A

Intuitive decision making involves making decisions on the basis of​ ________. A. ​experience, feelings, and accumulated judgment B. rationality within the limits of​ one's ability to process information C. relevant internal factors such as​ context, circumstances, and organizational members D. opinions, preferences, and values of those who have a stake in the decision E. an increased commitment to a previous decision despite evidence that it may have been wrong

A

Managers face constraints in their ability to control their​ organizations; one constraint is based on​ ________. A. the​ organization's culture and is called internal constraint B. the​ organization's culture and is called an organizational constraint C. the​ organization's environment and is called political constraint D. the​ organization's culture and is called external constraint E. the​ organization's environment and is called internal constraint

A

Most of​ management's attention is usually devoted to​ ________. A. the specific environment B. the general environment C. demographics D. the sociocultural environment E. technological issues

A

Structured problems are​ ________. A. straightforward, familiar, and easily defined B. situations that conflict with formal organizational policies C. the result of inconsistently applied rules D. unfamiliar and require a unique solution for each problem E. the result of a programmed decision

A

Target refers to its customers as​ "guests" and its employees as​ "team members." This is an example of how the company uses​ ________ to reinforce its organizational culture. A. language B. ethics C. stories D. material artifacts and symbols E. rituals

A

The layout of an​ organization's facilities, how employees​ dress, the kinds of automobiles provided to top​ executives, and office sizes are examples of which aspect of the​ organization's culture? A. Material artifacts and symbols B. Rituals C. Language D. Stories E. Norms

A

The shared social knowledge within an organization regarding the​ values, traditions, and principles of its employees is referred to as its​ ________. A. organizational culture B. organizational structure C. external environment D. vision E. mission statement

A

The view that managers are constrained by both the​ organization's culture and the​ organization's environment while still having some managerial discretion is​ ________. A. a combination of symbolic and omnipotent B. contingent C. omnipotent D. authoritarian E. symbolic

A

The​ data-driven, systematic use of the best available facts and information to improve management practice is referred to as​ ________. A. evidence-based management​ (EBMgt) B. nonlinear thinking C. bounded rationality D. intuitive decision making E. design thinking

A

Which of the following managers is using big data in decision​ making? A. A large retailer uses software to adjust prices in real time for more than 70 million items based on demand and inventory. B. The department chair at a​ medium-sized university reviews enrollment data for the past 3 years to determine what classes to offer during the fall semester. C. A customer service manager examines attendance data from the last 12 months. D. A supermarket analyzes customer transactions to determine how many customers used​ cash, how many used credit​ cards, and how many wrote checks. E. A sales manager analyzes changes in sales as a result of an advertisement placed in the local newspaper.

A

Which​ decision-making bias refers to a decision​ maker's tendency to assess how likely something is to happen or how closely it resembles other events or sets of​ events? A. Representation bias B. Selective perception bias C. Hindsight bias D. Availability bias E. Anchoring effect

A

​__________ refers to the concept that many managers lack the time and the ability to process all of the alternatives to solve a problem. A. Bounded rationality B. Rational decision making C. Design thinking D. Heuristics E. Intuition

A

Define Satisfice

Accepts solutions that are just good enough

What are the six dimensions that capture the culture of an organization?

Adaptability, attention to​ detail, outcome​ orientation, people​ orientation, team​ orientation, and integrity

​________ is the use of​ mathematics, statistics, predictive​ modeling, and other techniques to identify meaningful patterns in a data set.

Analytics

Andrew must buy a new office copier. He lists the features the copier must​ have, such as a​ built-in scanner, color​ copying, and an automatic document​ feeder, along with how much he can spend. Which step of the​ decision-making process does this​ represent? A. Selecting an alternative B. Identifying decision criteria C. Identifying the problem D. Developing alternatives E. Allocating weights to the criteria

B

Generally​ speaking, the decision most closely associated with a structured problem is referred to as​ a(n) ________. A. rational decision B. programmed decision C. intuitive decision D. nonprogrammed decision E. evidence-based decision

B

One way to identify and unite members of a culture is through​ ________. A. quarterly meetings B. language C. indoctrination D. difficult exams E. secret handshakes

B

The approach to decision making that involves soliciting input from a network of people outside of the organization is called​ ________. A. rational decision making B. crowdsourcing C. design thinking D. satisficing E. evidence-based management

B

What does it mean to be a​ "rational" decision​ maker? A. A rational decision maker makes decisions on the basis of​ experience, feelings, and accumulated judgment. B. A rational decision maker is fully objective and logical. C. A rational decision maker makes systematic use of the best available evidence to improve management practice. D. A rational decision maker has an increased commitment to a previous decision despite evidence that it may have been wrong. E. A rational decision maker​ satisfices, rather than​ maximizes, when making a decision.

B

What is the first step in the​ decision-making process? A. Develop alternatives B. Identify a problem C. Identify decision criteria D. Allocate weights to the decision criteria E. Analyze alternatives

B

When an employee examines the rational aspects of a situation as well as the​ emotional, and uses observation and inquiry​ skills, which approach to decision making is being​ used? A. Big data B. Design thinking C. Deep learning D. Artificial intelligence E. Machine learning

B

When decision makers falsely believe they would have accurately predicted the outcome of an event once the outcome is already known they are exhibiting the​ ________ bias. A. confirmation B. hindsight C. selective perception D. immediate gratification E. randomness

B

Which of the following components of the external environment includes factors such as business cycle​ stages, interest​ rates, and​ inflation? A. Technological B. Economic C. Sociocultural D. Political/legal E. Global

B

Which of the following factors would likely be considered part of the demographics component of the general​ environment? A. Federal, state, and local laws B. Population characteristics such as family​ composition, education​ level, and geographic location C. Interest​ rates, inflation, business cycle​ stages, and changes in disposable income D. Societal factors such as​ values, attitudes,​ trends, and lifestyles E. Scientific​ and/or industrial innovations

B

Which of these types of decision makers has a higher tolerance for ambiguity and is more intuitive in their decision​ making? A. Rational B. Conceptual C. Behavioral D. Directive E. Analytic

B

Which statement about organizational culture is most likely​ true? A. Weak organizational cultures closely connect values to behaviors. B. Strong cultures are associated with high organizational performance. C. Weak organizational cultures send consistent messages about what is important. D. Employees in strong organizational cultures exhibit little loyalty. E. Organizational culture rarely influences the way​ co-workers interact.

B

Zappos has a monthly ceremony in which it recognizes a member of its development content team with a​ "Super Awesome Description​ Award." This is an example of which element of organizational​ culture? A. Ethics B. Rituals C. Stories D. Language E. Material artifacts and symbols

B

A clerk at a department store cannot issue a refund for a customer unless the customer produces a store receipt. The customer informs the clerk that he never received a receipt in the first place. The clerk escalates the issue to a manager for resolution. The​ manager's resolution is an example of a​ ________. A. procedure B. structured problem C. nonprogrammed decision D. programmed decision E. policy

C

According to the​ ________ view of​ management, organizational performance is influenced by factors such as the​ economy, customers, governmental​ policies, competitors'​ actions, and industry conditions. A. authoritarian B. scientific C. symbolic D. classic E. omnipotent

C

At Mary Kay​ Cosmetics, an annual awards ceremony is held where beauty consultants are dressed glamorously and received awards for sales goal achievements.. What element of organizational culture does this​ represent? A. Stories B. Language C. Rituals D. Ethics E. Material artifacts and symbols

C

Before introducing a new product to the​ market, a food products company conducts market research to identify the​ lifestyles, patterns of​ behavior, and attitudes of consumers in the target market. This market research targets the​ ________ component of the external environment. A. political/legal B. technological C. sociocultural D. environmental E. global

C

Cashiers at the supermarket are allowed to adjust the price of an item up to a maximum of​ $5.0 without getting the​ manager's approval. This would best be described as​ a(n) ________. A. unstructured problem B. non-programmed decision C. policy D. procedure E. rule

C

Finding meaningful patterns in a data set of potential candidates with the use of​ mathematics, predictive​ modeling, and machine learning to identify the best hires for the organization is​ ________. A. rational decision making B. design thinking C. analytics D. artificial intelligence E. deep learning

C

No one at Zappos has private offices. Instead of​ cubicles, they have a​ free-flowing layout that they believe encourages collaboration. This is an example of how Zappos is using​ ________ to build organizational culture. A. ethics B. stories C. material artifacts and symbols D. rituals E. language

C

Of the following​ components, all of them might act as constraints to managers in the external environment EXCEPT for the​ ________ component. A. sociocultural B. demographic C. organizational culture D. technological E. political/legal

C

One challenge facing​ today's managers is dealing with​ ________. A. more foreign​ investors, who are increasingly demanding that products be produced for their own markets B. economic conditions that are increasingly concentrated on local markets C. global economic and political uncertainties D. ​well-understood and​ planned-for economic patterns E. pressure to decrease costs by decreasing distribution channels

C

Robert is a manager who focuses attention on what benefits he can gain right away from a decision rather than the​ long-term benefits and costs. He is being affected by the​ ________. A. sunk costs error B. framing bias C. immediate gratification bias D. selective perception bias E. anchoring effect

C

The gap between an existing state and a desired state is referred to as​ ________. A. bounded rationality B. a decision C. a problem D. uncertainty E. heuristics

C

The process through which employees learn about and adapt to the​ organization's culture is known as​ ________. A. indoctrination B. nationalization C. socialization D. fraternization E. transformation

C

When managers focus only on their most recent memories and experiences to serve as references when they make​ decisions, they are victims of the​ ________. A. sunk costs error B. self-serving bias C. availability bias D. randomness bias E. representation bias

C

Which of the following examines the number of components in an​ organization's environment and the extent of the​ organization's knowledge about those​ components? A. The economic environment B. Organizational culture C. Environmental complexity D. Environmental uncertainty E. The demographic environment

C

Which of the following groups would be considered to be an internal stakeholder of an​ organization? A. Customers B. Government C. Employees D. Community E. Suppliers

C

Which of the following is primarily used by firms to help employees adapt to the organizational​ culture? A. Performance assessment B. Job training C. Socialization D. Interoffice communication E. Codes of conduct

C

Which of the following most accurately describes the omnipotent view of management within the​ organization? A. Much of an​ organization's success or failure is due to external forces outside of the​ manager's control. B. Managers have a limited control on organizational outcomes. C. Managers are directly responsible for an​ organization's success or failure. D. A​ manager's omnipotence increases with his or her longevity with the company. E. The size and diversity of the organization have a significant effect on a​ manager's omnipotence.

C

Which of these lists includes only characteristics of a programmed​ decision? A. Structured, unusual,​ ambiguous, relatively long time frame B. ​Lower-level management​ decision, long time​ frame, vague, unusual C. Structured, lower-level management​ decision, repetitive, short time frame D. Unstructured, higher-level management​ decision, repetitive, short time frame E. Unstructured, vague,​ upper-level management​ decision, repetitive

C

You​ aren't looking for the​ "sharpest needle in the​ haystack"; you only want one that is sharp enough to sew with. This is an example of​ ________. A. design thinking B. escalation of commitment C. satisficing D. maximizing E. evidence-based management​ (EBMgt)

C

​Brandi's Bakery has received its first major commercial​ order, and the owner needs to determine if she can fill this order on her own or if she needs to hire an employee. This is an example of​ ________. A. a procedure B. certainty C. an unstructured problem D. satisficing E. a programmed decision

C

A manager can make the most accurate decision under a situation of​ ________ because the outcome of every alternative is known. A. ambiguity B. probability C. risk D. certainty E. uncertainty

D

A manager who is fully​ informed, completely​ logical, and makes choices that are intended to maximize value is utilizing​ ________. A. bounded rationality B. a nonlinear thinking style C. evidence-based management​ (EBMgt) D. rational decision making E. intuitive decision making

D

According to the concept of bounded​ rationality, managers make decisions​ ________. A. partially based on the​ opinions, preferences, and values of those who have a stake in the decision B. based on the systematic use of the best available evidence to improve management practice C. based on an increased commitment to a previous decision despite evidence that it may have been wrong D. even when they are limited in their ability to process information E. based on​ experience, feelings, and accumulated judgment

D

Alicia is convinced that she can tell more about a job applicant in a​ 5-minute interview than through​ pre-employment tests or reference checks and insists that her gut instincts are never wrong. Alicia is using​ ________. A. rational decision making B. evidence-based management​ (EBMgt) C. a linear thinking style D. intuitive decision making E. heuristics

D

Andrew goes to the office supply store and talks to a sales​ representative, who shows him several copiers that can meet his needs. Which step of the​ decision-making process does this​ represent? A. Identifying decision criteria B. Selecting an alternative C. Identifying the problem D. Developing alternatives E. Allocating weights to the criteria

D

From a broad​ perspective, organizational environments differ based on their degree of​ _____. A. risk B. international exposure C. diversity D. uncertainty E. market concentration

D

In order to make exchanges or returns at a clothing​ retailer, customer service representatives must follow an established series of​ steps, such as checking the​ receipt, inspecting the item for​ damage, and issuing a store credit. This is an example of​ a(n) ________. A. non-programmed decision B. rule C. unstructured problem D. procedure E. policy

D

In order to tailor a political​ candidate's message to the constituency in a particular​ area, her staff investigates the​ area's general​ age, race,​ gender, income, and family composition. What aspect of the external environment is the staff​ investigating? A. Economic B. Political/legal C. Sociocultural D. Demographic E. Technological

D

In​ today's highly competitive business​ world, managers have come to understand that​ ________ is necessary for organizational survival and success. ​A. de-emphasizing popular communication technology B. concentrating on precise manufacturing techniques C. allowing the marketing department to focus on customers D. providing consistently superior customer service E. developing overarching strategic plans involving all departments within the organization

D

Managers who weigh their first impression of an applicant more heavily than information received later in the interview are experiencing​ ________. A. the framing bias B. the availability bias C. the confirmation bias D. the anchoring effect E. the overconfidence bias

D

Most of​ management's attention is normally focused on the​ ______ environment. A. economic B. demographic C. technological D. specific E. political/legal

D

Some​ firms, such as​ Amazon, make extensive use of data and available information to improve management practices. This method is known as​ ________. A. intuitive decision making B. bounded rationality C. design thinking D. evidence-based management E. data mining

D

Teresa is conducting market research to assess the feasibility of introducing a new product. She wants to determine the​ values, attitudes,​ lifestyles, and tastes of the target market. Which component of the external environment is Teresa​ assessing? A. Demographic B. Technological C. Political/legal D. Sociocultural E. Economic

D

Whenever Gabriela needs to book a hotel room in an unfamiliar​ city, she always stays at a​ Marriott, because​ she's familiar with the brand. This is an example of​ ________. A. a procedure B. a rule C. the hindsight bias D. a heuristic E. the randomness bias

D

Which of these characteristics is NOT a demographic factor that potentially affects the​ organization? A. Age B. Race C. Gender D. Beliefs E. Income

D

Which of these groups is typically NOT considered part of an​ organization's specific​ environment? A. Special-interest groups B. Suppliers C. Customers D. Stockholders E. Government agencies

D

Which of these is NOT one of the six dimensions that appear to capture the essence of an​ organization's culture? A. Integrity B. Attention to detail C. Team orientation D. Sustainability E. Outcome orientation

D

​Russ, a senior manager in an engineering​ firm, strongly believes that a manager decides his​ organization's future and has a plaque on his wall that​ reads, "I am the master of my​ fate." What view of management does this​ reflect? A. Symbolic B. Classical C. Authoritarian D. Omnipotent E. Contingency

D

A sign in the college bookstore states that students can return a textbook only if it is still​ shrink-wrapped and returned within the first 10 days of the semester. This is an example of​ a(n) ________. A. policy B. unstructured problem C. non-programmed decision D. procedure E. rule

E

After looking at several​ copiers, Andrew decides to buy one. He knows other models might be available​ elsewhere, but he​ doesn't have time to keep​ looking, and the one he is buying seems to meet his needs. This is an example of​ ________. A. ​evidence-based management​ (EBMgt) B. design thinking C. maximizing D. escalation of commitment E. satisficing

E

Artificial intelligence relies on the availability of​ ________ to create algorithms that mimic the reasoning ability of the human mind. A. design thinking B. deep learning C. Google data D. machine learning E. big data

E

At Aspen​ Electronics, the parking spots nearest the front door are reserved for the​ "Employee of the​ Month." Which aspect of organizational culture does this​ represent? A. Language B. Rituals C. Ethics D. Stories E. Material artifacts and symbols

E

Environmental uncertainty refers to​ ________. A. the components in an​ organization's environment that change frequently B. the knowledge an organization needs about its environment C. a series of predictable changes D. the number of components in an​ organization's environment E. the degree of change and complexity in an​ organization's environment

E

Factors that are important or relevant to resolving a problem are referred to as​ ________. A. heuristics B. decisions C. big data D. rules E. decision criteria

E

Instead of identifying and evaluating alternatives with logic and deductive​ reasoning, a manager using​ ________ would try to envision and entertain new and innovative solutions to a problem. A. evidence-based management B. big data C. bounded rationality D. linear thinking E. design thinking

E

Jeremy has focused on developing his listening skills and using his​ firm's new intranet technology to better convey information. On which of the employability skills is Jeremy​ focusing? A. Critical thinking B. Social responsibility C. Knowledge application and analysis D. Collaboration E. Communication

E

More people will buy ground beef advertised as​ "80% lean" instead of​ "20% fat," even though the meaning is the same. Which​ decision-making bias does this​ reflect? A. Confirmation bias B. Hindsight bias C. Overconfidence bias D. Availability bias E. Framing bias

E

Organizational culture comprises all of the following factors EXCEPT​ ________. A. organization traditions B. distinguishing organizational characteristics C. common principles D. shared values E. strategic plans

E

Social media has become increasingly important to many businesses to maximize contact with customers and to​ ________. A. allow employees to publicize their accomplishments B. help employees to state their dissatisfaction and suggestions for improvements C. enable managers to publish​ one-way messages to employees D. discuss current events and their impact on the​ company's business E. create online communities to share ideas and content

E

The degree of change and complexity in an​ organization's environment is referred to as​ ________. A. environmental complexity B. organizational culture C. workplace spirituality D. the economic environment E. environmental uncertainty

E

When Nikki passes the first management quiz with flying​ colors, she credits her dedication and intellect. When she fails the first​ test, she blames it on a poorly worded test. This is an example of the​ ________ bias. A. representation B. availability C. immediate gratification D. selective perception E. ​self-serving

E

When making a​ decision, managers who use design thinking look at problem identification collaboratively and integratively. Which of the following do they also​ consider? A. Both product and process design aspects B. Both emotional and intuitive aspects C. Both the net present value and internal rate of return aspects D. Both rational and analytical aspects E. Both the rational and emotional aspects

E

When managers stick to their original sources of information while formulating a decision and ignore information that becomes available to them​ later, this is referred to as the​ ________. A. selective perception bias B. framing bias C. immediate gratification bias D. overconfidence bias E. anchoring effect

E

Which of the employability skills is demonstrated when employees work together on a​ task, negotiate their​ differences, and produce a final product reflecting their joint​ actions? A. Communication B. Critical thinking C. Social responsibility D. Knowledge application and analysis E. Collaboration

E

Which of the following best defines​ evidence-based management? A. Using feelings and accumulated judgment in making decisions B. Clarifying problems that at one time were ambiguous C. Accepting evidence and solutions that are good enough when making decisions D. Increasing commitment to a previous decision despite alternative evidence E. Using the best available information to improve management practice

E

Which of the following best illustrates a company with a strong organizational​ culture? A. Employees have varied opinions about the​ organization's mission and values. B. Employees have limited knowledge about the​ company's history or its founders. C. Shared values within the organization are limited to the top executives. D. There is limited connection between the espoused values of the organization and the behavior of its employees. E. Organizational goals and values are clear and widely accepted.

E

Which of the following statements about the changing nature of management in​ today's marketplace is most likely​ true? A. There has been a dramatic shift in the composition of the workforce in recent years as females have overtaken males in both management positions and earning power. B. Sustainability policies are at the corporate level and have no impact on the individual manager. C. Social media has changed the role of managers but has not impacted the organization within the business arena. D. Employees at all levels are more inclined to be dedicated and loyal to an employer and will stay for their entire​ career, working their way up through the organization. E. Taking​ risks, exploring new​ territories, and trying new methods are innovative tactics that management can use to be more successful in the marketplace.

E

Which of these environments do most managers prefer if given a​ choice? A. An environment that changes rapidly B. An environment with only a few competitors C. An environment in which their role is symbolic D. A highly complex environment E. An environment with lower levels of uncertainty

E

Fayol identified the management functions as​ planning, organizing,​ leading, coordinating, and controlling. Which of the following accurately describes the control​ function?

The control function involves monitoring and evaluating performance to ensure goals are met and work is done as it should be

What is the Selective perception bias?

When decision makers selectively organize and interpret events based on their biased​ perceptions, they're using

Management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so their activities are completed efficiently and effectively. Efficiency means that subordinates are​ ________.

getting the most output from the least amount of inputs or​ resources, and doing those work activities that will result in achieving goals

​"Big data" is best characterized as​ ________.

huge and complex data sets

In his first comprehensive​ study, Mintzberg concluded that what managers do can best be described by looking at the managerial roles they engage in at work. What are the three​ roles?

​Interpersonal, informational, and decisional

Robert L. Katz proposed that managers need three critical skills in​ managing, which are​ ________.

​technical, human, and conceptual

Managers face constraints in their ability to control their​ organizations; the constraint based on the​ company's environment is referred to as​ a(n) ________ constraint.

External

​Today's marketplace is very fluid with an increase in competition and customers who are more discerning and better informed. How has management changed in​ response?

Managers are recognizing that delivering​ consistent, high-quality customer service is essential for survival and success in​ today's competitive environment and that employees are an important part of that equation.

According to the​ "four functions"​ approach, managers' work is best described by which four​ functions?

Planning, organizing, leading and controlling

A formal statement of an​ organization's values and the ethical rules it expects employees to follow is referred to as a​ ________. A. code of ethics B. mission statement C. social audit D. vision statement E. policy manual

A

A person who informs on a person or organization engaged in an illicit or unethical activity is known as​ a(n) ________. A. social entrepreneur B. whistle-blower C. ombudsman D. monitor E. social activist

B

A preconceived​ belief, opinion, or judgment toward a person or a group of people is​ ________. A. bias B. prejudice C. a glass ceiling D. stereotyping E. discrimination

B

A​ ________ is a multinational corporation that centralizes its management and other decisions in the home country. A. global firm B. global company C. multidomestic corporation D. borderless firm E. transnational organization

B

A​ ________ is a type of multinational corporation​ (MNC) that decentralizes​ management, hires local employees to manage its foreign​ operations, and tailors marketing strategies to a​ country's unique characteristics. A. multidivisional corporation B. multidomestic corporation C. born global company D. borderless organization E. global company

B

Corporate philanthropy and encouraging employee volunteering are two ways that businesses can promote​ ________. A. moral development B. social change C. social screening D. social obligation E. a classical view of social responsibility

B

Employee resource groups​ (ERGs) are not appealing to all employees. Which of these groups is most likely to be interested in an​ ERG? A. Workers over the age of 55 B. Workers under the age of 34 C. Workers between the ages of 45 and 55 D. Workers over the age of 65 E. Workers between the ages of 22 and 42

B

Kellogg Company has a number of​ ________, which are groups made up of workers who are connected by a common dimension of diversity. A. cross-functional teams B. employee resource groups C. mentor groups D. diverse work groups E. diversity awareness teams

B

​Laura, a​ doctor, was surprised to discover that many men in the small village in Mexico where she was volunteering refused to be seen by a female physician because the societal norm dictated that the physician should be a male. Which cultural dimension does this​ illustrate? A. Humane orientation B. Performance orientation C. Power distance D. Assertiveness E. Gender differentiation

G

A tendency or preference toward a particular perspective or​ ideology, which could result in a prejudice toward one person or a group of​ people, is best known as​ ________. A. a bias B. bigotry C. discrimination D. stereotyping E. ethnicity

A

Alison frequently travels to​ Spain, Portugal, and France on business. She makes sure to keep​ ________ in her wallet for use on these trips because she​ doesn't want to change money every time she crosses a border in the EU. A. euros B. francs C. pesos D. dollars E. yen

A

All of these are different types of diversity found in the workplace EXCEPT​ ________. A. job title B. sexual orientation C. race/ethnicity D.gender E. disability/abilities

A

Although Abels Manufacturing has facilities in several​ countries, management decisions that have​ company-wide implications are made within the home country. Abels Manufacturing would be described as a​ ________. A. global company B. multidomestic corporation C. joint venture D. strategic alliance E. transnational organization

A

An employee from a culture with a high​ ________ would most likely exhibit patience and perseverance and would define success over a period of​ years, rather than months. A. future orientation B. performance orientation C. humane orientation D. assertiveness E. power distance

A

By​ 2050, what will be the American immigrant to nonimmigrant​ (i.e., born in​ America) ratio? A. 1 out of 5 B. 1 out of 15 C. 1 out of 10 D. 1 out of 2 E. 1 out of 8

A

Easily perceived differences among people in an organization such as​ age, race, and gender are known as​ ________. A. surface-level diversity B. biases C. multi-level diversity D. stereotypes E. deep-level diversity

A

Jill is an African American employee being bullied by an Asian male coworker after she was recently promoted. Which type of discrimination is Jill​ facing? A. Intimidation B. Incivility C. Sexual harassment D. Exclusion E. Mockery and insults

A

Jordan and Rita have very different values and personalities. This is an example of​ ______ diversity. A. ​deep-level B. strategic C. ethnic D. surface-level E. bias

A

Most organizations making the initial decision to enter a global market with minimal investment use which​ strategy? A. Global sourcing B. Exporting C. Franchising D. Licensing E. Joint ventures

A

Of the​ following, which is NOT an approach for companies to go​ green? A. Shareholder approach B. Activist approach C. Market approach D. Stakeholder approach E. Legal approach

A

The cultural dimension that reflects the degree to which a society rewards and encourages behaviors such as​ planning, working for​ long-term success, and delaying gratification is referred to as​ ________. A. future orientation B. humane orientation C. performance orientation D. power distance E. assertiveness

A

The law of comparative advantage supports the​ ________ argument regarding international trade and globalization. A. every country wins B. isolationist C. adverse impact D. closed market E. every country loses

A

The orientation program at a software company consists of a​ full-day session in which new employees are introduced to the​ company, its​ products, and its​ policies, and are assigned a senior employee who serves as their mentor. This process of helping new employees learn about and adapt to the​ organization's culture is known as​ ________. A. socialization B. fraternization C. assimilation D. acculturation E. indoctrination

A

What is a people management benefit of having a diverse​ workforce? A. Attracting and retaining diverse employees B. Improving the understanding of diverse marketplaces C. Reducing costs associated with absenteeism D. Improving system flexibility E. Enhancing​ problem-solving skills

A

What is an organizational performance benefit of having a diverse​ workforce? A. Improved system flexibility B. Increased team​ problem-solving C. Better use of employee talent D. Increased understanding of the global marketplace E. More variation in values

A

When a domestic firm partners with a foreign company in order to share​ knowledge, experience, and resources in developing new products or production​ facilities, this is known as​ ________. A. a strategic alliance B. licensing C. importing D. global sourcing E. exporting

A

Which U.S. law requires employers to make reasonable accommodations for those persons regarded as having physical​ and/or mental​ disabilities? A. ADA B. FLSA C. Civil Rights Act of 1964 D. EEOC E. ADEA

A

Which of the following cultural dimensions identified by the GLOBE program refers to the degree to which a society encourages and rewards individuals for being​ fair, altruistic,​ generous, and​ caring? A. Humane orientation B. Future orientation C. Performance orientation D. Power distance E. Assertiveness

A

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that determines issue​ intensity? A. Strong managerial authority B. Greatness of harm C. Probability of harm D. Proximity to victim E. Concentration of effect

A

Which of the following is true about the predicted changing make up of​ racial/ethnic groups in the United States by​ 2050? A. The percentage of the population that is Hispanic will more than double. B. The percentage of the population that is Asian will decrease. C. The percentage of the population that is​ black, non-Hispanic will more than double. D. The percentage of the population that is white will increase. E. The percentage of the population that is foreign born will decrease.

A

Which of the following refers to social​ traits, such as cultural background or​ allegiance, shared by a human​ population? A. Ethnicity B. Diversity C. Identity D. Personality E. Race

A

Which of the following statements about globalization today is​ true? A. Free trade is not the cause of unemployment. B. Consumers do not benefit from trade. C. The majority of manufacturing job losses in the U.S. from 2000 to 2010 was due to trade. D. Technology negatively impacts globalization. E. The costs of globalization exceed the benefits.

A

Which of these dimensions is NOT one of the six dimensions that appear to capture the essence of organizational​ culture? A. Political skill B. Outcome orientation C. Team orientation D. Attention to detail E. Integrity

A

Which of these types of MNCs uses an arrangement that eliminates artificial geographic​ barriers? A. A transnational organization B. An exporter C. A multinational firm D. A multidomestic corporation E. A global company

A

Which two individual characteristics play a pivotal role in determining whether a person behaves​ ethically? A. Values and personality B. Values and ego strength C. Ego strength and personality D. Locus of control and personality E. Moral development and values

A

​Heineken's "Enjoy Heineken​ Responsibly" campaign is a global initiative to inform and educate consumers about the safe and responsible consumption of alcohol. This is an example of social​ ________. A. responsiveness B. obligation C. responsibility D. entrepreneurship E. screening

A

​________ is the broad practice of managers considering the impact of their organization on the natural environment. A. Green management B. Environmental activism C. The legal approach D. The stakeholder approach E. The market approach

A

One of the best ways to ensure employees behave ethically is to​ ________. A. adopt a code of ethics B. hire ethical employees C. send employees to ethical training D. publicly shame anyone behaving unethically E. task subordinates with punishing offenders

B

Senior management at JMJ Manufacturing accept that there are differences and similarities between host country and home country personnel and practices and believe that they should use the practices that are most effective. This reflects​ ________. A. parochialism B. a geocentric attitude C. an ethnocentric attitude D. a polycentric attitude E. supranationalism

B

Social responsiveness and social responsibility illustrate the​ ________ view of social responsibility. A. legal B. socioeconomic C. social obligation D. classical E. political

B

Social​ ________ is characterized by an individual or organization who seeks out opportunities to improve society by using​ practical, innovative, and sustainable approaches. A. screening B. entrepreneurship C. responsibility D. responsiveness E. obligation

B

Tara​ asserts, "Older workers just​ don't catch on to technology as fast as younger​ workers." This is an example of​ ________. A. the glass ceiling B. stereotyping C. surface-level diversity D. discrimination E. bigotry

B

The​ ________ is an organization of 189 member countries that promotes international monetary cooperation and provides​ advice, temporary​ loans, and technical assistance to establish and maintain financial stability. A. WTO B. IMF C. EU D. OECD E. ASEAN

B

The​ ________, which evolved from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade​ (GATT), is the only global organization that deals with trade rules among nations. A. GLOBE program B. WTO C. IMF D. OECD E. EU

B

When DAX Products wanted to expand and enter the Western European​ market, it established a small manufacturing facility and a sales office in Munich. What method of entering the global market did DAX​ use? A. Licensing B. Foreign subsidiary C. Exporting D. Global sourcing E. A strategic alliance

B

Whenever DAC opens a new sales office in another​ country, it transfers a manager from headquarters to head up the new​ office, believing that foreign managers lack the expertise and skills to make the best decisions for the operation. This reflects​ ________. A. a global​ mind-set B. an ethnocentric attitude C. a geocentric attitude D. supranationalism E. a polycentric attitude

B

Which of the following does NOT describe the​ WTO? A. Its goal is to help countries conduct trade through a system of rules. B. It was formed immediately after World War II and evolved from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade​ (GATT). C. It plays a role in​ monitoring, promoting, and protecting global trade. D. The World Trade Organization negotiates between many trading partners in the world. E. It is a global organization of 164 countries that deals with the rules of trade among nations.

B

Which of the following is LEAST likely a key component of an​ organization's culture? A. Language B. Socialization C. Material artifacts and symbols D. Stories E. Rituals

B

Which of these differences in people is NOT a characteristic of​ surface-level diversity? A. Race B. Personality C. Ethnicity D. Gender E. Age

B

Which term refers to functions performed typically by an older member of the organization for a junior​ member, such as career development and social​ support? A. Recruiting B. Mentoring C. Diversity skills training D. Succession planning E. Diversity awareness training

B

A manager who exhibits parochialism in his or her attitudes might be expected to​ ________. A. have the view that employees in the host country know the best work approaches and practices for running the business B. believe that global businesses need to focus attention on global problems. C. not recognize that others have different ways of living and working D. have a​ world-oriented view that focuses on using the best approaches and people from around​ the globe E. believe that the best work approaches and practices are those of the home country

C

A narrow view in which people see things solely through their own eyes and perspectives is known as​ ________. A. a polycentric attitude B. cultural intelligence C. parochialism D. a geocentric attitude E. monolingualism

C

A new​ employee, Sally, has been receiving some great advice and guidance from an experienced​ coworker, Jill, who has been with the organization for over 20 years. This is an example of​ ________. A. job rotation B. an employee resource group C. mentoring D. job sharing E. diversity skills training

C

An organization at Dell Computer known as Vitrus seeks to support team members whose interests align with the U.S. military or who are veterans. This is an example of​ ________. A. reverse mentoring B. the glass ceiling C. an employee resource group D. mentoring E. diversity skills training

C

At which stage of moral development is morality defined as obeying rules and avoiding negative personal​ consequences? A. Stage 2 B. Stage 4 C. Stage 1 D. Stage 3 E. Stage 5

C

A​ ________ is a multinational company that has a global scope and does not consider any particular country as its​ base, home, or headquarters. A. multidomestic corporation B. joint venture C. transnational organization D. global company E. strategic alliance

C

By​ 2050, what will be the most populous age group in the United​ States, comprising 8 percent of the entire U.S.​ population? A. 25-40 years B. 18-25 years C. 80 years and over D. 65-80 years E. 40-65 years

C

Chi has a very strong belief in his own convictions and thus is likely to act on his own convictions in the workplace rather than those of others. Chi is likely high in​ ________. A. goal achievement B. locus of control C. ego strength D. ethical leadership E. ethics

C

Managers who exhibit a geocentric attitude have a​ ________. A. belief that their way of living and working is better than host country ways B. view that employees in the host country know the best work approaches C. world-oriented view that uses the best approaches and people from around​ the world D. belief that people in foreign countries​ don't have the skills to make wise business decisions E. tendency to ignore​ others' values and customs

C

RVA Electronics has facilities worldwide. Instead of orienting itself toward either the host country or the home​ country, top managers select managers for assignments based on their skills and​ abilities, rather than their nationality or location. This reflects​ ________. A. supranationalism B. a polycentric attitude C. a geocentric attitude D. parochialism E. an ethnocentric attitude

C

The degree to which​ people, themselves, believe they can control their own fates or destinies as well as accept responsibility for any consequences is referred to as​ ________. A. internal ego strength B. external locus of control C. internal locus of control D. values E. external ego strength

C

The​ ________ view of social responsibility is that managers today are employees with a primary responsibility to shareholders and their single focus should be on generating financial returns. A. ethical obligation B. public expectations C. classical D. social responsibility E. socioeconomic

C

The​ pro-globalization argument from the​ mid-1940s until the early 2000s was based on the idea that free trade and open borders created a benefit for all countries. This argument is based on​ _________. A. social responsibility B. the law of competitive advantage C. the law of comparative advantage D. parochialism E. uncertainty avoidance

C

Training that teaches employees about the importance of diversity and shows them how to work in a diverse workplace is referred to as​ ________. A. mentoring B. succession planning C. diversity training D. an employee resource group E. diversity awareness training

C

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of workforce​ diversity? A. Cost savings and improvements in organizational functioning B. Improvements in understanding​ of, and marketing​ to, a diverse marketplace C. Automatic increase in organizational results D. Attracting and retaining employees of diverse backgrounds E. Enhanced​ problem-solving ability

C

The​ Sarbanes-Oxley Act stipulates that any manager convicted of retaliating against a​ whistle-blower can receive​ ________. A. a​ 20% cut in pay B. a​ $1,000 fine and up to 1 year in jail C. up to five years in prison D. a​ ten-year jail sentence E. a​ $500 fine

D

Which of the following organizations developed guidelines for promoting environmental sustainability and disseminates the sustainability reports of green companies​ worldwide? A. Environmental Protection Agency B. OSHA C. Global Reporting Initiative D. World Economic Forum E. International Organization for Standardization

C

Which of the following refers to a firm participating in social actions only to the extent that it meets its economic and legal​ responsibilities? A. Social responsibility B. The classical view C. Social obligation D. Social responsiveness E. Socioeconomic view

C

Which of these actions is NOT a recent​ anti-globalization response? A. Italy turning away African immigrants B. Brexit C. Japan devaluing the yen to increase exports D. President​ Trump's "America​ First" platform E. The U.S. rejecting the​ Trans-Pacific Partnership

C

Which of these arguments favors​ globalization? A. Increased competition can lead to job loss. B. Outsourcing components costs local jobs. C. A rising tide floats all boats. D. Supply chain disruptions can cost millions. E. Globalization creates winners and losers.

C

Which of these techniques is being used by corporations as a deterrent to unethical​ behavior? A. Performance appraisals B. Promoting social entrepreneurship C. Independent social audits D. Social screening E. Green management

C

​Barbara's Baubles produces​ one-of-a-kind jewelry using​ semi-precious gems. Although the owner sells her jewelry exclusively at a small shop in​ Albuquerque, she purchases the gems wherever they are the cheapest. This is an example of​ ________. A. a strategic alliance B. exporting C. global sourcing D. importing E. licensing

C

A social entrepreneur is someone who​ ________. A. believes that a​ manager's primary responsibility is to operate the business in the best interests of the stockholders B. raises ethical concerns and wrongdoing to others C. takes the light green approach to green management D. uses innovative and sustainable business practices to make the world a better place E. engages in social actions because of a sense of obligation to meet particular economic and legal responsibilities

D

All of the following are important global trade mechanisms EXCEPT the​ ________. A. World Trade Organization B. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development C. International Monetary Fund D. European Union E. World Bank Group

D

An employee from a culture with a low degree of power distance would most likely​ ________. A. be highly competitive and often confrontational B. prefer to work for a company with clearly established rules and procedures C. prefer to work in a team environment rather than individually D. expect management to solicit input from employees in making decisions E. view formal feedback as judgmental and discomfiting

D

Apecs Electronics hires and promotes employees who are citizens of the host​ country, believing that the​ "locals" know best. Which global perspective does this​ reflect? A. Monolingualism B. A geocentric attitude C. Parochialism D. A polycentric attitude E. An ethnocentric attitude

D

Environmental disasters have spurred an increasing push toward​ ________. A. values-based management B. social screening C. the classical view D. green management E. unsustainable business practices

D

Gordon has built a lucrative small business by purchasing inexpensive kitchen gadgets from a variety of companies in China and the Far East and selling them at his booth in a popular flea market. This is an example of​ ________. A. a strategic alliance B. licensing C. global sourcing D. importing E. exporting

D

Lockheed​ Martin's slogan​ is, "We never forget who​ we're working​ for." This is an example of how the company uses​ _______ to reinforce its organizational culture. A. ethics B. stories C. rituals D. language E. material artifacts and symbols

D

Recent changes occurring in the U.S. workplace include all of the following EXCEPT​ ________. A. the aging of the population B. the changing population of​ racial/ethnic groups C. the changing components of the population D. a steady decrease in minority populations E. the total increase in the population

D

The extent to which people in a society tolerate or feel threatened by ambiguity is known as​ ________. A. assertiveness B. performance orientation C. power distance D. uncertainty avoidance E. humane orientation

D

The selection process is a chance to learn about an​ individual's standards in greater detail. Which of the following is NOT a standard that should be measured in terms of​ ethics? A. Locus of control B. Ego strength C. Moral development D. Financial background E. Personal values

D

Which of the following are strategic benefits of managing workplace​ diversity? A. Reduced costs and improved system flexibility B. Improved recruiting of diverse employees C. Lower turnover and absenteeism D. Improved market share and enhanced competitive advantage E. Better use of employee talent and increased team​ problem-solving efforts

D

Which of the following is NOT true about LGBT experiences in the​ workplace? A. Over​ 40% of gay and lesbian employees indicate they have been unfairly treated in the workplace due to their sexual orientation. B. U.S. federal law prohibits discrimination against employees on the basis of sexual orientation. C. Over​ 90% of the largest corporations have explicit policies prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation. D. Approximately 12.4 million private sector workers identify themselves as LGBT. E. More than​ one-third of LGBT workers feel they had to lie about their personal lives while at work

D

Which of the following is a global organization of more than 150 countries that deals with the rules of trade among​ nations? A. EU B. OECD C. CAFTA D. WTO E. IMF

D

Which of the following is a true statement about global population and workforce​ changes? A. The United States is now the​ world's oldest major country. B. Changes in the global workforce closely mirror changes in the U.S. workforce. C. The​ world's population is becoming increasingly younger. D. Worldwide, people aged 65 and older will comprise about​ 17% of the population by 2050. E. More than half of the​ world's older people live in the industrialized nations of​ Europe, North​ America, Japan, and Australia.

D

Which of the following is a true statement regarding​ companies' codes of​ ethics? A. When an employee does something​ unethical, managers should punish the individual privately. B. An effective code of ethics will automatically improve an​ organization's ethical climate. C. A code of ethics should be broadly written and subject to interpretation by​ employees, depending on the situation. D. Doing business ethically requires a commitment from managers at all​ levels, but especially the top level. E. Once a​ well-written code of ethics is in​ place, further action is not needed by the company.

D

Which of the following provides a list of the​ world's most sustainable​ companies? A. ISO 14000 B. Global Reporting Initiative C. The American Business Act on Climate Pledge D. Global 100 E. ISO 9000

D

Which of the following would LEAST likely help an organization to facilitate workforce​ diversity? A. Employee resource groups B. Diversity skills training C. Mentoring D. Code of ethics E. Management commitment

D

Which of these groups is projected to be the U.S. racial minority by​ 2044? A. Hispanics B. Asians C. Persons over the age of 89 D. Non-Hispanic whites E. Children below the age of 12

D

Which of these international organization types reflects a polycentric​ attitude? A. A borderless organization B. A multinational firm C. A global company D. A multidomestic corporation E. A transnational firm

D

Which of these options is NOT an ethical test to determine whether a specific action is ethical or​ unethical? A. The family test B. The golden rule test C. The social media test D. The managerial test E. The conscience test

D

Which of these statements about globalization is​ true? A. Open borders and free markets are always beneficial to all nations. B. Globalization always improves​ everyone's standard of living. C. Globalization appears to have increased wages in the U.S. D. Public opinion on the benefits of globalization changes over time. E. Political candidates who support globalization have won most recent major elections.

D

Which of these statements is NOT a true statement about ethics​ training? A. Most new employee ethics training programs last less that two hours. B. Ethics training generally has a positive effect on behavior when a firm also has accountability policies and regular ethics audits. C. One survey of 71 large​ US-based firms found that 70 of them had ethics training programs. D. Ethics training works better when it relies on abstract dilemmas and stories. E. Ethics training works better when combined with top management commitment.

D

Which term refers to a preference for a specific perspective or​ ideology? A. Prejudice B. Stereotyping C. Exclusion D. Bias E. Discrimination

D

​Cindy's Creations is a small producer of decorative​ napkins, placemats, and other tableware. Although all of the products are produced​ domestically, Cindy's Creations sells worldwide through its website. This is an example of​ ________. A. global sourcing B. importing C. a strategic alliance D. exporting E. licensing

D

A manager thinks that all single people can work long hours because they​ don't have a family waiting for them at home. This judging of a person on the basis of​ one's perception of a group to which the person belongs is called​ ________. A. bias B. discrimination C. exclusion D. prejudice E. stereotyping

E

A manager who has an ethnocentric attitude believes​ ________. A. that every foreign operation is​ different, so host country employees must determine best practices B. that host country employees know the best work practices for running a business C. that home country employees lack the skills necessary to run a foreign operation and need help from the foreign subsidiary D. in a​ world-oriented view that focuses on using the best approaches and people from around the globe E. that foreigners lack the skills and knowledge to make effective business decisions as compared to people from the home country

E

According to the​ "four shades of​ green" approach to addressing the​ environment, a company that responds to​ customers' demands in terms of environmentally friendly products has adopted the​ ________ approach. A. enlightened B. legal C. stakeholder D. activist E. market

E

A​ ________ is one in which resources are primarily owned and controlled by the private sector. A. multidomestic corporation B. foreign subsidiary C. planned economy D. joint venture E. free market economy

E

A​ whistle-blower is someone who​ ________. A. protects employees against retaliation from reporting unethical practices B. evaluates management practices in terms of the​ organization's code of ethics and presents the findings directly to the board C. is completely unprotected by the law D. is not a key part of a​ company's ethics program E. overcomes risks and fears to report wrongdoing

E

Both prejudice and stereotyping can lead to someone treating others who are members of a particular group unequally. This is called​ ________. A. the glass ceiling effect B. bias C. exclusion D. reverse mentoring E. discrimination

E

Ethnicity is primarily based on​ ________. A. diversity B. skin color C. personality traits D. biological heritage E. social traits

E

In terms of green​ management, what is the highest degree of environmental​ sensitivity? A. Market approach B. Legal approach C. Light green approach D. Stakeholder approach E. Dark green approach

E

Managers that exhibit a polycentric attitude have the view that​ ________. A. the best way to implement worldwide operations is to use people from around​ the world B. their ways of living and working are better than those of the host country C. people in foreign countries lack essential business knowledge and experience D. global operations are best managed by using the best practices from around the​ world, regardless of origin E. employees in the host country know the best work practices for running a business

E

Recent developments such as the renegotiation of​ NAFTA, Brexit, the election of​ Trump, and the failure of the Trans Pacific Partnership​ (TPP) are signs of​ _________. A. parochialistic attitudes B. decreasing social responsibility C. decreasing uncertainty avoidance D. growing ethnocentric attitudes E. growing​ anti-globalization attitudes

E

Social​ ________ is when a firm engages in social actions because of its duty to meet certain economic and legal responsibilities. A. entrepreneurship B. responsiveness C. responsibility D. screening E. obligation

E

When expanding​ internationally, which of the following methods requires the greatest commitment of company​ resources? A. Importing or exporting B. Licensing or franchising C. Global sourcing D. Setting up a joint venture E. Setting up a foreign subsidiary

E

Which of the following is a true statement about the U.S.​ population? A. The Asian population in the United States is expected to remain static through 2050. B. By​ 2050, the largest age group in the United States will be those aged​ 25-34. C. The number of immigrants in the U.S. population is​ decreasing, and this trend is expected to continue. D. Foreign-born workers in the United States currently account for nearly half of the labor force. E. By​ 2050, whites will account for less than half of the overall population in the United States.

E

Which of these negative stereotypes is often applied to older​ workers? A. They are more stable. B. They are impatient. C. They are lazy. D. They have higher tolerance for change. E. They have lower job performance.

E

Which organization has the goal of promoting international monetary cooperation and can provide temporary loans to help stabilize and strengthen​ economies? A. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development B. World Bank Group C. Global trade mechanisms D. World Trade Organization E. International Monetary Fund

E

Which regional trading alliance was composed of the United​ States, Canada, and​ Mexico? A. CAFTA B. WTO C. ASEAN D. EU E. NAFTA

E

Which term refers to the extent to which people think they control their own​ fate? A. Ego strength B. Ethics C. Structural variability D. Issue intensity E. Locus of control

E