TEST 1

a nutrient is considered essential if _____________________.

-when the nutrient is missing from the diet and a deficiency disease occurs -when the missing nutrient is added back to the diet and the signs and symptoms of deficiency are resolved -if the body does not make the nutrient, or make enough of it to meet its needs

If consumed a total of 1800 kcals per day and 60% came from carbohydrates, how many kcals of carbohydrates are you consuming?

1080 kcals

A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 100 ml water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies _____ kcal.

117

approximately how many grams of carbohydrate are in a sugar-sweetened beverage that supplies 200 kcals and contains no fiber, fat, protein, or alcohol?

50

to establish a nutrient's RDA, nutrition scientists add ___________ of the nutrient to its EAR

a "margin of safety" amount

A kilocalorie is a unit of energy used to describe the amount of energy in a food or beverage. Which definition best describes how much energy is in one kilocalorie?

a kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water by 1º C

Amanda is a three year old who has a condition that is characterized by the inability of her pancreas to produce cholecystokinin. Based on this information, she ____________. a. has difficulty digesting food b. is heavier than average for her height c. absorbs higher than normal amounts of micronutrients d. is taller than most children who are her age

a. has difficulty digesting food

Joe's EER is 2800 kcals per day. according to the new 2015-2020 dietary guidelines for Americans, how many grams of added sugar can joe include in his healthy balanced diet? a. 280 b. 70 c. 50 d. 31

b. 70 (280 calories/4 calories from carbs to get grams)

Which of the following is an example of a whole grain? a. 100% wheat flour b. 100% bran c. 100% whole corn d. 100% whole black beans

c. 100% whole corn

A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula for adults who are healthy, but need to avoid solid food for a while. Based on this information, she is likely to refer to __________________ when developing the new formula. a. exchange lists b. MyPlate c. DRIs d. dietary guidlines (2015-2020)

c. DRIs

Which of the following conditions is NOT a leading cause of death in the US? a. cancer b. stroke c. TB d. heart disease

c. TB

Which of the following statements is false? a. some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach b. the sense of smell contributes to the sense of taste c. peristalsis occurs when villi absorb fat d. mucus protects the lining of the stomach

c. peristalsis occurs when villi absorb fat

Research findings and results that are ______________ are the most reliable? a. reported in a newspaper b. talked about at a community gathering c. published in peer reviewed journal d. addressed on CNN or another news station

c. published in peer reviewed journal

Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represents all MyPlate food groups? a. ready-to-eat cereal with strawberries, blueberries, wheat germ, and fat-free milk b. smoothie made with vanilla yogurt, fat-free milk, orange juice, wheat germ, and fresh peaches c. salad made with hard-cooked eggs, grapes, leaf lettuce, cooked pasta, and cheddar cheese d. sandwich made with Swiss cheese, cooked ham, mayo, and two slices of buttered whole-wheat bread

c. salad made with hard-cooked eggs, grapes, leaf lettuce, cooked pasta, and cheddar cheese

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive (direct) correlation? a. when members of a population consume fewer fruits and vegetables, their risk of high blood pressure increases b. when a population's intake of green tea increases, the percentage of lung cancer cases in that population decrease c. when women gain less weight than average during pregnancy, the birthweights of their babies tend to be lower that average d. when a group of children increases their physical activity levels, the percentage of the children who contract colds decreases

c. when women gain less weight than average during pregnancy, the birthweights of their babies tend to be lower that average

Calculate ranges of caloric intakes for macronutrients by using the AMDRs for a healthy 22-year-old adult who consumes 2500 kcal/day. (carbs- 45-65%, fat 20-35%, protein 10-35%)

carbs- 1,125-1,625 fats- 500-875 protein- 250-875

how many kcals in 1 gram of carbs, protein, fat, alcohol?

carbs- 4 protein- 4 fat-9 alcohol- 7

this hormone _______________ is stimulated by the presence of fat in the small intestine and triggers this organ _______________ to secrete ________________ into the duodenum. this helps slow stomach motility and allows fat to be digested.

cholecystokinin (CCK), gallbladder, bile

Which of the following standards can help you compare nutritional contents of packaged foods to make more healthful choices? a. ULs b. AIs c. RDAs d. %DVs

d. %DVs

Which of the following is the most energy dense? a. 1/2 cup fresh strawberries b. 3 ounces baked chicken c. 8 ounces fat free milk d. 4 ounces chocolate doughnut

d. 4 ounces chocolate doughnut

Which of the following is one of the five overarching guidelines of the 2015-2020 dietary guidelines for Americans? a. increase your intake of fresh fruits and veggies b. eat only sustainably-grown produce c. incorporate whole grains into half of your meals d. focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount

d. focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount

Which of the following statements is true? a. registered dietitians are not required to update their knowledge of nutrition and dietetics regularly b. pseudoscience is the scientific study of the causation and treatment of chronic diseases c. in the US, only registered dietitians can provide nutrition information legally d. the first amendment of the U.S. constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation

d. the first amendment of the U.S. constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation

T/F-- After moving through the ileocecal sphincter unabsorbed water and undigested remains of chyme enter the jejunum?

false

the ____________ sphincter closes after a bolus has been swallowed and enters the stomach. the sphincter is essential to prevent the contents of the stomach reentering the esophagus.

lower esophageal

This sphincter is situated between the esophagus and stomach.

lower esophageal Sphincter

goblet cells produce ___________________

mucus

Scientists enroll 500 healthy adults in a study and collect dietary and other lifestyle info about the group. After 6 years, the scientists determine that study participants who ate at least 5 servings of fruits and veggies daily were less likely to deveolp high blood pressure than participants who ate few than 5 servings of these foods daily. This study is an example of a(n) ______________ study.

prospective

T/F the process of adding vitamins A and D to milk is called fortification

true

T/F-- It is legal for dietary supplement manufacturers to put ingredients with unproven records of safety in the dietary supplements that they sell

true

Which of the following statements is true? a. ppl can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the estimated energy requirement b. ppl who consume less than the tolerable upper intake level of a nutrient have a high risk of developing the nutrient's toxicity disorder c. nutrition scientists have established RDAs for all essential nutrients d. ppl who consume 90% of the RDA for iron regularly are likely to develop an iron deficiency

a. ppl can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the estimated energy requirement

For lunch today Quentin ate a turkey sandwich on whole wheat bread, a small bag of pretzels, and an apple. He also drank a 20-fluid ounce orange-flavored sports drink. Which component of his lunch would be considered a source of empty calories? a. sports drink b. turkey c. pretzels d. whole wheat bread

a. sports drink

Which of the following statements is true? a. the FDA can recall a dietary supplement when there is evidence that it is harmful b. medicinal herbs must undergo testing for safety and effectiveness by the FDA before they can be marketed c. manufacturers of dietary supplements must inform the FTC about negative health reports that may have resulted from the use of their products d. the EPA regulates the labeling of dietary supplements

a. the FDA can recall a dietary supplement when there is evidence that it is harmful

die to a respiratory bacterial infection, Amanda had to take a large spectrum antibiotic for a period of 7 days. At the end of the regimen, her respiratory problem was gone; however, she informed her doctor that she now has diarrhea and other digestive problems. What do you think the doctor will recommend to Amanda to reliever her diarrhea and digestive problems a. prescribe a different antibiotic for her respiratory infection b take probiotics to restore the population of beneficial bacterial she lost due to the antibiotic she was taking c. drink hot water and learn new breathing techniques d. go for a walk and try to exercise more

b take probiotics to restore the population of beneficial bacterial she lost due to the antibiotic she was taking

Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use when designing a scientific investigation to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in calcium during adolescence and developing osteoporosis in older adulthood? a. experimental study b. observational study c. single-blind study d. double- blind study

b. observational study

Which of he following statements is false? a. according to scientific research, most dietary supplements provide considerable health benefits b. The RDS credential is legally protected c. disclaimers are clues that a product is not likely to live up live up to your expectations or the manufacturer's claims d. a person with a PhD who promotes drinking vinegar as the cure for lung cancer is practicing quackery

a. according to scientific research, most dietary supplements provide considerable health benefits

Which of the following is the best dietary recommendation for improving GI transit time and preventing or treating constipation? a. take medication regularly b. increase fiber and fluids c. decrease fiber d. decrease fluids

b. increase fiber and fluids

which of the following is NOT true about water? a. water plays a role in regulation of body temperature b. water is necessary for immune function c. water is an essential nutrient d. water is necessary for elimination of waste from the body

b. water is necessary for immune function

which of the following in NOT a biological or physiological factor that influences a person's food choices? a. age b. perception of food's sensory characteristics c. emotional stress level d hunger

c. emotional stress level

Americans tend to purchase less than the recommended amounts of: a. red meats b. sugary beverages c. fruits d. refined grain products

c. fruits

For several years, Corey has suffered from intermittent abdominal pain along with bouts of diarrhea and constipation. According to Corey, his "bad gut" worsen whenever he is stressed out or eats certain foods, especially raw fruit and baked beans. His doctor has determined that his intestinal tract in not inflamed. based on this info Corey probable has ______________________. a. ulcerative colitis b. Crohn's disease c. irritable bowel syndrome d. GERD

c. irritable bowel syndrome

Scientist would like to conduct a study to identify lifestyle factors that are associated with delayed physical growth among a group of low-income American children. Which of the following research designs would be the best for the researchers to use when designing their study? a. human in vivo experiment b. double-blind c. interventional d. epidemiological

d. epidemiological

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to ________ while he has this illness. a. digest proteins more efficiently b. develop gallstones c. absorb vitamins more rapidly d. lose weight rapidly

d. lose weight rapidly