Test 1 (Chapter 4)

Approximately how many mental disorders does the DSM-5 list?

400 mental disorders

Patients receiving therapy for a psychological problem, on average, experience improvement greater than do ______ of people with similar problems who do not receive treatment.

75 percent

A person with a mental age of 10 and a chronological age of 8 has an IQ of: A) 125. B) 80. C) 150. D) 40.

A) 125.

If a clinician wanted to know more detailed information about a person's functioning in a specific area, the clinician would use: A) a response inventory. B) a validity assessment. C) a measure of reliability. D) standardization.

A) a response inventory.

One of the assumptions of a functional analysis is that: A) abnormal behaviors are learned. B) abnormal behaviors are maladaptive. C) learning about unconscious conflicts will explain a person's abnormal behavior. D) learning the structure of a person's personality will explain his or her abnormal behavior.

A) abnormal behaviors are learned.

Of the people who would qualify for a DSM diagnosis in their lifetime, surveys show what percent would show comorbidity? A) about 28 percent B) about 10 percent C) about 8 percent D) less than 5 percent

A) about 28 percent

Concerns about the reliability and validity of the DSM-5 diagnoses are MOST likely to center on which factors? A) categories based on weak research, and reflecting bias (for example, gender or racial bias) B) categories based on field research, and reflecting bias (for example, gender or racial bias). C) categories that reflect overly restrictive descriptions D) categories too few in number to represent the breadth of human psychological disorders

A) categories based on weak research, and reflecting bias (for example, gender or racial bias)

A friend of yours says, ìI'm not going to the counseling center; my friends will think I'm mentally ill!î Your friend's attitude is: A) common: about one-third of people surveyed expressed a similar opinion. B) very common: over half of people surveyed expressed a similar opinion. C) not very common: about one-tenth of people surveyed expressed a similar opinion. D) rare: only about 2 out of 100 people surveyed expressed a similar opinion.

A) common: about one-third of people surveyed expressed a similar opinion.

Surveys of very successful therapists show that they generally do all of the following EXCEPT: A) disregard ethical principles when they think their clients might benefit. B) help clients focus more on the clients' behaviors. C) pay attention to their interactions with their clients. D) All the answers are true about very successful therapists.

A) disregard ethical principles when they think their clients might benefit.

Because people who exhibit mania have very elevated moods, a new test for mania includes questions about how happy the person feels and how often he or she laughs. This test has: A) face validity. B) content validity. C) construct validity. D) concurrent validity.

A) face validity.

Compared to projective tests, personality inventories generally have: A) greater reliability and greater validity. B) greater reliability and poorer validity. C) poorer reliability but greater validity. D) poorer reliability and poorer validity.

A) greater reliability and greater validity.

A clinician has developed a new assessment tool. Clients write stories about their problems, then two different judges independently evaluate the stories in terms of how logically they are written. For this assessment technique to be useful, there must be: A) high interrater reliability. B) low observer reliability. C) high split-half reliability. D) low testñretest reliability.

A) high interrater reliability.

A new test for anxiety shows consistent levels of anxiety across time for people, but very few people have taken the test, and accurate norms don't exist. The test has: A) high reliability, but inadequate standardization. B) high reliability, and adequate standardization. C) low reliability, and inadequate standardization. D) low reliability, but adequate standardization.

A) high reliability, but inadequate standardization.

An interviewer who asks a client questions such as ìWhere are you now?,î ìWhy do you think you're here?,î or even ìWho are you?î is probably conducting a(n): A) mental status exam. B) behavioral interview. C) sociocultural interview. D) intelligence test.

A) mental status exam.

In order to study the general effectiveness of treatment, Smith and Glass and their colleagues performed a(n): A) meta-analysis of many studies. B) analysis of their clinical cases. C) survey of many clients who had received therapy. D) controlled study that involved random assignment of subjects to treatment conditions.

A) meta-analysis of many studies.

The assessment instrument MOST likely to be used to detect subtle brain abnormalities is the: A) neuropsychological test. B) intelligence test. C) psychophysiological test. D) projective test.

A) neuropsychological test.

Compared to the original DSM, which appeared in the 1950s, the DSM-5 has: A) over five times as many diagnostic categories. B) about twice as many diagnostic categories. C) slightly more diagnostic categories. D) slightly fewer diagnostic categories.

A) over five times as many diagnostic categories.

Dr. Ross and Dr. Carman agree that Suzette is suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder. Their judgment is said to have: A) reliability. B) generalizability. C) external validity. D) internal validity.

A) reliability.

Recently, a client diagnosed with schizophrenia has begun to exhibit more symptoms, often saying, ìThey tell me I'm crazy, so I must be crazy.î MOST likely, this is an example of: A) self-fulfilling prophecy. B) therapist bias. C) learned helplessness. D) nomothetic disturbance.

A) self-fulfilling prophecy.

A cluster of symptoms that go together and define a mental disorder is called a: A) syndrome. B) classification system. C) DSM axis. D) treatment approach.

A) syndrome

The MMPI-2 is considered by many to be superior to the original MMPI because the MMPI-2: A) was tested on a more diverse group of people. B) produces results that are not comparable to the results of the original MMPI. C) has fewer items. D) produces only one score.

A) was tested on a more diverse group of people.

ìI've just experienced overload,î says the participant observer. ìI simply can't: A) write down all the important things I'm seeing.î B) concentrate on my observations anymore.î C) be impartial anymore.î D) be sure the person I'm observing is acting like she usually would.î

A) write down all the important things I'm seeing.î

Imagine that you are asked to give a scientific opinion on the use of polygraphic evidence. Your BEST response would be: A) ìAlthough they are used widely, they are not particularly reliable.î B) ìThe APA endorses their use.î C) ìOn average, 50 out of 100 truths are categorized as lies.î D) ìMost courts admit evidence from polygraphs in criminal trials.î

A) ìAlthough they are used widely, they are not particularly reliable.î

If a clinician is particularly interested in a client's family medical history, that clinician's orientation is MOST likely: A) behavioral. B) biological. C) sociocultural. D) cognitive.

B) biological.

Which of the following tests is a personality inventory? A) Draw-a-Person B) MMPI-2 C) Rorschach D) Thematic Apperception Test

B) MMPI-2

The only test among the following that is NOT a projective test is the: A) Rorschach. B) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. C) Draw-a-Person Test. D) Thematic Apperception Test.

B) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

Of the following statements, which is MOST accurate? A) The DSM in some form has been in use for over 100 years. B) The DSM was originally developed by the American Psychoanalytic Association. C) The DSM served as the model for the classification system Emile Kraepelin later developed. D) The classification system Emil Kraepelin developed served as the model for the DSM.

B) The DSM was originally developed by the American Psychoanalytic Association.

Which of the following statements about the use of projective techniques by today's clinicians is TRUE? A) Projective tests are not used any more. B) The centrality of projective tests has declined since their introduction. C) Current clinicians rely on projective tests as a primary source of insight about their patients. D) Projective tests have a more prominent place in the clinician's repertoire than they did 50 years ago.

B) The centrality of projective tests has declined since their introduction.

Which of the following is the BEST conclusion you could draw about the effectiveness of the various assessment techniques? A) There is one standard assessment battery used by all clinicians. B) When all is said and done, no technique stands out as superior. C) Clinicians have abandoned the use of assessment. D) Assessment is used at the beginning of therapy but not thereafter.

B) When all is said and done, no technique stands out as superior.

An inventory that asks about one's level of anxiety, depression, or anger is a(n) ______ inventory. A) cognitive B) affective C) social skills D) functional

B) affective

The DSM-5 task force and various work groups: A) got going within a year of the publication of the DSM-IV. B) began their work in 2006. C) began their work in 2010. D) won't start their work until 2016, at the earliest.

B) began their work in 2006.

A patient complains of a phobia. Two lines of questioning by the clinician concern the specific object of the phobia and what the person does when he or she confronts that object. This clinician's orientation is probably: A) biological. B) behavioral. C) humanistic. D) sociocultural.

B) behavioral.

ìYou know, it really doesn't matter. One kind of psychotherapy is generally just about as good as any other.î One who agrees with this statement is: A) making an accurate statement about what we know about psychotherapy. B) falling victim to the uniformity myth. C) accurately reflecting the findings of most meta-analyses. D) failing to notice therapeutic rapprochement.

B) falling victim to the uniformity myth.

Support for the use of evidence-based forms of psychotherapy: A) has declined in recent years. B) has increased in recent years. C) has been stable for many years. D) increased a few years ago, but is now declining.

B) has increased in recent years.

A person taking a polygraph test is suspected of lying when measures of physiological variables such as heart rate and perspiration are: A) higher for control than test questions. B) higher for test than control questions. C) evenly high for test and control questions. D) unchanging for test and control questions.

B) higher for test than control questions.

Which category of clinical tests tends to have the BEST standardization, reliability, and validity? A) projective tests. B) intelligence tests. C) response inventories. D) personality inventories.

B) intelligence tests.

A functional analysis involves: A) using projective tests. B) learning about a person's behaviors. C) learning about unconscious conflicts in the client. D) obtaining information about the components of a person's personality.

B) learning about a person's behaviors.

A clinician who is using naturalistic observation would be MOST likely to do which of the following? A) observe parentñchild interactions in an office setting B) observe parentñchild interactions in the family's home C) have a parent self-monitor family interactions in an office setting D) have a parent self-monitor family interactions at home

B) observe parentñchild interactions in the family's home

George is consumed with concern that his house will burn down. Before he leaves, he makes sure that all his appliances are unplugged. He often has to go back home and check to make sure he did not leave any plugged in. Which MMPI-2 scale would he MOST likely score high on? A) schizophrenia B) psychasthenia C) social introversion D) psychopathic deviate

B) psychasthenia

A psychiatrist says, ìI'm a strong believer in a combined approach to therapy. In fact, I frequently participate in combined approaches, although I don't do psychotherapy.î Based on this statement, the MOST likely specialty of the psychiatrist is: A) eclecticism. B) psychopharmacology. C) rapprochement. D) cognitive-behavioral.

B) psychopharmacology.

Which of the following is NOT a procedure that DSM-5 developers relied on to improve reliability? A) conducting field trials for new criteria and categories B) reducing substantially the number of different diagnostic categories C) conducting extensive research reviews D) increasing the number of diagnostic categories and criteria

B) reducing substantially the number of different diagnostic categories

A patient looks at a series of black-and-white pictures, making up a dramatic story about each. The patient is taking: A) the Rorschach. B) the Thematic Apperception Test. C) the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. D) an affective inventory.

B) the Thematic Apperception Test.

When a clinician using the Rorschach focuses on the actual images that a person ìsees,î the clinician is emphasizing: A) style. B) theme. C) color. D) latency to respond.

B) theme.

Studies of diagnostic conclusions made by clinicians show that: A) they overemphasize information gathered early in the assessment process. B) they pay too much attention to some information and too little to other information. C) they don't allow enough of their own expectations to enter into the decision. D) they do not allow their own biases to play a role in their decisions.

B) they pay too much attention to some information and too little to other information.

Your friend says, ìI always trust my first impressions, especially when my first impression of someone is negative.î Based on research dealing with clinical interviews, your BEST answer would be: A) ìYou're absolutely right; that's what the research shows.î B) ìBe careful; the research shows that first impressions, especially negative ones, may be inaccurate.î C) ìYou're partly right; first impressions are usually pretty accurate, but only with favorable first impressions.î D) ìYou're partly right; first impressions usually aren't very accurate, except for unfavorable first impressions.î

B) ìBe careful; the research shows that first impressions, especially negative ones, may be inaccurate.î

Which of the following is NOT a form of neuroimaging? A) MRI B) CAT scan C) GSR D) PET

C) GSR

How does an MRI make a picture of the brain? A) It measures the degree of activity in the various areas scanned. B) It uses X-rays, and pictures are taken at several different angles. C) It relies on the magnetic properties of the atoms in the cells scanned. D) It uses a recording of the electrical impulses produced by the neurons in the brain.

C) It relies on the magnetic properties of the atoms in the cells scanned.

Of the following, who is MOST at risk for misinterpreting a cultural response as pathology? A) an immigrant client B) an ethnic-minority client C) a dominant-culture assessor D) an ethnic-minority assessor

C) a dominant-culture assessor

DSM-5 tried to ensure the validity of the new edition by using all of the following procedures EXCEPT: A) decreasing the number of diagnostic categories. B) increasing the accuracy of predicting future symptoms of disorders. C) consulting with clinical advisors. D) conducting extensive research reviews.

C) consulting with clinical advisors.

One way a clinician might try to reduce observer drift would be to: A) increase the number of different behaviors being monitored. B) try to focus on different aspects of one behavior being monitored. C) decrease the lengths of the observation periods. D) try not to learn too much about a client before making observations.

C) decrease the lengths of the observation periods.

A campus newspaper publishes an ìExam Anxietyî test, which was put together by the newspaper staff one evening just before their publishing deadline. Despite its hasty construction, the test MOST likely has: A) standardization. B) predictive validity. C) face validity. D) a standardization sample.

C) face validity.

Which of the following factors leads to increased respect for assessment and diagnosis? A) the ability to identify disorders without assessment B) more global and less precise DSM-IV-TR categories C) increased assessment research D) decreased emphasis on clinical studies involving ìrealî patients

C) increased assessment research

A college graduate is: A) more likely to seek therapy than someone who goes on to graduate school. B) equally likely to seek therapy as those with a high school education. C) less likely than someone with a postgraduate degree to seek therapy. D) less likely than someone with a high school degree to seek therapy.

C) less likely than someone with a postgraduate degree to seek therapy.

An assessment tool asks individuals to record all the times they feel sad, in order to try to measure tendencies toward depression. However, individuals report wide variation from day to day in terms of the number of ìsadî episodes they record. This assessment tool has: A) high testñretest reliability, and high face validity. B) high testñretest reliability, and low face validity. C) low testñretest reliability, and high face validity. D) low testñretest reliability, and low face validity.

C) low testñretest reliability, and high face validity.

If a clinician is using the ICD to make a diagnosis, MOST likely that clinician is: A) old-fashioned; the ICD has been out-of-date for over 30 years. B) cognitive-behavioral in orientation; the ICD was developed by cognitive-behavioral psychologists. C) practicing outside the United States. D) practicing in the United States.

C) practicing outside the United States.

The movement that has tried to find the common strategies that ìgoodî therapists use is called: A) uniformity. B) particularity. C) rapprochement. D) idiosyncatics.

C) rapprochement.

Imagine that you know you are being observed and you change your behavior in order to make a good impression. This is known as: A) observer drift. B) observer bias. C) reactivity. D) naturalistic change.

C) reactivity

If a clinician is particularly interested in a client's family background and community influences, MOST likely, that clinician's orientation is: A) biological. B) behavioral. C) sociocultural D) cognitive.

C) sociocultural

When Rorschach testers ask questions like, ìDid the person respond to the whole picture or to specific details, and to the colors or the white spaces?î they are interested in the ______of the response. A) theme B) content C) style D) images

C) style

When a person has organic brain impairment, that person would MOST likely have difficulty completing: A) a CAT scan. B) an EEG. C) the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test D) an MRI.

C) the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test

A clinical psychologist you know says, ìHow do I decide on the best treatment? Simple, I make sure to read the most recent research studies in therapy, and follow their advice.î The clinical psychologist you know is: A) typical; almost all therapists read about and use the most current forms of therapy. B) common; most therapists read about and use the most current forms of therapy. C) unusual; most therapists base therapy decisions on something besides what they can read in research journals. D) rare; almost all therapists make treatment decisions based upon what's available on Web sites.

C) unusual; most therapists base therapy decisions on something besides what they can read in research journals.

Those who are MOST likely to have been in therapy at some time in their lives are those: A) with graduate education, and the elderly. B) from the Northeast, and men. C) who are middle-aged, and women. D) who are from the West, and those with a high school diploma only.

C) who are middle-aged, and women.

A person who primarily prescribes medication but does not conduct psychotherapy is called a:

psychopharmacologist.

Surveys show that over 1/3 (33 percent) of Americans: A) think they should be able to deal with their psychological problems on their own. B) would not tell their boss they were receiving mental health treatment. C) would not want to go to a therapist to get a required diagnosis. D) All the answers are correct.

D) All the answers are correct.

Which of the following is a reason to question the validity of clinical interviews? A) People respond differently to different interviewers. B) People may respond differently to clinicians who are not of their race. C) On different days, people might describe themselves differently. D) Clinicians might overemphasize pathology.

D) Clinicians might overemphasize pathology.

If a clinician focused on where you placed your drawing on the page, the size of the drawing, and the parts you omitted, you MOST likely took which of the following tests? A) Rorschach B) TAT C) MMPI D) Draw-a-Person

D) Draw-a-Person

If your friend had her brain waves recorded in order to measure electrical activity, she MOST likely had a(n): A) PET scan. B) MRI. C) CAT scan. D) EEG.

D) EEG.

The test that reports one's results on clinical scales such as ìhypochondriasisî (HS) and ìPsychopathic deviateî (PD) is the: A) Sentence-Completion Test. B) Thematic Apperception Test. C) Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test. D) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

D) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

Which of the following is a valid critique of the use of response inventories? A) Response inventories don't have good face validity. B) Response inventories are not used much these days. C) Response inventories are standardized too rigidly. D) Response inventories are improvised as the need arises and are not well-tested.

D) Response inventories are improvised as the need arises and are not well-tested.

Which of the following differentiates the DSM-5 from earlier versions of the DSM? A) Psychologists, not psychiatrists, are primarily responsible for the DSM-5. B) Psychiatrists, not psychologists, are primarily responsible for the DSM-5. C) The DSM-5 does not require both dimensional and categorical information. D) The DSM-5 requires both dimensional and categorical information.

D) The DSM-5 requires both dimensional and categorical information.

Which of the following is designed to disclose a patient's thoughts and assumptions? A) the MMPI-2 B) the Rorschach C) an affective inventory D) a cognitive inventory

D) a cognitive inventory

The clinical interviewer MOST interested in stimuli that trigger abnormal responses would have what orientation? A) cognitive B) psychodynamic C) humanistic D) behavioral

D) behavioral

Among her other questions, a clinical interviewer asks, ìHow do you feel about yourself today? How do you feel about what's going on in your life?î MOST likely, the clinical interviewer's orientation is: A) biological. B) behavioral. C) psychodynamic. D) humanistic.

D) humanistic.

A strength of intelligence tests include their: A) lack of racial or cultural bias. B) accuracy even when test takers have high anxiety. C) relatively low reliability. D) large standardization sample.

D) large standardization sample.

Standardizing and combining the findings of many different studies is called: A) outcome study. B) rapprochement. C) eclecticism. D) meta-analysis.

D) meta-analysis.

A clinician has developed a test that requires test takers to tell stories about a series of pictures of city skylines. MOST likely, this new test is a A) neuropsychological test. B) personality inventory. C) response inventory. D) projective test.

D) projective test.

An institutionalized individual behaving abnormally says, ìThe doctor claims I'm schizophrenic! How else would you expect me to act?î The individual's comments reflect: A) misdiagnosis. B) reading-in-syndrome. C) a misunderstanding of multiaxial diagnosis. D) self-fulfilling prophecy.

D) self-fulfilling prophecy.

If a clinician begins by asking, ìWould you tell me about yourself?î the clinician is MOST likely conducting a(n): A) mental status exam. B) interview schedule. C) structured interview. D) unstructured interview.

D) unstructured interview.

A friend says to you, ìI wonder how likely I am to qualify for a DSM diagnosis in my lifetime.î Based upon survey results, your MOST accurate answer would be (assuming your friend is ìtypicalî): A) ìUnlikely; about 10 percent of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis.î B) ìSomewhat unlikely; about 20 percent of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis.î C) ìPretty likely; about one-third of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis.î D) ìLikely; almost half of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis.î

D) ìLikely; almost half of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis.î

When someone is watching, Jennifer actually eats fewer sweets than usual. This tendency to decrease a behavior while being observed is an example of:

reactivity

Among the following, the test with the highest validity in identifying psychological disturbances is the:

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Test.

How difficult is it for a typical person to buy an intelligence test, or view Rorschach cards?

Not difficult at all; one can buy intelligence tests and view Rorschach cards online.

If a graph shows the years of the twentieth century along the horizontal axis, and confidence in assessment of abnormalityófrom low confidence to high confidenceógoing up the vertical axis, then confidence in assessment of abnormality over the past 50 years would be a(n):

U-shaped function high, then low, then high.

A clinical diagnostician is dissatisfied with tests that cannot specify the type of brain damage or brain impairment that clients have. Your BEST suggestion for that diagnostician would be to use:

a battery of neuropsychological tests.

A clinician can include three kinds of information in making a diagnosis: a diagnostic category, a severity rating for the disorder, and additional information about possibly relevant medical conditions and sociocultural factors. According to the DSM-5, a clinician is required to include:

a diagnostic category and a severity rating, but not additional information.

Under the instructions of a psychologist, Tina's mother records the number of times Tina hits her brother at home, and what happens immediately prior to the hitting. In this situation, Tina's mother is:

a participant observer

If a new test for anxiety is normed on individuals who are waiting to take introductory psychology final exams, the new test is surely lacking:

adequate standardization

When graduate schools choose students based on test scores, college grades, and relevant experience, they are engaging in:

assessment

The DSM-5 is the first edition of the DSM that requires clinicians to provide:

both categorical information and dimensional information.

The existence of disorders such as koro, susto, amok, and windigo remind us that:

classifications applied in one culture may not be appropriate in another.

The process of evaluating a person's progress after being in treatment is called a:

clinical assessment

A response inventory that asks individuals to provide detailed information about their typical thoughts and assumptions is a(n):

cognitive inventory

The technique that uses X-rays of the brain taken at different angles to create a static picture of the structure of the brain is called:

computerized axial tomography.

If a new test for assessing anorectic tendencies produces scores comparable to those of other tests for assessing anorectic tendencies, then the new test has high:

concurrent validity

Dr. Martin has just asked a potential client to talk about herself. As she responds, the doctor's next question is based on some interesting point she brought up. There are few constraints on the conversation. Dr. Martin has just:

conducted an unstructured interview

After some people are told their DSM diagnoses, their ìsymptomsî appear to stay the same or even get worse. Many theorists would attribute this to the development of:

crises of faith

An adult frequently displays symptoms of depression at home, but seldom does so at work. In this case, clinical observations of this person at home would lack:

cross-situational validity

The MOST legitimate criticism of intelligence tests concerns their:

cultural fairness

Deciding that a client's psychological problems represent a particular disorder is called:

diagnosis

Assessment tools such as the Severity of Illness Rating Scale are used to provide what kind of information for making a diagnosis?

dimensional

Studies show that errors in diagnosis MOST commonly involve information gathered:

early in the assessment process, and in a hospital setting.

A clinical psychologist you know says, ìHow do I decide on the best treatment? Simple, I make sure to read the most recent research studies in therapy, and follow their advice.î The clinical psychologist believes in using:

evidence-based treatment

Therapies that have received clear research support are called:

evidence-based.

If it were necessary to get the clearest and most accurate picture of the physical anatomy of the brain in order to aid in the diagnosis of a psychological disorder, the method of choice would be:

fMRI.

The greater reliability of the DSM-5 over earlier versions is MOST likely because of its:

field trials of new criteria and categories.

Compared to projective tests, personality inventories:

have higher validity

If you consulted a pro-anorexia site on the Internet, you would learn about:

how to be a better anorexic.

A mental health practitioner attempts to learn about the behavior and emotional state of each client. This approach to abnormal psychology is called:

idiographic

The major focus of a clinical practitioner when dealing with a new client is to gather what type of information?

idiographic

Binet and Simon are known for their work in creating a(n):

intelligence test

A panel of psychologists and psychiatrists evaluates the test results and clinical interviews of a client in a sanity hearing. They all arrive at the same diagnosis. The panel has high:

interrater reliability.

Studies show that if you want the MOST accurate assessment of a psychological disorder, what is better, judgments of clinicians or computer models and actuarial tables?

judgments of computer models and actuarial tables; they're about 10 percent more accurate

Personality assessment using projective tests is designed to:

learn about unconscious conflicts in the client.

A friend of yours is required to take a polygraph test as part of a job application. This requirement is:

legal; in fact, in some employment categories, polygraph use may be on the increase.

A client is hooked up to an apparatus that measures galvanic skin response and blood pressure, after which the client verbally answers a series of questions. The type of clinical test being used is:

psychophysiological

DSM-5 is the classification system for abnormal behaviors that is:

most widely used in the United States.

A therapist's preferred method of assessing abnormal behavior is to watch clients in their everyday environments and record their activities and behaviors. This approach is known as:

naturalistic observation.

A present-day clinician uses terms like ìdementiaî and ìmental retardationî for diagnostic categories. That clinician is using terms:

not used in the DSM-5 but used in previous forms of the DSM.

The knowledge that a person a clinician is about to interview has already been diagnosed as having an anxiety disorder could lead to:

observer bias

In DSM-5, which of the following diagnostic categories would no longer be considered an anxiety disorder?

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Clients check off either ìAppliesî or ìDoes Not Applyî to a series of 200 items dealing with what they do and what they think in a variety of situations. The kind of test they are taking MOST likely is a:

personality inventory

Use of projective tests has decreased in the past few decades because projective tests often have:

poor validity

A new assessment tool does a good job of differentiating those who later will be depressed and those who will not be depressed, and it produces results similar to those of other tools measuring depression. Therefore, the new assessment tool has good:

predictive validity

A test is constructed to identify people who will develop schizophrenia. Of the 100 people the test identifies, 93 show signs of developing schizophrenia within five years. The test may be said to have high:

predictive validity

Youssef is the kind of person who breaks laws and rules with no feeling of guilt and is emotionally shallow. He would probably score high on the MMPI-2 scale called:

psychopathic deviate

A client reports having infrequent, but extremely disturbing, tactile hallucinations. The MOST useful of the following ways to gather information about this person would involve:

self-monitoring

ìLet's just do away with diagnosis,î says a clinician, ìall we do is make things worse.î That clinician's viewpoint is:

shared by some of those working in the area of abnormality.

An inventory that asks about how one would act with others in a variety of situations is a(n) ______ inventory.

social skills

Another term for developing norms for an assessment tool is:

standardization

Symptoms such as sadness, loss of appetite, and low energy cluster together to form a:

syndrome

Studies show that most therapists these days are MOST likely to learn about the latest information on treatment of psychological disorders from:

talking with professional colleagues.

Those who are MOST likely to visit ìsuicide sitesî on the Internetósites that celebrate suicide and describe ways to commit suicideóare:

teenagers and young adults, who are at high risk for imitative suicidal behavior.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (presently DSM-5) was developed by:

the American Psychiatric Association.

Clinical interviews are the preferred assessment technique of many practitioners. One particular strength of the interview process is:

the change to get a general sense of the client

One limitation of the clinical interview as an assessment tool is that:

the client may give an overly positive picture.

The term used to refer to the comprehensive view of the causes and the maintenance of a person's abnormal behavior that a psychologist develops is:

the clinical picture

The assumption behind the use of projective tests as assessment tools is that:

the responses come from the client's unconscious.

There has been a recent increase in attention to and research in assessment. That said, use of effective assessment tools may be decreasing because:

they are expensive to administer and evaluate.

A prisoner eligible for parole is required to take a polygraph test. Although the prisoner tells the truth in response to one question, the polygraph operator records the response as a lie. According to recent research, this kind of error is:

unusual; less than 10 percent of true statements are interpreted as lies.

A student who is quiet in class might be the life of the party on the weekend. Clinical observation of that student in class would lack:

validity