Test 2

are warm and supportive

Permissive parents are poor at communicating but

Their descriptions become more concrete (e.g., the "preppy" group becomes "the PlayStation crowd")

Over the course of adolescence, which of the following is not true of changes that take place in crowds?

social capital

the interpersonal resources availble to an adolscent or family

violation of expectations

Bobby's parents expect him to tell them everything. However, now that he's 13 years old, he feels entitled to keep secrets from them. What has this discrepancy been referred to as?

"druggies"

Compared to jocks, adolescents from which of the following crowds experience more peer pressure to misbehave?

students in small schools are more likely to participate in school activities.

Comparisons of large and small schools reveal that:

Cory most likely has authoritative parents and Jerry most likely has authoritarian parents.

Cory is more responsible, more self-assured, more adaptive, more creative, and more intellectually curious than most of her peers. Jerry, on the other hand, is very dependent, more passive, less socially adept, less self-assured, and less intellectually curious than most of his peers. According to the textbook, what is the best way to explain this difference?

authoritative

Joshua's parents set rules for him, but he feels that when a rule seems unfair, he can discuss it with his parents and, even if they don't agree to change the rule, they at least listen to his opinions. Joshua's parents fit best into which of the following parenting styles?

relational aggression

Karen, a ninth-grader, was mad at Cheryl for spilling juice on Karen's shirt. Karen spread a rumor that Cheryl had gossiped about her friends. Karen is using _____ to express her aggression toward Cheryl.

patterns of leisure activity.

Peers usually have more influence than parents on matters of:

the zero-tolerance approach.

The recent, get-tough approach to dealing with violence in schools that has been hotly debated among researchers is known as:

the quality of the parent-child relationships at home

The textbook states that _________ is the most critical influence on adolescents' adjustment.

Parental

________ involvement has been found to enhance the adjustment of low-income students in their transition to middle school.

demandingness

Which parenting characteristic is more prevalent among ethnic minorities?

crowds.

"Druggies," "jocks," and "nerds" are examples of:

all of these problems.

Adolescents who have ADHD are at risk for:

instrumental aggression; reactive aggression

Adolescents who use aggression deliberately, known as ________, are much more popular than adolescents who use aggression without planning to, known as __________.

authoritarian.

A child's father is not very affectionate and demands that the child not speak to an adult unless spoken to, that he/she always put away one toy before taking out another, and that soft drinks be consumed only on special occasions. This child's father can be described as

a cohort

A group of individuals who are born during a particular time period (e.g., the baby boomers) is known as what?

1 out of 4

According to a national survey, how many students in American public schools have been victims of violence?

All of these are true.

According to the Family Systems Model, financial strain increases mothers' and fathers'______, which, in turn, make parents more irritable, which adversely affects the quality of their parenting.

40%

According to the textbook, approximately _____ of American children will experience their parents' divorce

mainstreaming.

Although Chris is significantly delayed developmentally he goes to a regular grade school; takes classes in social studies, music, and physical education with the non-handicapped students; and goes to special classes to learn about reading and arithmetic. This situation is an example of:

hostile attributional bias.

Dan planned a party and invited his whole English class by passing out personal invitations. Dan accidentally forgot to make an invitation for Sam. Sam assumed he intentionally wasn't invited and became irate at Dan for excluding him. This is an example of:

both selection and socialization.

Dawn has always enjoyed school and excelled in her classes. In middle school, she has connected with a group of friends who also enjoy school and her grades have continued to improve. They often spend time studying together. This is an example of:

diminished social competence.

Esther has been rejected by her peers because she is withdrawn. Esther is most likely to be at risk for:

active school involvement.

Felicia has a problematic relationship with her parents. All of the following negative effects are likely to occur for Felicia, except:

baby boom.

Following the end of World War II, many parents wanted to have children as soon as possible, creating what has come to be called the postwar:

All of these are correct.

Growing up, Jessica's parents had a lot of marital conflict. At times Jessica was even exposed to some domestic violence. Jessica is likely to develop which of the following problems?

more; than

In comparison with teenagers in previous times, teenagers in contemporary societies spend ________ time with their peers ________ with their parents.

same sex; opposite sex

In early adolescence, _____ friendships are most common, and in late adolescence, _____ friendships are common.

teaching social skills like self-expression and leadership techniques

Interventions designed to help unpopular adolescents improve their social skills have employed which of the following techniques?

sex segregation

Jamie is a preadolescent. Her friendship circle is largely comprised of other young girls. Based on this information, what has Jamie's social life been influenced by?

obtain government-subsidized school vouchers to use for private school tuition

Kelly's parents are disappointed with the education she is receiving in her public high school, so they have been investigating alternative options. Assuming Kelly's parents are financially strapped but want to send her to a private school, which of the following should they do?

the self-fulfilling prophecy.

Kerry and Kristie's teacher accidentally got their test scores mixed up and mistakenly thought that Kerry was the more intelligent of the two girls. At the end of the year, her records demonstrated that, indeed, Kerry had gained more and performed at a higher level than Kristie. This is best thought of as an example of:

greater family cohesiveness than other adolescents his age

Luis's family has lived below the poverty level his entire life. Research suggests that Luis is likely to experience all of the following, except:

familism

Many immigrant families place an especially high value on _____, an orientation in which the needs of one's family take precedence over the needs of the individual

authoritative

Ms. Willingham sets high standards for her students but is very responsive to their needs. What type of teaching style is this characteristic of?

fewer than 60%

Of the students who enter college, what percentage complete their degrees within six years?

they have very different family experiences, both through differential treatment by parents and their own perceptions of similar experiences.

One potential reason that Mallory and Mikey, a brother and sister growing up in the same family, have completely different personalities may be that:

may also be experiencing identity crises of their own.

One reason that the adolescent years may constitute a difficult period of adjustment is that parents:

less common than

Online harassment is ________ in-person harassment.

appear to maintain positive, supportive, and mutually respective relationships with parents.

Research on the nature of parent-adolescent relationships reveals that most adolescents:

charter school

Samantha attends a public school that has a great deal of freedom to set its own curriculum. This type of school is referred to as what in your textbook?

relational aggression

Sarah is a popular teenage girl who has just been made captain of the cheerleading squad. She is very socially adept, and notices that Britney, her social rival, is starting to enjoy more attention from their peers than Sarah receives. Jealous, she decides to start a rumor about Britney that she knows will cause many people to stop liking Britney. Sarah's behavior is best described as an example of what?

middle school, junior high school, and high school

Secondary education refers to:

a clique.

Steve eats lunch with Jeff, Hans, and Mike every day. After school, they play computer games and talk about girls. This group of boys is called:

Susannah may have trouble making friends. She is more likely to drop out of school. She will have more trouble coping with school. All of these are correct.

Susannah's school psychologist has recently determined that Susannah has a learning disability. Her parents are concerned about the effects this will have. Which effect should the psychologist warn her parents about?

the degree of conflict between parents.

The factor that seems most important in influencing how well children adjust to divorce over time is:

more troubled family relationships. more troubled peer relationships. greater difficulty controlling aggression. All of these are correct.

The following is often a trademark of persistent bullies:

remains very wide.

The gaps in achievement between Black and Hispanic students, on the one hand, and White and Asian students, on the other hand,

tracking.

The process of separating students into different levels of classes within the same school is called:

more than two-thirds

Today, _____ of high school graduates enroll in college immediately after graduation.

parent-child conflict.

Victims of cyberbullying often report all of the following adjustment problems, except:

nonshared environment

What factors would explain the fact that Dorothy and Rose, sisters who are only 1 year apart in age, have different memories of their family life as they were growing up?

Adolescents who engage in traditional bullying often also engage in cyberbullying

Which of the following is a common finding of recent cyberbullying studies?

school climate

Which of the following is most important in influencing adolescents' learning and psychosocial development?

All of these statements are ways that adolescents' behavior is affected by their crowd membership

Which of the following is not a way that adolescents' behavior is affected by their crowd membership?

Mothers' mental health declines when they enter the "empty nest stage."

Which of the following statements about parents of adolescents is not true?

Siblings are likely to be closer in families under economic stress than in affluent families.

which of the following statements concerning sibling relationships is false?

hostile attributional bias

Even though it was clear that another student, Raul, accidentally pushed Noah, he insisted that Raul did it on purpose. What phenomenon is this?

peers.

Judy and Jessica hang around people their same age. These people are most accurately described as:

on how to wear his hair

Mark is a teenager who generally respects his parents. On which of the following issues, however, is Mark most likely to side with his friends and against his parents?

a crowd.

Mitch organizes a party for about 20 of his classmates who are all interested in theater, and they all watch a tape of the musical The Phantom of the Opera. This group of teenagers, who don't always hang out together, but share common interests, would most appropriately be labeled:

dyslexia

impaired ability in reading or spelling

No Child Left Behind Act.

President George W. Bush's 2002 mandate that all children, regardless of economic circumstance, achieve academic proficiency is called the:

the need to have a set of common standards across all 50 states

President Obama's education secretary suggested what to address the problem of the state-dependent standards in the No Child Left Behind act?

authoritarian

Tammy's father has absolute standards and expects Tammy to conform to them without exception. If she disobeys he generally punishes her, and sees no reason why he should explain his rules to Tammy. Instead, his response is, "I'm the father and I love you. I know what's best for you." Her father is best described as having what kind of parenting style?

self-fulfilling.

The idea that an individual's behavior is influenced by other's expectations for them is a description of

social promotion

The practice of moving students from one grade to the next regardless of their academic performance is known as what?

age grading

The process of grouping individuals within social institutions on the basis of chronological age is called:

"populars"

Tommy values education and works hard in school but also enjoys hanging out with his friends on the weekend. Which peer crowd is Tommy most likely to belong to?

Adolescents perceive fathers as more controlling than their mothers

Which of the following statements about the way in which teenagers relate to mothers and fathers is false?

dyscalculia

impaired ability in arithmetic

dysgraphia

impaired ability in handwriting