test 2
ideas, problems
brainstorming is a technique used to help groups generate multiple _________ and alternatives for solving _________
incivlity
bullying and interactional injustice are forms of
one day per month
according to researchers, about how much time do employees spend on conflict in a month
communication
according to the contact hypothesis, the key to decreasing intergroup conflict is
better performance
according to the definition of positive OB, which is its desired end result
goal
an intention represents an end point or desired _______ you want to achieve
devils advocacy
assigning someone in an organization or group the role of critic is known as
trust
attempts at positivity that lack sincerity can erode __________ as they undermine your credibility
mindfulness
attentional deficit and attentional hyperactivity are two key inhibitors of:
meaningfulness
belonging to and serving something that you believe is bigger than the self is
hope
both willpower and way power are needed to have
maximization
converts win-win to win-lose
satisficing
deciding to select a solution that meets some minimum, adequate qualifications is ________
reduction
elimination specific negative interactions such as name calling is a method of conflict________
achievement
enhanced self esteem, self-efficacy and mastery are a result of pursuing
conflict
escalation of ______ leads to increasing intensity and cycles of provocation that results in the replacement of substantive debate with extreme positions
puffery
exaggerating the value of what is being given or given up, the importance of issues
attentional hyperactivity
frantically trying to figure out how you will balance all of your work, study, and family commitments during a class is an example of
efficacy
greater ____________ makes youu both more confident and more positive
the delphi technique
group process that anonymously generates ideas or judgements from physically dispersed expert is
alternatives
if the chosen ______ fails to solve the problem, managers can try another solution
make people defensive
in resolving conflict using judgmental languageL
personality conflict
interpersonal opposition based on personal dislike or disagreement is an
decision tree
is a graphical representation of the process underlying decisions that shows the consequences of making various choices
creative outcome effectiveness
joint novelty and usefulness of a product or service as judged by others is
cognitive
judgmental heuristics are the ____ shortcuts we use to simplify the decision making process
support a decision made intuitively
least effective way to use evidence based decision making is to
processes
members interactions aimed at working through task and interpersonal disagreements are conflict _________
conflict
occurs when a group perceives that its interests are being disputed by another
mindfulness
paying focused attention to what a co-worker is saying is an example of how _______ improves interpersonal communication
conceptual
people who have a high tolerance for ambiguity and focus on people and the social aspects of a work situation have the _________ decision making style
analytical
people who have a high tolerance for ambiguity and focus on tasks and technical concerns have the ________ decision-making style
behavioral
people who have a low tolerance and focus strongly on people and the social aspects of a work situation have which of the following decision-making styles?
directive
people who have a low tolerance for ambiguity and are task oriented when making decisions have which decision-making style
social support
positive relationships fuel the giving and receiving of
deception
promises or threats, excessive initial demands careless misstatements of facts
victorious leadership
recent research has shown a relationship between outcomes like financial performance, customer satisfaction, positive organizational climate and
negative
research on the contact hypothesis has shown that intergroup friendships are desirable, but are readily overpowered by ______ intergroup reactions
contact
research with students from germany, Belgium, and England demonstrated that ______ did reduce prejudice
lies
subject matter includes limits, authority to bargain, time pressures, and available resources
balance
takin a break is a good way to regroup and recover your _____ in a negotiation
availability bias
tendency to base decisions on information that is recent and easily recalled from memory is
escalation of commitment bias
tendency to stick to an ineffective course of action when it is unlikely that a bad situation can be reversed
framing bias
that customers prefer meat that is sold as "85% lean" instead of "15% fat" is an example of
forgiveness
the ability to abandon justified resentment and adopt positive, forward-looking approaches in response to harm or damage is
hindsight bias
the bias that occurs when knowledge of previous outcomes influences decisions about the probability of fututre occurrences is
forgivness
the capacity to foster collective abandonment or justified resentment, bitterness, and blame and instead adopt forward-looking approaches in response to harm or damage is
optimism
the characteristic that is the minds way to motivate us to move forward in the face of uncertainty is
negotiation
the collaborative decision making process involving two or more parties with different preferences is
well being
the combined impact of positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and achievement is
amplifying effect
the concept that positive practices escalate positive outcomes because of their association with positive emotions and social capital is known
between groups
the contact hypothesis is concerned with interaction
flourishing
the extent to which our lives contain PERMA is
bounded rationality
the idea that decision makers are limited by various constraints during the decision-making process is the non-rational model know as
attentional deficit
the inability to focus on what is happening right now is
involuntary; voluntary
the intuition model is based on two distinct processes a _______ one and ________ one that is its opposite
information
the limitations under which managers make decisions result in acquiring manageable rather than optimal amounts of __________
rational
the non ______ models of decision making explains how managers really come to decisions
creativity
what is the process of producing new and useful ideas concerning products, services, processes, and procedures
virtuous leadership
what organizations and individuals aspire to be when they are at their very best is called
reached consensus
when all members of a group either agree with a decision or are able to support it, they have
flex space
when company polocieis enable employees to work from different locations, companies are using
anchoring bias
when decision makers are influenced by the first information they receive even if it is irrelevant it is
arbitration
when disputing parties agree ahead of time to accept the binding decisions of a trained neutral third party it is
better performance
when organizations employ the positivity effect, the result is often
groupthink
when people who are members of a cohesive in-group so strive for unanimity that they fail to realistically appraise alternative courses of action it is
results in work family conflict
when the demands from work and family domains are mutually incompatible
goal displacement
when winning an argument with a rival overshadows the primary goal of trying to solve the problem it is known as
opportunity
when you can possibly produce results that surpass goals it is an
decision making
when you pinpoint and pick a solution that best solves a problem, this is
mindlessness
when your attention is decreased and expressed as thoughtless behavior, you are experiencing a state of
obliging
which type of conflict handling style produces better results in new product development
resiliency
the ability to bounce back from adversity and sustain yourself in the face of the demands of positive events is
behaviors, feelings
the continual, reinforcing process where your positive ______,________, and attitudes feed your own and those of others is known as an upward spiral of positivity
rational
the decision making model that assumes managers are fully objective and have all information they need to make a decision is the _______ decision model
representatives bias
the decision-making heuristic used when people estimate the probability of an event occurring based on impressions about similar occurrences
tolerance for ambiguity
the extent to which a person has a high need for structure and control in his or her life is known as
value orientation
the extent to which an individual focuses on either task and technical concerns or people and social concerns in making decisions is
engagement
the extent to which you are physically, cognitively, and emotionally involved with an activity is ______
alternative dispute resolution
the method of dispute resolution that is faster and more user-friendly instead of traditional approaches
evidence based decision making
the process of conscientiously using the best available data when making managerial decisions
anger, fear, rejection
the reason people often avoid conflict are they fear:
cohesiveness
the sense of "we-ness" that overrides individual differences and motives in a group is
flow
the state of being completely involved in an activity for its own sake is
has both positive and negative outcomes
Start in the 1970s OB experts came to understand that conflict:
functional conflict
This is a constructive or cooperative altercation characterized by consultative interactions, a focus on the issues, mutual respect, and useful give and take.
finding the desired solution
When members are using the rational model and optimizing as they make decisions, they are
intuition
When you make a decision that comes to mind without clear awareness or evaluation of the evoking cues
functional
________ conflict can lead to problem solving
positive; negative
________ emotions help combat ________ emotions
problem
a _______ is the divide between an actual and a desired situation
automated experience
a choice that is made based on a well known situation and a partly subconscious application of previously learned information is
integrative negotiation
a creative approach that seeks mutual gain for all parties is
electronic
a form of ________ brainstorming known as brainwriting allows participants to submit their ideas over a computer network
alternative dispute resolution
a more user friendly, constructive and lower cost method of handling conflicts between managers and employers is
prosocial behavior
a positive act that is done without expectation of something in return is
psychological capital
a set of personal characteristics that helps us to be resilient in the face pf difficulties is
psychological safety climate
a shared belief held by team members that the team is a safe place for interpersonal risk taking and that those who do will not be rejected or punished is
holistic hunch
choosing to make a decision because it just feels right is using an
decision support systems
computer-based interactive systems that help decision makers use data and models to solve problems are
work-family
conflict can be reduced if employees have a supportive family to share responsibilities at home
programmed conflict
conflict that offers different opinions outside of managers personal feelings is
mindguards
the symptom of groupthink that protects against adverse information
decision making style
the way an individual perceives stimuli and the general manner in which he or she responds to it us a
optimists
those who are both realistic and flexible are
integrating
to reduce turnover, which of the following would be the most effective style of conflict handling
true
true or false Consensus does not require unanimous agreement
true
true or false the goal of decision making is to find a solution that leads to a desired state of affairs
false
true or false whether your own supervisor supports the idea of flextime is not important; as long as there is a company policy that does support it, employees will utilize it
false
true or false: only individuals can demonstrate dominating conflict handling style
dialectic method
using a structured debate to foster opposing viewpoints prior to making a decision is the