Test #3
A) crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence B) fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence C) the g factor; specific mental abilities D) specific mental abilities; the g factor C
Regarding theories of intelligence, Charles Spearman believed that _____ was (were) MOST important and Thurstone believed that _____ was (were) MOST important.
A) sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory B) short-term memory, sensory memory, long-term memory C) short-term memory, long-term memory, sensory memory D) long-term memory, sensory memory, long-term memory A
According to the three-stage model of memory, in what sequence does incoming information flow through memory?
A) anterograde; recall long-term memories from the time prior to surgery B) anterograde; form new long-term memories after surgery C) retrograde; recall long-term memories from the time prior to surgery D) retrograde; form new long-term memories from the time prior to surgery B
After surgery to reduce the impact of epileptic seizures, H. M. suffered from _____ amnesia, meaning that he was unable to _____.
NOT "hippocampus; increase"
As explicit memories age, participation by the _____ tends to _____.
All the answers are correct.
The Stanford-Binet test was not suitable for measuring adult intelligence because _____.
there was broken glass at the scene and the cars were traveling at higher speeds
The research by Loftus and Palmer (1974) on the misinformation effect revealed that participants were more likely to say _____ if the word "smashed" (rather than "hit") was included in the question about the traffic accident they had seen on film.
reliability
A test in which the test scores are consistent is said to have a high degree of _____.
validity
A test that measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of _____.
A) determine which children were above average in intelligence B) remove from the school system those children deemed uneducable C) diagnose children who were subnormal and likely to experience problems in school D) measure the correlation between physical abilities and intelligence C
Binet and Simon developed an intelligence test for the French school system to _____.
source misattribution
Cecily dreamed that she returned her library book, but in reality, she had not returned her book. She was surprised when she found the book in her car several days later. She was sure she remembered returning the book. This memory failure is likely due to _____.
All the answers are correct.
David Wechsler determined that the Binet-Simon intelligence test was inadequate because _____.
A) it takes more time and more time means more memory B) it provides more retriveval cues when we need to recall information C) it is more difficult to do, and the extra energy required tells the brain "remember this" D) it requires the use of mnemonic devices that improve recall B
Elaborative rehearsal is more effective than maintenance rehearsal because _____.
A) from sensory to short-term memory B) from short-term memory to sensory memory C) from long-term memory to short-term memory D) both sensory to short-term memory and long-term memory to short-term memory A
Encoding refers to which of the following transfers of information?
A) 1;1 B) 1;4 C) 3;1 D) 3;4 A
For most Americans, the acronym USA is _____ chunk(s) of information; the date 1776 is _____ chunk(s) of information.
the amount of information that can be held in short-term memory
George Miller is credited with determining _____.
A) the self-reference effect B) the encoding specificity principle C) state-dependent memory D) mood-congruence memory B
Godden and Baddeley (1975) determined that participants recalled more information when their study and test environments matched. Which of the following BEST explains this effect?
A) Fran should distribute her studying over the entire preparation interval instead of cramming the night before the exam. B) Fran should continue studying the material past the point of inital learning. C) Fran should praticice retrieving the material while studying. D) All the answers are correct. D
If Fran wants to do her best on the next psychology exam, which study technique(s) should she use?
A) multiple choice B) open book C) essay D) take home C
If a professor is testing your recall ability, she is MOST likely to use _____ exams.
NOT "All the answers are correct."
If a test has been standardized, it has _____.
A) both a primacy and recency effect B) a primacy effect but not a recency effect C) a recency effect but not a primacy effect D) neither a primacy nor a recency effect NOT "both a primacy and recency effect"
If people are forced to rehearse all words on a list equally, followed by freely recalling the words, the serial position curve is likely to reveal _____.
30 seconds
If we do not concentrate on the information in short-term memory, it will be lost after approximately _____.
the self-reference effect
If you better remember the words "happy" and "cheerful" from a list of words because they are characteristics you embody, you are likely experiencing _____.
content validity
If your psychology test included material that was not assigned or covered in class, you could MOST reasonably argue that the test lacked which of the following?
A) listen for a tone, and report only those letters in the row signaled by the tone B) listen for a tone, and report all letters they could remember from the entire matrix C) report all letters they could remember from the entire matrix D) view a second matrix and report only those letters that were in both matrices C
In Sperling's full-report procedure, after viewing a matrix of letters for less than 1 second, what were participants asked to do?
A) retrograde; explicit; cerebellum B) anterograde; implicit; cerebellum C) retrograde; implicit; hippocampus D) anterograde; explicit; hippocampus D
Individuals suffering from _____ amnesia are unable to store new _____ memories that are believed to be processed in the _____.
episodic
Infantile/child amnesia is the inability of adults to remember events that occurred before about 3 years of age. This means that adults have no _____ memories for this time period.
A) 1 B) 3 C) 5 D) 7 B
It has been estimated that the long-term storage capacity of the human brain is approximately one million gigabytes, which is enough to hold _____ million hours of television shows.
A) retroactive; retroactive B) proactive; proactive C) proactive; retroactive D) retroactive; proactive D
Josh cannot remember his previous girlfriend's phone number because he is now frequently calling a new girlfriend. He also has trouble remembering the phone number for the new pizza delivery around the corner because he keeps recalling the phone number of the pizza delivery company located near his previous girlfriend's home. Josh's inability to remember his previous girlfriend's phone number is likely due to _____ interference, and his inability to remember the new pizza delivery phone number is likely due to _____ interference.
A) implicit; explicit B) explicit; implicit C) episodic; semantic D) semantic; episodic C
Laura vividly remembers her high school graduation, an example of _____ memory, but has forgotten the meaning of the term "photosynthesis," a failure of _____ memory.
the Stanford-Binet test of intelligence
Lewis Terman is responsible for developing the _____.
A) state-dependent memory B) mood-dependent memory C) the mood-congruence effect D) the self-reference effect B
Long-term memory is best when a person's mood state is the same at encoding and retrieval, an effect known as _____.
retaining information in short-term memory
Maintenance rehearsal is MOST useful for _____.
confirmation bias
Miss Binder, a second-grade teacher, thinks that girls pass more notes in class than boys, so she watches the girls more closely than the boys. Miss Binder's behavior BEST illustrates which of the following?
linguistic and logical-mathematical
Of Gardner's eight intelligences, which two are the LEAST controversial?
A) recall; recognition B) recall; recall C) recogntion; recognition D) recognition; recall C
On an exam, matching questions would be examples of _____ measures and true-false questions would be examples of _____ measures.
A) the cerebellum B) long-term memory C) the hippocampus D) both the cerebellum and the hippocampus C
One explanation for infantile/child amnesia is that _____ is (are) not fully developed.
A) the process of maintaining information in a memory stage B) the process of bringing information stored in long-term memory to the conscious level in short-term memory C) the process of bringing information stored in short-term memory to the conscious level in sensory memory D) the process of transferring information from one memory stage to the next B
Retrieval is _____.
A) the process of maintaining information in a memory stage B) the process of bringing information stored in long-term memory to the conscious level in short-term memory C) the process of bringing information stored in short-term memory to the conscious level in long-term memory D) the process of tranferring information from one memory stage to the next A
Storage is _____.
a rule of thumb that the more easily we remember an event, the more probable it is
The availability heuristic is _____.
NOT "less; environmental"
The average correlation between fraternal twins raised together is _____ than that for identical twins reared apart, indicating the influence of _____ factors.
the Flynn effect
The finding that average intelligence scores have increased over the past century in the United States and other industrialized countries illustrates which of the following?
A) a rule of thumb for judging the probability of a gambling event being more favorable to a casino than to a gambler B) the belief that a chance event is always going to have a 50 percent probability of occurring C) the belief that a chance event that has not occurred for a while is more likely to occur D) All the answers are correct. C
The gambler's fallacy is _____.
A) to prevent rehearsal of the information to be remembered B) to determine if memory for numbers is better than memory for letters C) to assess if people can remember a mixture of numbers and letters D) to block distraction from noise in the experiemtnal laboratory A
What is the purpose of counting backwards in the distractor task?
A) belief bias B) confirmation bias C) belief perseverance D) illusory belief C
What is the tendency to cling to one's beliefs in the face of contradictory evidence?
A) correlation bias B) belief bias C) belief perseverance D) illusory correlation D
What is the tendency to erroneously believe that two variables are related when they actually are not?
If a tone was sounded immediately after the matrix disappeared, people accurately reported all letters in the row signaled by the tone.
What were the results of Sperling's partial-report procedure?
the representativeness heuristic
Which contributes to both the gambler's fallacy and the conjunction fallacy?
first-letter technique
Which mnemonic device is LEAST effective?
A) College students experience approximately one ot two TOT states per week B) Elderly adults experience approximately six to eight TOT states per week C) TOT experiences occur most often for names of people D) TOT phenomenon is an example of forgetting that involves inaccessibility due to insufficient cues B
Which statement about tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon is FALSE?
A) the idea that intelligence is due to environmental influences B) the idea that intelligence is due to gender C) selective reproduction to enhance the mental capacities of the human race D) selecive reproduction to enhance the environmental influences on intelligence C
With respect to intelligence, eugenics is _____.
