Test 4 review-part 2

Ad valorem means:

according to value

Which tax may be applied to two major types of property including real property and personal property?

ad valorem

Which of the following states does not collect a small percentage of their residents income than tx?

alaska

Selective sales taxes in tx are:

applied to liquor sales

It is through what process that the legislature legally authorizes the state to spend money to provide its various programs ans services?

appropriations

Declining marginal propensity to consume means:

as income increases, spending increases proportionately

Which of the following is an example of tax shifting?

as taxes on business rise, businesses raise their prices; as property taxes increase, landlords raise rents; businesses making their taxes consumer taxes

The gasoline tax is an example of what type of tax?

benefits recieved

___________ is a tax designed to be paid by a large number of tax payers.

broad-based tax

In 1931, tx adopted a tax on:

cigarettes

At the beginning of each legislative session, the _________ reports to the legislature the total amount of revenues expected from current taxes and other sources.

comptroller of public accounts

Which of the following is not true about recent state budgets?

demands for state services have decreased over time

The most costly service in tx is:

education

Tx's largest single individual revenue source is:

federal funds

The most common ability to pay taxes are levied on all of the following except:

gasoline

Broadly based taxes collected on the retail price of most items are called:

general sales tax

In 1949, which law increased state funding and established the tx education agency (TEA), which carries out the states educational program.

gilmer aikin

What kinds of taxes are included in the retail prices of the goods and services?

hidden taxes

Which of the following is incorrect?

high income taxes can discourage general economic activity

General obligation bonds cannot be used for which of the following?

higher education bonds financed by tuition revenue

Which of the following does not fall under the category of the benefits received principle?

local school taxes

Trading votes among legislators, especially to fund local projects to benefit their constituents, is called:

logrolling

Which of the following income groups in TX paid the highest percentage in effective taxes?

lower

The state board of education does all of the following except:

makes routine managerial decisions

Which of the following taxes is not considered one of the most effective at raising revenue?

narrowed based

Property taxes are the major source of revenue for virtually all of the following governments except:

national government

The tx state budget is exceeded only by those of CA and:

new york

According to the davis essay, the slow decrease of support from the state has led many colleges and universities to rely more on:

part-time faculty, offering fewer courses, increased class sizes

What taxes are the major source of revenue for virtually all loacl government, cities, counties, and special duties?

property taxes

All of the following are seldom taxed with the exception of:

real estate

All of the following items have a hidden tax included in their prices except:

real estate

Tax rates that plae more of a burden on low and middle income taxpayers than on wealthier ones are called:

regressive tax rates

A tax imposed with the intent of exerting social or economic control by reducing taxes on approved behaviors or imposing higher taxes on undesirable activities is:

regulatory tax

State bonds that are repaid with the revenues from the service they finance are called:

revenue bonds

Which law "recaptured" property tax revenue from property wealthy school districts and distributed those in property poor districts in an effort to equalize the financing of all districts throughout tx?

robin hood plan

A _____________ is a tax on raw material (such as oil and natural gas) when theya re extracted from their natural state.

severance tax

Regulatory taxes are sometimes called a:

sin tax

The income tax became available to the national government with the ratification of which amendment to the US constitution?

sixteenth

An excise, or "sin" tax, is levied on the sale, manufacture, or use of all of the following except:

snacks

Which of the following has occurred because of tx's state government imposed mandates on local governments?

state taxes have remained low, but local taxes are higher than in many states.

____________ advocate that taxes on higher income individual should be kept low to allow them to save and invest to stimulate the economy.

supply siders

Which of the following has the authority to determine the property tax rate on real property in a county?

the commissioners courts

Property taxes were once the major source of state revenue until:

the great depression of the 1930's

Ad valorem taxes may not be applied to which of the following?

the sale of real estate

Which of the following is not a common political rationalization for taxing various groups differently?

to appease the general public back home

TxDOT planned to use comprehensive development agreement with private entities to develop a highly ambitious and controversial 50 year program to supplement existing highways. This program was called the:

trans-tx corridor

In the battle over taxation, one of the most intense issues is:

what should be taxed

When did the state of tx initiate the top 10 percent plan?

when the first circuit court of appeals ruled that race could not be considered in affirmative action admission policies

For the 2012-13 biennium, tx will receive approximately ___________ in federal funds, which represents 30 percent of state revenue.

$71 billion

The general sales tax yielded what percent of the states revenue?

24.8 percent

During the 2012-13 fiscial year, what percent of estimated tx revenues came from the federal government?

39 percent

What percentage of Americans pays no income taxes at all?

40 percent

During the 2012-13 fiscal year, ____________ of estimated tx revenues are from state taxes?

44 percent

Tx ranked _____________ among the 50 states in overall per capita spending.

47th

The tx's ranking of population older than 25 with a high school diploma is:

50th

Individual and corporate income taxes immediately became the national governments major source of funding and today, they constitute approximately _____________ of federal tax revenue.

56 percent

What is tx's general sales tax on retail purchases?

6.25 percent

Adjusting for population and inflation, state spending grew at an average annual rate of ____________ over the last 20 years.

8%

Which of the following did the trans-tx corridor not include?

Housing

Which is not a level of state involvement in health care?

When it advocates socialized medicine