test #5

You have been called for an unknown medical emergency. On scene you are presented with an 84-year-old patient who is confused and does not obey commands. Which one of the following would assist you best in determining the patient's normal mental status? a. Look at the patient's medications. b. Question family members. c. Check vital signs. d. Examine the patient's pupils.

B

You respond to a sick child late at night. The child appears very ill, has a high fever, and is drooling. He is sitting in a tripod position, struggling to breathe. You should suspect: A)croup. B)pneumonia. C)epiglottitis. D)severe asthma.

C

What device is placed directly into the stomach to feed patients? A)Colostomy B)Ileostomy C)Gastrostomy tube D)Central venous catheter

C A gastrostomy tube is used to feed patients who cannot ingest fluids, food, or medication by mouth.

Known risk factors for Down syndrome include: A) Smoking B) Traumatic brain injury at birth C) Increased maternal age D) Lack of vitamin B

C Increased maternal age, along with a family history of Down syndrome, are risk factors of Down syndrome.

An​ 85-year-old male with a history of heart attacks has called 911 for chest pain. He states that the pain started 2 hours ago when he was sitting on his porch. When​ asked, he states that it feels similar to his last heart​ attack, only this time he is also dizzy. The primary assessment indicates no life threats and the EMR on scene reports the following vitals: P92, RR18, BP 88/52, and SpO2 at​ 92% on room air. The patient has​ nitroglycerin, but has not taken it yet​ (you have a standing order to administer nitroglycerin without calling medical​ direction). After applying​ oxygen, you should A. assess for neurological deficits. B. perform a detailed secondary exam. C. assist the patient with his nitroglycerin. D. Provide O2 via nasal cannula and initiate immediate transport.

D

An important part of the assessment process for a patient with special needs is to: A)interact with the caregiver. B)interact with the patient. C)talk to the manufacturer of the equipment being used. D)transport immediately.

A

A​ 77-year-old male got out of​ bed, became​ dizzy, and fell onto the​ floor, hitting the right side of his face. You find him sitting on the floor with his wife next to him. His wife states that he did not lose consciousness and that this has happened several times over the past few​ days, ever since the doctor put him on a new blood pressure medication.​ Presently, the patient is alert and oriented and complaining of dizziness and a headache. He has a history of coronary artery​ disease, emphysema, and hypertension. Which one of the following should you do​ first? A. Take manual​ in-line spinal stabilization and begin assessment. B. Provide supplemental oxygen to maintain a SpO2 of​ 94% or greater. C. Position the patient supine with his feet elevated and get vital signs. D. Check the​ patient's airway,​ breathing, and circulatory status

A

The purpose of a shunt is to: A)minimize pressure within the skull. B)reroute blood away from the lungs. C)instill food directly into the stomach. D)drain excess fluid from the peritoneum.

A

The son of an 88-year-old patient states that he told his mother to increase the amount of an antibiotic she was taking so she would "feel better faster." This represents a problem given that the elderly have a(n): a. decreased liver and kidney function. b. decreased respiratory function. c. increased risk for cancer. d. increased risk for stroke.

A

What does the DOPE mnemonic help you to recognize? A)Causes of airway obstruction B)Risk factors for patients using technology assistance C)Questions to ask patients with pacemakers D) vagal nerve stimulator

A

When a small child falls from a significant height, his or her ______ MOST often strikes the ground first. head back feet side

A

A "silent" heart attack occurs when: A) sweating is the only presentation. B) the usual chest pain is not present. C) a sudden dysrhythmia causes death. D) the patient minimizes the chest pain.

B

The EMTALA act states that: A) patients should only be treated if they can pay for care. B) all patients must be treated regardless of their ability to pay for care. C)only those with serious injuries can be treated without payment for care. D)only certain facilities can treat patients who cannot pay for care.

B

The use of multiple prescription drugs by a single patient, causing the potential for negative effects such as overdosing or drug interaction, is called: A) potentiation. B) polypharmacy. C) drug tolerance. D) drug dependency

B

Treatment for a semiconscious child who swallowed an unknown quantity of pills includes: A)administering 1 g/kg of activated charcoal and rapidly transporting. B)monitoring the child for vomiting, administering oxygen, and transporting. C)positioning the child on his left side, elevating his legs 6″, and transporting. D)contacting medical control and requesting permission to induce vomiting.

B

When assessing a conscious and alert 9-year-old child, you should: A)isolate the child from his or her parent. B)allow the child to answer your questions. C)obtain all of your information from the parent. D)avoid placing yourself below the child's eye level

B

Which of the following is a developmental disorder characterized by impairment of social interaction? A)Down syndrome B)Autism C)Cerebral palsy D)Spina bifida

B

You have been called for a 77-year-old male with chest pain. On scene the patient denies ever having chest pain and desires to sign a refusal. Before having the refusal signed, the EMT must consider that many geriatric patients will deny symptoms related to an emergency because of: A. confusion the chest pain often creates in geriatric patients. B. fear of losing independence and being hospitalized C. apprehension about having to take medications. D. acute onset of dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease.

B

A 4-year-old girl fell from a second-story balcony and landed on her head. She is unresponsive; has slow, irregular breathing; a large hematoma to the top of her head; and is bleeding from her nose. You should: A)immediately perform a full-body scan to detect other injuries, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport at once. B)apply a pediatric-sized cervical collar, administer high-flow oxygen via pediatric non-rebreathing mask, and prepare for immediate transport. C)manually stabilize her head, open her airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver, insert an airway adjunct, and begin assisting her ventilations with a bag-mask device. D)suction her airway for up to 10 seconds, insert a nasopharyngeal airway, apply a pediatric-sized cervical collar, and administer oxygen via pediatric non-rebreathing mask.

C

A new EMT asks you why the elderly are at a higher risk for developing pneumonia, as compared to those of a younger age. You inform him that the elderly are more susceptible to respiratory infections because of a(n): a. decrease in pacemaker cells b. hardening of the major arteries. c. decreased cough reflex. d. increased saliva production.

C

Family members tell you that three hours ago, their 76-year-old mother suddenly became confused and had great difficulty speaking. However, within 15 minutes she returned to normal. Based on this description, the EMT should be suspicious of: a. Hemorrhagic stroke. b. Dementia. c. Transient ischemic attack. d. Alzheimer's disease

C

The AVPU scale is used to monitor a patient's level of consciousness. What does the "P" stand for? Pallor Pediatric Painful Pale

C

What improves a patient's quality of life shortly before death? A)Home care B)Hospice care C)Comfort care D)Terminal care

C

You have been called for a​ 91-year-old female who fell. Since your assessment reveals bruises to her body in various stages of healing and inconsistencies in information provided by her​ family, you are suspicious of geriatric abuse. Your best action would be​ to: A. inform your medical director and include it in the PCR. B. confront the family members with your suspicion. C. quietly transport and inform the emergency department physician and law enforcement D. Transport the patient and notify the family of your suspicions when you arrive at the hospital

C

Most patients with this disease also have hydrocephalus. A)Paralysis B)Down syndrome C)Spina bifida D)Cerebral palsy

C hydrocephalus- build of of fluid in the interior of the brain

assessment finding: Dyspnea

CHF Chronic bronchitis pulmonary embolism pneumonia pulmonary edema heart attack asthma emphysema

How does a child's anatomy differ from an adult's anatomy? The child's trachea is more rigid The tongue is proportionately smaller The epiglottis is less floppy in a child The child's head is proportionately larger

D

The family of a geriatric patient has called 911. The patient is confused and exhibiting inappropriate behavior. On scene they inform you that he is a diabetic, but takes pills and not insulin. They also state that he has been complaining of dizziness and has been drinking water nonstop as well as urinating. Assessment reveals adequate breathing, skin that is warm, and a radial pulse that is rapid and weak. Based on this history, you should be suspicious of and treat the patient for: a. stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). b. hypoglycemia. c. urinary tract infection. d. elevated blood sugar.

D

When assessing a​ 91-year-old female who​ fell, what assessment finding should concern the EMT​ most? A. History of osteoporosis and leg pain B. Skin tear that appears infected on her arm C. Heart rate of 90 beats per minute D. Sudden onset of confusion

D

Which of the following statements regarding febrile seizures is correct? A)Febrile seizures usually indicate a serious underlying condition, such as meningitis. B)Most febrile seizures occur in children between the ages of 2 months and 2 years of age. C)Febrile seizures are rarely associated with tonic-clonic activity, but last for more than 15 minutes. D)Febrile seizures usually last less than 15 minutes and often do not have a postictal phase.

D

What do vagal nerve stimulators do? A)Keep seizures from occurring B)Keep the airway clear from secretions C)Act as an alternative treatment to medicine D) Both A and C

D Vagal nerve stimulators are an alternative treatment to medication for patients with seizures and keep seizures from occurring.

Which of the following may be difficult to perform on a patient with Down syndrome? A)CPR B)Pulse oximetry C)Splinting D)Intubation

D Intubation may be difficult because patients with Down syndrome often have large tongues and small oral and nasal cavities

When assessing a conscious & alert 9 yr old, you should:

allow the child to answer the questions

When using the mnemonic CHILD ABUSE to assess a child for signs of abuse, you should recall that the "D" stands for:

delay in seeking care

Which of the following statements regarding febrile seizures is correct?

febrile seizures usually last less than 15 mins & often do not have a postictal phase

All children w/ abdominal injuries should be monitored for signs & symptoms of:

shock