Test CH23,24,25
1. Produce digestive enzymes and absorb digested food 2. Protect intestinal epithelium from bacteria 3. Produce mucous 4. Produce secretin and cholecystokinin Absorptive cells Goblet cells Granulosa cells Endocrine cells
1 3 2 4
Place the following events of deglutition in order, beginning with the voluntary phase of swallowing. Soft palate closes off the nasopharynx Successive contraction of superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors moves bolus through pharynx Contraction of inferior pharyngeal constrictor relaxes upper esophageal sphincter and allows bolus to enter esophagus Relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter Tongue elevates bolus towards oropharynx Peristaltic contractions of esophagus moves bolus through esophagus 1-6
2 3 4 6 1 5
1. Protects lining of the stomach 2. Destroys ingested bacteria and activates pepsin 3. Stimulates gastric secretions 4. Active form aids in breaking proteins into smaller peptide chains 5. Aids in the absorption of Vitamin B12 Hydrochloric acid Gastrin Intrinsic factor Pepsinogen Mucous
2 3 5 4 1
Place the regions of the digestive tract in order from the beginning to end. Rank the options below. Pharynx Colon Duodenum Esophagus Stomach Rectum Anal canal leum Jejunum Anus Oral cavity Cecum 1-12
2 9 5 3 4 10 11 7 6 12 1 8
The Daily Values appearing on food labels are based on a kilocalorie reference d Multible Choice O 1200 1500 2000 2500
2000
Place the steps of glucose transport across the intestinal epithelium in the correct order. Glucose enters the capillaries of the intestinal villi. Symport is driven by a sodium gradient established by a Na+/K+ pump Glucose moves out of the intestinal epithelial cells by facilitated diffusion. Glucose is absorbed by symport with Na* into the intestinal epithelial cells. 1-4
4 2 3 1
Place the tunics and their components in the correct order, from most external to most internal. Circular muscle layer Submucosa Lamina propria Epithelium of mucosa Submucosal plexus Muscularis mucosa Myenteric plexus Longitudinal muscle layer Epithelium and connective tissue of serosa 1-9
4 6 8 9 5 7 3 2 1
Place the parts of the large intestine in order from its most proximal end to its most distal end. Sigmoid colon Ileocecal valve Rectum Cecum Anal canal Left colic flexure Descending colon Transverse colon Right colic flexure Ascending colon Anus 1-11
8 1 9 2 10 6 7 5 4 3 11
Abdominal organs that lie against the body wall and have no mesenteries are said to be Multiple Choice retroperitoneal antiperitoneal falciperitoneal hyperperitoneal mesoperitoneal
A
All of the following are muscles of mastication, except the buccinator temporalis masseter medial pterygoid lateral ptervgoid
A
All of the following are substances found within saliva, except Multiple Choice hydrochloric acid bicarbonate ion amvlase mucin lysozymes
A
Match the disorder of the respiratory system with the best description. A. Destruction of the alveolar walls B. Inflammation of the bronchi C. Inherited disease that affects secretory cells lining the lungs D. Replacement of lung tissue with fibrous connective tissue E. Infant stops breathing during sleep Emphysema
A
Match the term with the appropriate description or definition. A. Sum of the inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, tidal, and residual volumes B. Volume of air inspired during a normal inspiration C. Volume of air remaining in lungs after the most forceful expiration D. Sum of the expiratory reserve, inspiratory reserve, and tidal volumes E. The amount of air that can be forcefully expired after expiration of the normal tidal volume Total lung capacity
A
Match the term with the appropriate description. Answer with the letter preceding the description. A. The floor of the nasal cavity B. Superior portion of pharynx C. A soft process that extends inferiorly from the posterior edge of the soft palate D. The opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx E. External openings of the nasal cavity Hard palate
A
The gain or loss of heat as infrared energy between two objects that are not in physical contact is Multiple Choice radiation conduction evaporation convection
A
The part of the respiratory tract where gas exchange does not take place is called______ Multiple Choice dead space unusable space the respiratory zone closed space
A
What is the function of bicarbonate when it is secreted by the large intestine? Multiple Choice It increases the pH of the feces, which are acidic because of bacterial secretions. It aids in the digestion of proteins. It decreases the pH of feces, which are alkaline because of bacterial secretions. It aids in the digestion of cellulose.
A
Where does the chemical digestion of disaccharides occur? Multiple Choice Small intestine Large intestine Mouth stomach Esophagus
A
Which of the following inhibits the secretion of the gastric glands? Multiple Choice Low pH in the duodenum Proteins in the stomach Gastrin All of the choices are correct.
A
During inspiration, the diaphragm________ and the volume of the thoracic cavity __________ whereas during expiration, the diaphragm__________ and the volume of the thoracic cavity________ Multiple Choice relaxes; increases; contracts; decreases contracts; increases; relaxes; decreases relaxes; decreases; contracts; increases contracts; decreases; relaxes; increases
B
Match the term with the appropriate description or definition. A. Sum of the inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, tidal, and residual volumes B. Volume of air inspired during a normal inspiration C. Volume of air remaining in lungs after the most forceful expiration D. Sum of the expiratory reserve, inspiratory reserve, and tidal volumes E. The amount of air that can be forcefully expired after expiration of the normal tidal volume Tidal volume
B
Match the term with the appropriate description. Answer with the letter preceding the description. A. The floor of the nasal cavity B. Superior portion of pharynx C. A soft process that extends inferiorly from the posterior edge of the soft palate D. The opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx E. External openings of the nasal cavity Nasopharynx
B
Shortly after a meal, the gallbladder contracts in response to stimulation by Multiple Choice secretin cholecystokinin histamine gastrin
B
The cells of the mucosa are also known as Paneth cells and may help protect the intestinal epithelium from bacteria. Multiple Choice goblet granular absorptive endocrine
B
The hormone stimulates gastric gland secretions. Multiple Choice secretin gastrin gastric inhibitory peptide cholecystokinin
B
Which components) of the pharynx are normally involved with digestion? Multiple Choice Nasopharynx and oropharynx oropharynx and laryngopharynx Oropharynx only Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
B
Which of the following events takes place during the absorptive state? Multiple Choice Protein is converted into glucose in the process of deamination. Glucose is converted into energy, glycogen, or fats. Ketones are produced from fatty acids. Fats are converted into glucose via beta oxidation. Glycogen is converted to glucose.
B
Which of the following is not a tunic of the gallbladder wall? Multiple Choice Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Serosa
B
Which of the following statements is true? Multiple Choice O Catabolic reactions are synthesis reactions. Anabolic reactions are involved in the production of proteins from amino acids. The energy derived from anabolism is used to drive catabolism. Anabolic reactions release energy. Catabolic reactions consume energy.
B
Chylomicrons move out of intestinal epithelial cells by Next Multiple Choice osmosis simple diffusion exocytosis Na+ symport
C
Essential nutrients are important in the diet but not necessary for life. are the only nutrients required by the body. cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body. are needed to make food taste good. are manufactured by the body.
C
Essential nutrients Multiple Choice are important in the diet but not necessary for life. are the only nutrients required by the body. cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body. are needed to make food taste good. are manufactured by the body.
C
Glucose is absorbed by into the intestinal epithelial cells. Multiple Choice facilitated diffusion simple diffusion Na'+symport H+ symport
C
Match the disorder of the respiratory system with the best description. A. Destruction of the alveolar walls B. Inflammation of the bronchi C. Inherited disease that affects secretory cells lining the lungs D. Replacement of lung tissue with fibrous connective tissue E. Infant stops breathing during sleep Cystic fibrosis
C
Match the term with the appropriate description or definition. A. Sum of the inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, tidal, and residual volumes B. Volume of air inspired during a normal inspiration C. Volume of air remaining in lungs after the most forceful expiration D. Sum of the expiratory reserve, inspiratory reserve, and tidal volumes E. The amount of air that can be forcefully expired after expiration of the normal tidal volume Residual volume
C
Match the term with the appropriate description. Answer with the letter preceding the description. A. The floor of the nasal cavity B. Superior portion of pharynx C. A soft process that extends inferiorly from the posterior edge of the soft palate D. The opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx E. External openings of the nasal cavity Uvula
C
The cells of the mucosa have microvilli and digestive enzymes on their surface. Multiple Choice goblet chief absorptive parietal
C
The is the total amount of energy produced and used by the body per unit of time. Multiple Choice absorptive state postabsorptive state metabolic rate basal metabolic rate
C
The phase of gastric regulation is initiated when acidic chyme enters the duodenum and stimulates the secretion of hormones and local reflexes that inhibit gastric activity. cephalic gastric intestinal laryngo-pharyngeal
C
The submucosa of the duodenum contains coiled, tubular mucous glands called which open into the base of the intestinal glands. Multiple Choice plicae circulares crypts of Lieberkühn Brunner alands Payerpatches
C
Match the disorder of the respiratory system with the best description. A. Destruction of the alveolar walls B. Inflammation of the bronchi C. Inherited disease that affects secretory cells lining the lungs D. Replacement of lung tissue with fibrous connective tissue E. Infant stops breathing during sleep Pulmonary fibrosis
D
Match the term with the appropriate description or definition. A. Sum of the inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, tidal, and residual volumes B. Volume of air inspired during a normal inspiration C. Volume of air remaining in lungs after the most forceful expiration D. Sum of the expiratory reserve, inspiratory reserve, and tidal volumes E. The amount of air that can be forcefully expired after expiration of the normal tidal volume Vital capacity
D
Match the term with the appropriate description. Answer with the letter preceding the description. A. The floor of the nasal cavity B. Superior portion of pharynx C. A soft process that extends inferiorly from the posterior edge of the soft palate D. The opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx E. External openings of the nasal cavity Internal nares
D
The oral cavity secretes , which neutralizes bacterial acids, flushes bacteria from the oral cavity, and has weak antibacterial activity. Multiple Choice lingual lipase mucus salivary amylase serous saliva
D
The pancreatic islets Multiple Choice are found in the wall of the stomach. excrete mucus. produce digestive enzymes. are endocrine in function.
D
When excess glucose is present, it is used to form glycogen through a process called Multiple Choice lipogenesis gluconeogenesis glycogenolysis glycogenesis
D
Which is not a layer of the respiratory membrane? Multiple Choice Alveolar epithelium, composed of a single layer of squamous cells Basement membrane of the alveolar epithelium Interstitial space The visceral pleura, composed of a single layer of squamous cells
D
Match the disorder of the respiratory system with the best description. A. Destruction of the alveolar walls B. Inflammation of the bronchi C. Inherited disease that affects secretory cells lining the lungs D. Replacement of lung tissue with fibrous connective tissue E. Infant stops breathing during sleep Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
E
Match the term with the appropriate description or detinition. A. Sum of the inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, tidal, and residual volumes B. Volume of air inspired during a normal inspiration C. Volume of air remaining in lungs after the most forceful expiration D. Sum of the expiratory reserve, inspiratory reserve, and tidal volumes E. The amount of air that can be forcefully expired after expiration of the normal tidal volume Expiratory reserve volume
E
Match the term with the appropriate description. Answer with the letter preceding the description. A. The floor of the nasal cavity B. Superior portion of pharynx C. A soft process that extends inferiorly from the posterior edge of the soft palate D. The opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx E. External openings of the nasal cavity External nares
E
Indicate whether each statement is true or false regarding the differences between quiet breathing and labored breathing. 1. During quiet, normal breathing, inspiration is passive. 2. Muscles contract more forcefully during labored breathing than during normal respiration. 3. During labored expiration, the volume of the thorax decreases passively. 4. During quiet expiration, the volume of the thorax decreases passively. T/F
F,T,F,T
Indicate whether each statement is true or false regarding cerebral and limbic system control of respiration. 1. The cerebral cortex is only involved in unconscious control of respiration. 2. Emotions can affect respiration via the limbic system. 3. Voluntary hyperventilation results in decreased blood flow to the brain. 4. Apnea is the absence of breathing, either voluntarily or involuntarily. T/F
F,T,T,T
Match the pulmonary capacity with its definition. 1. Tidal volume plus Inspiratory reserve volume 2. Expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume 3. Sum of Inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume 4. Sum of all of the pulmonary volumes functional residual capacity total lung capacity vital capacity inspiratory capacity
IC FRC VC total lung capacity
Choose true or false for each of the statements regarding gas exchange across the respiratory membranes. 1. The thinner the membranes, the more readily gas exchange occurs. 2. CO2 has a diffusion coefficient of 20, and oxygen has a diffusion coefficient of 1; therefore CO2 does not diffuse as readily through the membranes as oxygen. 3. A larger surface area allows for more gas exchange. 4. Gas exchange occurs across membranes from areas of low concentration to high concentration. T/F
T,F,T,F
Indicate whether each statement is true or false regarding the structure of the lungs. 1. The left lung has two lobes and right lung has three. 2. The cardiac notch is located on the hilum. 3. Each lobe is subdivided into bronchopulmonary segments. 4. The bronchopulmonary partitions in each lung are separated by connective tissue. 5. Bronchopulmonary segments are subdivided into lobes. T/F
T,F,T,T,F
Indicate whether each statement is true or false regarding oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood. 1. When your bodys temperature increases, more oxygen is released from hemoglobin. 2. When carbon dioxide levels increase at the tissue capillaries, blood pH decreases. 3. An increase in blood carbon dioxide levels results in an increase in hemoglobins affinity for oxygen. 4. When carbon dioxide leaves the blood at the pulmonary capillaries, pH levels decrease. T/F
T,T,F,F
Match the pulmonary volume with its definition. 1. Volume of air inspired or expired with each breath 2. Amount of air that can be inspired forcefully after normal inspiration 3. Amount of air that can be forcefully expired after normal exhalation 4. Volume of air in the lungs after forceful expiration expiratory reserve volume tidal volume residual volume inspiratory reserve volume
TV IRV ERV RV
Check all that decrease as a result of aging. Check All That Apply Tidal volume Residual volume Vital capacity Gas exchange Dead space Maximum ventilation rate
TV RV VC maximum ventilation rate
Gas exchange between the air and the blood takes place in the______
alveoli
Match the term with the corresponding definition. 1. Measures the ease with which the lungs and thorax expand 2. Total amount of air moved into and out of the lungs each minute 3. Number of breaths taken each minute minute respiration compliance respiratory rate
compliance minute respiration respirotory rate
The _______ zone extends from the trachea to the terminal bronchioles.
conducting
The part of the respiratory system where gas exchange does not occur is called __________space.
dead
Match the muscle with its role in respiration. 1. Internal intercostals: 2. External intercostals: 3. Diaphragm: 4. Abdominal muscles: contract during expiration/inspiration
expiration inspiration inspiration expiration
Contraction of the ________ muscles will elevate the ribs and move the sternum.
external intercostal muscles
1. Visible structure on the face 2. Extends from the nares to the choanae 3. Common opening for digestive and respiratory systems 4. Located posterior to the choanae and superior to the soft palate 5. Extends from the soft palate to the epiglottis 6. Extends from the tip of the epiglottis to the esophagus 7. Passageway for air; extends from the base of the tongue to the trachea 8. Windpipe; membranous tube attached to the larynx 9. Large, conical-shaped organs of respiration 10. Small, air-filled chambers for where gas exchange takes place external nose lungs trachea pharynx larynx nasopharynx nasal cavity laryngopharynx alveoli
external nose nasal cavity pharynx nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx larynx trachea lungs alveoli
Drag each label to the appropriate position to indicate whether each vitamin is water-soluble for fat-soluble. Vitamin D vitamin E vitamin K vitamin A Vitamin C B vitamins riboflavin Biotin Pydroxine pantothenic acid
fat soluble Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K water soluble pyridoxine riboflavin Biotin vitamin C B vitamins pantothenic acid
The thyroid cartilage is part of the________
larynx
Select which of the following describe a function of the liver. Check All That Apply Production of bile Maintenance of blood sugar levels Detoxification of harmful substances Digestion of proteins Antibacterial Storage of glycogen Conversion of nutrients Destruction of old red blood cells Activation of trypsin Production of vitamin B,
production of bile maintenance of blood sugar levels detoxification of harmful substances storage of glycogen conversion of nutrients destruction of old red blood cells
Select all that are functions of the respiratory system. Check All That Apply Respiration Voice production Hormone production Regulation of blood pH Nutrient absorption Olfaction Protection from microorganisms Production of chemical mediators
respiration voice production regulation of blood ph olfaction protection from microorganisms production of chemical mediators
__________is the volume of air inspired during a normal inspiration.
tidal volume
The posterior wall of the trachea contains smooth muscle called the____ muscle.
trachealis
Match the function with the correct vitamin. 1. Necessary for rhodopsin synthesis 2. Component of FAD and involved in the citric acid cycle 3. Component of NAD and involved in glycolysis and citric acid cycle 4. Constituent of coenzyme-A and involved in steroid hormone synthesis 5. Prevents birth defects 6. Involved in collagen synthesis and general protein metabolism 7. Promotes calcium and phosphorus use 8. Prevents oxidation of plasma membranes and DNA 9. Required for synthesis of many clotting factors pantothenic acid vitamin B2 vitamin A vitamin K vitamin D Vitamin B3 Vitamin C Vitamin E Folate
vitamin A Vitamin B2 Vitamin B3 Pantothenic Acid Folate Vitamine C vitamin D vitamin E vitamin K
