Test questions

At what age is conformity with peers most likely to be the highest? 12-14 8-10 20-24 16-18

12-14 Explanation: Preadolescents typically value conformity with their peers. They may experience pressure from peers to engage in a variety of behaviors including experimenting with drugs and alcohol and engaging in sexual activity. As they go through a series of rapid physical, emotional and social changes, preadolescents tend to feel more of a desire to have their peer group as a central role in their lives. It is perfectly normal for children this age to pull away from their family and lean more on their friends.

A random sample of 100 students from each class at a large university was sent a computer message by the Division of Student Services. The message title simply said "Important Message from Student Services" and asked for acknowledgment of receipt. The number of hours it took the students to respond during the ext seven days was measured for each of the four samples. An appropriate statistical analysis of the difference between the four classes was A) one-way analysis of variance. B) t-test for groups. C) multivariate analysis of variance. D) analysis of covariance.

A) one-way analysis of variance

A high school career counselor had 24 seniors sign up for a three-session job seeking skills workshop. He randomly assigned 12 students to the job seeking group and 12 to a control group. The counselor developed some new materials and techniques to be used by the 'experimental' group. In designing this study, the counselor was also concerned about A) providing a placebo experience to the control group. B) the Hawthorne effect. C) confidentiality. D) the halo effect.

A) providing a placebo experience to the control group

According to Adler and others, birth order tends to result in unique psychological traits and social development. In counseling, birth order can help explain clients' traits and behaviors. Individuals who are carefree, outgoing and not rule oriented and those individuals who are early maturers, high achievers and never "dethroned" are probably A) secondborns and only children. B) firstborns and youngest children. C) middle and only children. D) secondborns and middle children

A) secondborns and only children.

A special education child has considerable difficulty writing words because of physical limitations. Periodically, the teacher reinforces the chid with a smile and an encouraging word. This is an example of _____ reinforcement A) variable interval B) variable ratio C) fixed interval D) fixed ratio

A) variable interval

Which of the following names are NOT associated with the reliability of tests? A) Kaufman. B) Spearman-Brow. C) Cronbach. D) Kuder-Richardson.

A. Kaufman

An evolutionary principle that creates a predisposition toward distrusting anything or anyone unfamiliar or different is ___________________. a. Implicit egotism b. Adaptive conservatism c. Prejudiced. d. Discrimination

Adaptive conservatism

A behavioral counselor is working with a client who complains of anxiety. Together the counselor and the client examine both the antecedents and consequences of the behavior (anxiety). Understanding the nature of operant conditioning, the counselor and the client decide to eliminate the unwanted behavior through extinction by A) aversive counterconditioning. B) implosion or flooding. C) punishment. D) thought stopping.

B) implosion or flooding.

In its growth and development, a human organism A) is influenced primarily by heredity. B) is always influenced by both heredity and environment. C) is influenced primarily by environment. D) is sometimes influenced by heredity and sometimes by environment.

B) is always influenced by both heredity and environment.

Privileged communication is a(n) _____ concept. A) ethical B) legal C) both ethical and legal D) neither ethical nor legal

B) legal

Antonio is investigating the differences in social skills between homeless veterans and a sample of veterans who are not homeless. As he gets to the point of data collection, he realizes that he will be limited to assessing only those veterans of each group who volunteer to participate. Because of that, when it comes time for data analysis, Antonio will probably have to use A) regression statistics. B) nonparametric statistics. C) parametric statistics. D) factor analysis.

B) nonparametric statistics.

According to Piaget, when a child is egocentric and unable to take the viewpoint of other people, he or she is in the stage called A) concrete operations. B) preoperational thought. C) sensorimotor. D) formal operations.

B) preoperational thought.

In object relations theory, interpersonal relationships are important in shaping an individual's interactions with others both in reality and fantasy. In the developmental process, the individual passes through four stages according to this theory. The third stage is A) reintegration. B) separation/individuation. C) assimilation. D) symbiosis.

B) separation/individuation.

A client of a community agency counselor reveals he has the HIV virus but no symptom of AIDS. The client has not told his gay partner and refuses to do so because he (the client) may never actually get AIDS. After further counseling and continued refusal by the client to tell his partner, the counselor ethically believes she must A) refer the client to a specialized AIDS counseling service. B) tell the client's partner after telling the client she would do so. C) contact the state public health officer. D) terminate the relationship.

B) tell the client's partner after telling the client she would do so.

Joshua is meeting with his career client for the first time. In establishing the relationship and learning about the client, he focuses on events in the client's life, the social meaning of the vents to the client, and how the client organizes and gets meaning from what has happened. It is safe to say that the career theory Joshua uses has been strongly influenced by A) a value-based model of career choice. B) person-environment fit theory. C) social constructionism. D) Tiedeman's decision making model.

C) social constructionism.

there are three truck driving schools in the metropolitan area and each uses a different curriculum. A state accrediting agency plans to examine the effectiveness of the three curricula used for training drivers. The dependent variable in this investigation is A) the methods of instruction. B) the instructors used. C) the dropout rate. D) the sample size.

C) the dropout rate.

Assume you have a normal distribution of raw scores. Which of the following standard scores is farthest from the mean? A) T-score = 35. B) Stanine = 6. C) z = -2.0. D) Deviation IQ = 120.

C) z = -2.0.

A career counselor usually assists clients by identifying their career-related needs problem components, formulating courses of action, prioritizing these actions, and developing plans for implementation. This counselor's approach is based on which concept? a. Cognitive information processing b. social valuation c. social cognitive theory d. psychosocial development

Cognitive information processing.

Mark Savickas' approach has been labeled both postmodern and constructionist. Which of the following statements regarding career counseling is he likely to agree with? A) The client's 'story' is not useful. B) The use of standardized objective instruments is necessary. C) Fitting the person to the environment is a critical task. D) Helping the client identify strengths, resources, and coping abilities is important.

D) Helping the client identify strengths, resources, and coping abilities is important.

In general, women earn about 80% of what men earn for a variety of reasons including their entry/re-entry pattern in the labor market, discrimination, and because the types of jobs most of them hold pay less. Which of the following statements is most accurate? A) The glass ceiling is more of a barrier now than in the past. B) The percentage of the labor force composed of women continues to increase dramatically. C) There are fewer women than men in service-related occupations. D) In terms of income, younger women compare more favorably with younger men than do older women compared to older men.

D) In term of income, younger women compare more favorably with younger men than do older women compared to older men.

Practicing positive or reinforcing self-statements has been called 'stress inoculation.' Who is the behaviorally-oriented theorist who proposed this concept? A) Bandura. B) Wolpe. C) Allport. D) Meichenbaum.

D) Meichenbaum

In a person-centered approach to groups, which of the following dynamics or process patterns is NOT likely to occur? A) Expression of negative feelings. B) Confrontation. C) Cracking of facades. D) Practicing disputing.

D) Practicing disputing.

During high school and for two years after, Juan has been employed in many jobs. However, eventually something happens and he is terminated by the employer. Although his attendance and work has are poor, Juan believes hat he is being discriminated against. In seeking a career counselor, Juan might benefit most from one who approaches clients from a A) trait-factor perspective. B) developmental perspective. C) needs-based perspective. D) social-learning perspective.

D) Social-learning perspective.

A counselor at a mental health agency noticed that the clients who complained of anxiety also tended to introversion. As part of the agency's intake process, test scores were collected from all clients on these two, as well as other, variables. The counselor decided to examine the relationship between these two variables and her statistic of choice was a A) t-test. B) canonical correlation. C) multivariate correlation coefficient. D) bivariate correlation.

D) bivariate correlation.

Social modeling, contracting, direct training, and reinforcement are most likely to be counseling strategies based in A) rational emotive behavior therapy. B) existential therapy C) client-centered counseling. D) cognitive and behavioral counseling.

D) cognitive and behavioral counseling.

After a counseling program has been developed and implemented, a key step to assure its successful operation is A) designing goals and objectives. B) doing a needs assessment. C) conducting a pilot study. D) conducting an evaluation.

D) conducting an evaluation.

A high school principal asks the lead teacher in the English Department to design an exam to assess English usage and writing skills to be administered to tenth graders. After the teacher designs the exam, she gives copies to all the other English teachers and asks them to review it and judge its appropriateness, clarity, accuracy, and fairness. By going through this process, she is determining ____ validity. A) predictive B) concurrent C) discriminant D) content

D) content

In the statement, 'Birds of a feather flock together,' the dependent variable is A) birds. B) feather. C) together. D) flock.

D) flock

A change in the forces in one part of a closed system affects the entire system. This can be accurately applied to A) the Holland hexagon. B) a support group. C) force-field analysis. D) Johari window.

D) force-field analysis.

Two counselors at a mental health center are asked to begin co-facilitating groups which will meet no more than six times. The principal reason the counselors are reluctant to co-facilitate is because A) one has group experience and the other has none. B) one practices REBT and the other cognitive-behavioral. C) one is comfortable with the six-session limit and the other is not. D) one is client-centered and the other is behavioral in orientation.

D) one is client-centered and the other is behavioral in orientation.

The counselor determines that the client can more easily discuss painful material as part of a story or vignette. She decides to administer the Thematic Apperception Test to help the client in this process. This counselor is likely to be practicing from a _____ perspective. A) Gestalt therapy B) rational-emotive therapy C) client-centered therapy D) psychoanalytic therapy

D) psychoanalytic therapy

William Perry devised a scheme to represent the cognitive developmental stages through which individual intellectual and ethical development occurred. In his scheme, dualism was followed by A) determinism. B) commitment. C) symbolism. D) relativism.

D) relativism.

Client: "I don't know if this is doing any good. I still get real anxious when I get to the office." Counselor: "The anxiety is still there when you get to work so you're wondering if this counseling is working." The counselor's response is an example of a(n) A) interpretation. B) reflection. C) confrontation. D) restatement.

D) restatement.

Portability is a current and important issue within the field of professional counseling. To have portability means A) you can practice counseling in more than one state. B) you will never need more graduate credits no matter what state you move to. C) a degree in a non-relaxed field will be acceptable along with extensive experience. D) the process of becoming licensed in another state will be expedited.

D) the process of becoming licensed in another state will be expedited.

Steve and Beth force their son Eddie into therapy because he is failing classes at school and acting out. What might a strategic therapist do? Help the family recognize patterns by using a genogram Help the family with devising more effective problem-solving skills Shift family alliances See the problem as external

Help the family with devising more effective problem-solving skills Explanation: Because Eddie is not doing well in school, the therapist might help the family explore ways of alternative problem-solving. The problem may or may not be related to external causes. In addition, shifting family alliances or recognizing patterns via a genogram would not help Eddie

Which of the following is a primary indicator that your client needs more than outpatient and/or group counseling? a. diagnosis of depression b. self-injurious behavior c. diagnosis of narcissistic personality disorder d. dual diagnosis

If you were seeing a client for a mood disorder and then discovered they also had a substance abuse disorder, they could benefit from detox and treatment in a residential facility, followed by outpatient counseling. Answer a, b, and c are all appropriate for outpatient counseling. Self-injury is different from suicidal ideation/attempts and clients often benefit from CBT counseling to learn more appropriate coping skills.

Bowlby's internal working model has been described as, "a cognitive framework comprising mental representations for understanding the world, self and others." Which of the following is not one of the three main features of the internal working model? a. A model of others being trustworthy b. A model of the family being a safe place c. A model of the self as valuable d. A model of the self as effective when interacting with others

b. A model of the family being a safe place A model of the family being a safe place" is not listed as one of the three internal working models, but the other three are.

To establish its validity, a new test was administered to the same group which took a well-established test. The correlation coefficient between the two tests was .70. The amount of variance common to both instruments was A) less than 50% B) 50 to 60% C) 61 to 70% D) more than 70%

A) less than 50%

Midlife stress A) may be more common in those who had adjustment problems in adolescence. B) is almost always the result of the empty-next syndrome. C) is experienced earlier by men than women. D) is more a fiction than fact.

A) may be more common in those who had adjustment problems in adolescence.

A group of 100 individuals complete two tests. Their scores on both tests are plotted on a chart. If the slope of the regression line (line of best fit) angles from top left to bottom right, the counselor reviewing this data could conclude there is a _____ correlation between the two variables measured. A) zero B) positive C) negative D) parametric

C) negative

In psychodrama, a variety of roles may be assigned to group members. The protagonist is A) the group facilitator. B) an imaginary figure. C) one of the group members. D) someone from the audience.

C) one of the group members.

As a family counselor, Jody is very active in the process. Using her own self-awareness and what she experiences, she reflects this back to the family. In addition to her suggestions, she challenges current family ways of thinking and behaving. This family counseling approach is often called A) psychodynamic. B) interactional. C) experiential. D) structural.

C) experiential.

Which of the following are some of the "confidence traps" that a therapist may fall into when utilizing motivational interviewing? 1. "You can do it, go on" 2. "There there, you'll be fine" 3. Gloom a deux 1. "You can do it, go on" 2. "Why are you waiting?" 3. "I think it is time, don't you?" 1. "I'll take over now, thank you" 2. "There there, you'll be fine" 3. Gloom a deux 1. "I'll take over now, thank you" 2. "Why are you waiting?" 3. "I think it is time, don't you?"

1. "I'll take over now, thank you" 2. "There there, you'll be fine" 3. Gloom a deux Explanation: These are therapist issues. If not well trained in motivational interviewing, there is a temptation to abandon motivational interviewing and fall back into advice or direction giving. When this happens, the therapy is no longer collaborative. In the gloom a deux trap, the therapist shares the client's perception of helplessness.

A client you are counseling recently confides in you they think they found "the one" in their current partner. They share that the only thing stopping them from proposing is that they believe in God, while their partner is agnostic. This is an example of: a. irreconcilable differences b. cognitive dissonance c. religious values conflict d. where a counselor should defer to the client's religious leader.

A religious values conflict occurs when there are perceived or actual incompatible belief systems. In the client's case, they adhere to one belief system and their partner to another. A is incorrect because many people have successful relationships even though their religious values do not match. B is incorrect because the client does not have conflicting beliefs and behaviors like knowing it's wrong to steal and stealing anyway. D is incorrect because you are a neutral party who is qualified to help the client explore this thought.

In a counseling relationship, both the client and counselor have worldviews. The worldview for some counselors is to see "all of us in this together. We are all more similar than we are different." This worldview has sometimes been referred to as a(n) _____ perspective. A) etic B) encapsulating C) emic D) pluralistic

A) etic

A mental health counselor had data on three personality tests for over 300 former clients. The tests measured over 30 variables and the counselor was interested to see if these tests might be measuring some common factors. To do this, she conducted a A) factor analysis. B) content analysis. C) factorial analysis of variance. D) item analysis.

A) factor analysis.

Corey, Corey and Corey identified five stages that groups go through. The first stage is highly leader oriented and includes group formation and planning. Which stage follows this one? A) Initial. B) Working. C) Transition. D) Consolidation and termination.

A) Initial.

Li and May took the same test of academic ability. The mean of the test is 100 and the test's standard deviation is 10. Li's score is equivalent to a z score of -1.0 and May's score is equivalent to a T score of 45. One the test A) Li's score was 90 and May's was 95. B) Li's score was 99 and May's was 90. C) Li's score was 95 and May's was 140. D) There is not enough data to make the calculation.

A) Li's score was 90 and May's was 95.

Which one of the following concepts is NOT associated with H. B. Gelatt? A) Planned happenstance. B) Decision-making process. C) Two-by-four process (attitudes and factors). D) Positive uncertainty.

A) Planned happenstance.

In deciding to use parametric statistics such as t-test or analysis of variance, data from which one of the following samples would appear to be appropriate? A) Random sample. B) Sample of convenience. C) Skewed sample. D) Sample with a bi-modal distribution.

A) Random sample.

Legislative language which bans sex discrimination in academics and sports in schools is found in A) Title IX of the educational amendments. B) Buckley amendment. C) Americans with Disabilities At. D) Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act.

A) Title IX of the educational amendments.

A school counselor is interested in determining whether seniors who have jobs receive lower grades and national test scores than those who do not work. Let's assume that in May of the school year he finds that approximately 250 seniors worked this past school year and 250 did not. He compares their GPA, class rank information and ACT scores. If all these indicators were lower for the seniors who worked, the counselor would be tempted to say that having a job causes the lower indicators. He may be wrong to say that because this study is A) a post hoc investigation. B) an experiment. C) a survey. D) a descriptive study.

A) a post hoc investigation

For each of eight stages, Erickson believed that a balance between the polarities was typically the outcome. For example, in his stage of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, self-control is fostered. Conflict between Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt may lead to hostile or benign expectations. This Erickson stage is equivalent to Freud's A) anal stage. B) phallic stage. C) oral stage. D) genital stage.

A) anal stage.

On a college campus, a group of students of color has been protesting their treatment alluding to harassing comments by whites and what they believe to be discrimination in the grading system by their professors. Eleven of these students have come to the campus counseling center and want to begin a group experience to arrive at some answers and find solutions. The most appropriate theoretical orientation of the counselor assigned to lead the group is A) behavioral. B) psychoanalytic. C) gestalt. D) person-centered.

A) behavioral

In his first counseling session, Rudy shares a brief account of this problems with an emphasis on how these problems have influenced his life in the past and continue to do so. Working from a social constructionist point of view, the counselor is likely to use the following techniques A) deconstruction and reauthorizing. B) social modeling and problem solving. C) empowering techniques and gender-role analysis. D) homework assignment and two-chair techniques.

A) deconstruction and reauthorizing.

Which of the following is the best example of an encore career? a. Jesse went to school to become an actor, but after graduation decides to pursue a career in psychology b. At age 40, Karen, a psychiatrist decides to make a career change and become a pharmacist c. Kevin is employed full-time as an architect but on the weekend takes photographs at weddings and other occasions d. After 30 years working for the federal government, Sam decides to take a job at a local home improvement store.

After 30 years working for the federal government, Sam decides to take a job at a local home improvement store. Encore careers refer to those times when, for different reasons, retired workers return to work. most of the time they do not return to their former employer.

Andy always arrives to group early. He takes the initiative to help set up the chairs, make coffee and set out any refreshments. After the group session has ended Andy always stays after to put away the chairs and clean up. Andy volunteers to do this on his accord. What role has Andy taken on in the group? a. Recorder b. Procedural Technician c. Janitor d. Volunteer

Andy has taken on the role of Procedural Technician. He has taken on the task of making sure the group has every physical or technical thing they may need to function or be comfortable. The Procedural Technician offers to carry out or assumes the technical tasks or needs of the group.

Which of the following is not a stage of Donald Super's Developmental Approach to Careers? a. Growth b. Exploratory c. Autonomy d. Establishment

Autonomy is not one of the stages in Donald Super's Developmental Approach to Careers. The stages are: The Growth Stage (Birth to 15). During this stage, children adolescents begin to develop interest. Super also incorporates the theory of self-concept and the development of self-esteem and self-efficacy. The Exploratory Stage (15-24). During this stage decision making skills are developing and young adults begin to make tentative choices regarding their career development. The Establishment Stage (25-44). This is the trial phase where adults attempt to commit to the right occupational choice through the exploration of options in order to settle into or stabilize a career or vocational choice. The Maintenance Stage (45-64). In this stage, mature adults are in the continual process of adjusting to work and career. The Decline Stage (65+). This is the pre-retirement stage where aging workers deal with work output issues and the transitioning into retirement.

Laura was applying to a doctoral program in counselor education. Along with her application, she submitted the following three test scores: GRE Verbal: 450; a tolerance for ambiguity test score at T-score 45; and a z-score of -.5 on a test of trait anxiety. The professor reviewing her file characterized all her scores at the following stanine A) 3.2. B) 4.0. C) 5.2. D) 6.0.

B) 4.0.

In conducting a group, both content and process are important. During each session, one can designate a warm-up, action, and closure portions. In general, one would want the following combination of content/process and warm-up/action/closure. A) More content in warm-up and more process in closure. B) Equal amounts of content and process in all three portions. C) More content in warm-up, mostly process in action, and more content in closure. D) More process in warm-up and action and more content in closure.

B) Equal amounts of content and process in all three portions.

Client: "I'd like to go to college and become a teacher but my folks don't think I would make it." Counselor: "Why do they believe that?" Client: "They didn't go to college and think my writing isn't good enough. I guess they're right." Counselor: "Let's talk about this for a minute. I'd like to challenge your ideas about college and writing, and your belief that you couldn't make it." This counselor is probably implementing career concepts from the _____ theory A) trait-factor B) Krumboltz C) Roe D) Bolles

B) Krumboltz

There are a number of confounding variables which threaten the internal and external validity of an experiment. Which of the following is a threat to just one kind of validity? A) instrumentation. B) Ecological validity. C) Selection of subjects. D) Experimenter bias.

B) Selection of subjects.

A middle school principal is curious whether different math-teaching techniques result in different (and better) math learning. She has three classrooms of fourth grade math students and assigns different math-teaching techniques to the three teachers to use for the school year. All students completed the same math exam in September as a pretest and will posttest in May. Upon examining math pretest scores, the principal finds that the Classroom A mean math score is 72, Classroom B mean is 88, and Classroom C mean is 73. In May, after posttest data are collected, an appropriate statistical procedure for the principal to apply first is A) multiple regression. B) analysis of covariance. C) t-test. D) analysis of variance.

B) analysis of covariance.

A counselor educator at a large university studied different counseling modalities for students who came to the counseling center with relationship/self-esteem problems. There was a waiting list to accommodate all the students. As a researcher, he was curious whether men or women gained self-esteem differentially whether they were seen in individual counseling, group counseling, or small psychoeducational class (18 to 20 students). There was also a possibility of an interaction between gender and the kind of service they received. The appropriate statistical technique to use in this situation was A) one-way analysis of variance. B) factorial analysis of variance. C) t-test. D) multivariate analysis of variance.

B) factorial analysis of variance

A researcher was investigating the possibility of attitude changes toward HIV positive individuals. To conduct this study, he had pairs of students discuss certain topics with one of the students being a researcher confederate who claimed to have the HIV virus. The researcher believed that deception in this experiment was necessary. Ethically, A) the researcher should have found enough HIV positive individuals to serve as confederates. B) the researcher should debrief the unaware subjects and provide an opportunity for them to desensitize if they revealed troubling attitudes or behaviors. C) the researcher should be reported to the appropriate ethical standards committee. D) the Human Subjects Committee should not have approved the research. (7)

B) the researcher should debrief the unaware subjects and provide an opportunity for them to desensitize if they revealed troubling attitudes or behaviors.

Experts in substance abuse counseling report the widespread existence of one or more codependents in the family of the substance abuser. Core issues in treating substance abuse include A) age, education, and social class. B) dual diagnosis, denial, and motivation. C) family, support group, and extended family. D) faith, spirituality and belief in God.

B)dual diagnosis, denial, and motivation.

A collectivistic, group-oriented value system is most likely to explain career behavior of A) young European immigrants B) older Native American and Asian American workers. C) middle-aged white males. D) young and professionally trained white women.

B)old Native American and Asian American workers.

Sociometry, the study of interpersonal relationships within a group, was first developed by what psychotherapist? A. Irvin Yalom B. Jacob Moreno c. RK Coyne D. Alfred Adler

B. Jacob Moreno

Nancy is 32 and works to hold in her stomach, as she fears looking fat. "Food is my comfort; it helped me cope after my father left when I was 14. Then when I started bingeing, it got out of control." Nancy found out she could make herself vomit. Nancy first started vomiting when she binged, then randomly to relieve the stress associated with fearing weight gain, then because it was a habit. Now Nancy vomits once or twice a day. About three years ago Nancy's teeth began to have problems, but in short order all had to be replaced with implants. Despite the loss of all of her teeth, bingeing and purging continues. Nancy's symptoms are consistent with: Anorexia Nervosa, Binge-Eating/Purging Type Anorexia Nervosa, Restricting TypeBinge-Eating Disorder Bulimia Nervosa, severe

Bulimia Nervosa, severe Explanation: Nancy's symptoms are consistent with Bulimia Nervosa, with both bingeing and purging activities, feeling out of control with food, and pressure about her weight. Compensatory activities occur 7-14 times per week, making severity 'severe.' Bulimia Nervosa can be differentiated from Anorexia, Binge-Eating/Purging Type, in that with Anorexia Nervosa, the client will have significantly low body weight, which has not been mentioned in Nancy's case.

A personnel director of a medium-sized manufacturing firm was instructed to increase the percentage of hires who could successfully perform the delicate and complex jobs requiring finger dexterity. The personnel director was reluctant to add a test because the hiring procedures were already extensive. In reviewing possible tests to use in employee selection, the personnel director was most concerned about A) standard error of measurement. B) stability reliability. C) face validity. D) the norm group.

C) face validity.

Jane is a new mental health counselor with little experience in multicultural counseling. She is uncomfortable with Juanita, a Latina client, who asks her questions about her family and other personal matters. Juaita's behavior is best explained as A) limited acculturation. B) needing to know boundaries and ethics of counseling. C) needing to know the counselor as a person. D) familism, a strong attachment to her family.

C) needing to know the counselor as a person.

The Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP) program is based on the theoretical concepts of A) Rogers. B) Haley. C) Adler. D) Glasser.

C) Adler.

The DSM-5 introduced structured as well as philosophical changes vis-a-vis DSM-IV-TR. Which of the following statements is an accurate representation of DSM-5? A) The GAF Scale and axial classification continue in the DSM-5. B) Biological or pathopsychological origins of disorders are downplayed. C) Descriptions of disorders are less important than dimensional assessments. D) When labelling disorders, when in doubt, the use of Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) is an option.

C) Descriptions of disorders are less important than dimensional assessments.

Which of the following statements is true? A) With a doctorate, you can become licensed automatically. B) Most states make up their own exam for licensure. C) Some states have 'title-control' laws which means anyone can counsel legally. D) Some states' licensure laws allow 36-credit hour master's degree for licensure.

C) Some states have 'title-control' laws which means anyone can counsel legally.

Counselors with which one of the following theoretical orientations are apt to use tests and inventories? A) Adlerian. B) Client-centered. C) Trait-factor. D) Gestalt.

C) Trait-factor

Following receipt of a bachelor's degree in sociology, Yolanda joined the Peace Corps. Now, at 25 years of age, she is reviewing here employment options by examining her personal needs and goals, interests, abilities, and opportunities and has made a tentative occupational choice. In light of Super's developmental stages, Yolanda is A) in exactly the right stage. B) ahead of expectations. C) behind expectations. D) not in any of Super's stages.

C) behind expectations.

Josie is a counselor at a day treatment center. One of her clients is an aggressive seven-year old boy who is physically active but verbally shy in session. Josie may find that her most effective play therapy technique to stimulate the boy to share is A) puppets. B) sand tray. C) competitive board games. D) drawing.

C) competitive board games.

Which of the following is not one of Super's Five Vocational Developmental Tasks? a. Conformity b. Crystallization c. Specification d. Stabilization

Conformity The Five vocational development task are: • Crystallization (ages 14-18). Adolescents formulate general vocational goals through awareness and drawing from a variety of influential resources. • Specification (ages 18-21). Young adults seek stability by moving from tentative vocational preferences to more specific vocational or career goals.• Implementation (21-24). Young adults will complete training for vocational preferences in order to develop a specific skill set to gain entry into career or employment. • Stabilization (ages 24-35). Adults will confirm and commit to a career or vocation choice utilizing their talents to perform that job and gain work experience over a period of time. • Consolidation (ages 35+). A period where an adult has established a career by gaining experience, status, advancement, and seniority.

Which of the following types of validity best describes the condition of a sample from a larger population being a true representation of that larger population? Equalization External congruence Structured reliability Content validity

Content validity Explanation: Content validity refers to the extent to which a measure represents all facts of a given social concept. If the condition of a sample from a larger population is to be a true representation of that larger population, then this validity would be best described as content validity.

Debra has several chaotic relationships in her life secondary to her long-standing pattern of alternating depressive and hypomanic symptoms that give rise to discord and unrest. Debra's symptoms have been present for many years. Her diagnosis is most consistent with: Bipolar II Disorder Cyclothymic Disorder Histrionic Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder

Cyclothymic Disorder Explanation: Cyclothymic Disorder is characteristic of alternating depressive and hypomanic symptoms over time, so that's the best choice for Debra. Bipolar II Disorder would be considered if Debra was experiencing hypomanic and major depressive episodes, but right now, all we know is that she's experiencing hypomanic and depressive symptoms. Discord in relationships associated with Borderline Personality Disorder relates to impulsivity and poor, unstable self-image, not mood fluctuations. With Histrionic Personality Disorder, discord in relationships usually happens as a result of the individual's excessive attention-seeking behavior (ex. embarrassing others by showing inappropriate public displays of affection).

Goals of counseling may include changing a lifestyle, confronting superiority, and cultivating social interests. These are typical goals in A) transactional analysis. B) gestalt therapy. C) rational-emotive therapy. D) Adlerian therapy.

D) Adlerian therapy

More and more counselors move into supervision and counseling program management positions. in developing a new counseling program, identify the steps or processes which are in the proper order. A) Assess needs, implementation, develop a plan, evaluation. B) Develop a plan, evaluation , assess needs, implementation. C) Evaluation, develop a plan, assess needs, implementation. D) Assess needs, develop a plan, implementation, evaluation.

D) Assess needs, develop a plan, implementation, evaluation.

Convergent and discriminant are concepts associated with which of the following validities? A) Predictive. B) Content. C) Concurrent. D) Construct.

D) Construct.

Jaime, a sixteen year old sophomore, has developed a pattern of skipping classes. His homework is seldom completed and when it is, it does not represent his ability level. HIs parents have begun to look for an appropriate counselor for him. Although they don't know all the approaches available, Jaime might be helped best with a counselor using theoretical concepts from A) behavioral and existential. B) person-centered and rational emotive behavior. C) Adlerian and psychoanalytic. D) Gestalt and reality.

D) Gestalt and reality.

Yalom has a list of what he termed "curative factors" or "therapeutic factors" in group psychotherapy. He refers to the environment provided by groups which fosters effective and adaptive communication leading to increased interpersonal skills as the therapeutic factor of: Development of socializing techniques Imitative behavior Instillation of hope Cohesiveness

Development of socializing techniques Explanation: The development of socializing techniques is the environment provided by groups, which fosters effective and adaptive communication leading to increased interpersonal skills. Imitative behavior is the mimicking of mannerisms of group members who function more adaptively, modeling those who engage self-exploration, who work through issues and gain personal development. Instillation of hope is the development of optimism around improvement. Cohesiveness involves the feelings of trust, togetherness and need to belong.

Don has recently changed jobs for the first time in his 30 year career. He was not sure if it was the right decision to leave his former company and he had significant regret in the first 3 months of his new job. Now that he's been there a year, he feels like he is settling in and he has made a couple suggestions for improvement to his supervisor. According to Tiedeman, Don is in the ______ stage adjusting to a choice. a. induction b. reformation c. integration d. clarification

Don is in the integration phase of Tiedeman's adjusting to a choice phase. The newness of his job has worn off, he has established relationships with his peers and he is at the point of providing feedback about the job to his supervisor.

At which stages does leadership become shared by group participants? a. At the forming stage b. At the performing stage c. At the storming stage d. At the norming stage

During the norming stage, as conflict dies, group members step up and share the function of leadership. The leader can assume more of a peripheral and less active role.

Ann Roe's Theory of Occupational Choice focuses on: a. Career choice as an expression of personality. b. The relationship of early childhood experiences to career choice. c. How a person is qualified for many occupations. d. Genetics influence in career choice.

Early childhood experiences are related to career choice. According to Ann Roe, the relationship between the parent and the child can be a determining factor in career choice and development.

You hear the mother of your five-year-old client answer the girl's question about sex as follows: "Oh, now, Nellie, why would someone your age want to know about something like sex? No please get out of my way and go on and play." According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, this type of response will directly increase the child's: a. Guilt b. Mistrust c. Stagnation d. Despair

Erikson's stage of "initiative vs. guilt" demonstrates the need for children's curiosity and creativity to be encouraged and not invalidated and squelched. Discouraging questions and activities with criticism, invalidation and indifference (dismissal) leads to increased guilt, less initiative, fewer social interactions and lower self-confidence. Mistrust is Erikson's first stage (up to age 1), stagnation refers to middle age and despair refers to the last stage of psychosocial development.

Rashad, a 28-year-old Indian male client of yours has not married and still lives with his parents. You have been working to help him cut the apron strings so he can be out on his own, independent of his family. This is an example of: a. Ethnocentrism b. Effective counseling c. Therapeutic surrender d. None of the above

Ethnocentrism leads the counselor to think that his or her culture holds the correct values and beliefs. It is customary for Indian males to live with their parents until they wed.

In what type of qualitative research is observer bias particularly important? Legal analysis case study historical analysis ethnography

Ethnography Type of interactive research in which the researcher collects data through interviews and observations about a group or system.

You have a client who is not doing too well in college and is working full time at a fast food restaurant. During her day job, she is doing well and has just been promoted to assistant manager. Her parents are not thrilled about her choice of jobs and would like to see her finish college. If you subscribed to Ginzberg's career development theory, what stage would you say your client is in? Crystallization Exploration Delineation Verification

Exploration Explanation: Ginzberg's career development theory has three stages: exploration (in a career but open to other opportunities), crystallization (committing to a particular career), and specification (developing a preference for a specific area of an occupation).

Which student of psychology/therapeutic studies use and applications has achieved maternal and familial respect and admiration? A) Breanna Nicole Stuard B) Barbara's daughter C) Danielle's sister D) Autumn and Audrey's Mom E) Mat's wife

F) all of the above xoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxo

John is the CEO of a major corporation and studied psychology in college. In order to avoid _____________ when making major decisions in the boardroom, he has asked his Chief of Operations to be a 'devil's advocate' on any point that he presents. a. group polarization b. groupthink c. fundamental attribution error d. inoculation effect

Groupthink occurs when no one expresses an opinion or dissent and there is an emphasis on group unanimity at the expense of critical thinking. Group polarization occurs when group discussion strengthens a dominate position in the group. Inoculation effect is an approach to convincing people to change their mind.

"Positive Uncertainty" is a model of career decision-making associated most closely with whom? a. John Crites B. Frank Parsons c. Mark Savickas d. HB Gelatt

HB Gelatt Who focused on the balance between reason and intuition when making career decisions and is termed positive uncertainty. It is related to his earlier 5 step process for making decisions about careers, which included the need to consider objective information while also attending to ones value system.

Native Americans maintain a cultural value of harmony and balance in both one's environment and one's interpersonal relationships. What did Garrett and Garrett call this traditional value? Harmony ethology Harmony ethic Harmony ethnicity Harmony ethos

Harmony ethic Explanation: The harmony ethic historically guides the Native American population in their values of communal contribution and cooperation as a way of keeping balance both within themselves and in the world around them.

A counselor who specializes in women's issues frequently encounters clients who find themselves exhausted from taking care of others, such as children and other family members. The counselor encourages her clients to find ways to establish a better balance between commitment to others and self-care. This concept of healthier balance is explored in which of the following? a. carol Gilligan's in a different voice b. Gail Sheehy's passages c. Jean Baker Miller's Toward a New Psychology of Women d. Harriet Lerner's The Dance of Intimacy

Harriet Lerner's The Dance of Intimacy

Which of the following theorists is NOT a Decision theorist in career counseling? a. Gelatt b. Havinghurst c. Katz d. Hershenson

Havinghurst was an adult developmental theorist who coined the term "teachable moment" and identified the focus of adulthood having developmental tasks, including getting started in an occupation.

Which of the following cases determined that the duty to warn extended not just to the named victim but to others who might also be near the intended victim and thus, in danger? a. Bradley Center v. Wessner b. Tarasoff v. The Regents of the University of California c. Hedlund vs. Superior Court of Orange County d. Jablonski by Pahls v. United States

Hedlund vs. Superior Court of Orange County The Hedlund case addressed that duty to warn extends beyond the named victim to anyone else who might reasonably be at risk (in the actual case, it was the victim's child). The Jablonski case addressed the need for mental health professionals to consult prior records to determine dangerousness. In the Bradley Center case, the hospital's duty to protect was breached by the negligent release of a dangerous patient who subsequently carried out his threat to kill a readily identifiable person. The ruling determined that the mental health professionals had a duty to ensure that a dangerous person was not released. The Tarasoff case was the beginning of the Duty to Warn/Duty to Protect cases. It's ruling was that counselors have a duty to take reasonable care to protect the intended victim.

What is stressed the most in the trait and factor model of vocational counseling? Matching aptitude and interest profiles with the requirements of jobs Integration of work and self-concept Stages of individual development Decision-making process

Matching aptitude and interest profiles with the requirements of jobs Explanation: Trait and factor career counseling is the approach engineered by Frank Parsons and Edmund Griffith Williamson. Important basic tenets include the concept of matching aptitude and interest profiles with the requirements of jobs. Basically, the belief, according to trait and factor theory, is that career choice is a single event, and there is only one correct type of person for each job.

You read a story about a family with five kids, and then ask your 7-year-old client to tell you about the family - who is older than who, etc. He asks for some paper and a pencil so he can show you. He has not yet mastered: a. Assimilation b. Object permanence c. Inferential reasoning d. Conservation

Inferential reasoning means having a mental representation of something without dependence on concrete manipulation. Assimilation is the concept of generalizing learned mental models; object permanence is the task of understanding something is still there even when it is hidden. Conservation is the developmental task of understanding that a thing itself is no different, even if its appearance is.

Who is LEAST likely to seek mental health services? a. Sean, a Caucasian male b. Marisol, a Hispanic American female c. Edgar, an African American male d. YunLi, an Asian American male

Members of several racial and ethnic minority groups are less likely to seek mental health services than their Caucasian American counterparts, largely due to the stigmas associated with psychotherapy and counseling. In particular, Asian American males have the lowest rates of seeking counseling.

According to Gladding and Corey, group member anxiety may increase during this stage. a. Initial b. Transition c. Working d. Completing

It is in the transition stage that Gladding and Corey found an increase in anxiety as the group members settled into their roles and became more comfortable with the group. This would result in the group leader being challenged.

Joe is 65 years old and has worked 40 years for the same company driving a tanker truck delivering oil and asphalt long distance. Joe is diabetic and is experiencing problems with his vision and cannot handle being on the road. Joe is ready for retirement but still wants to work part-time. Joe's boss would like to keep him around because of his experience and transition him to dispatch where he gives delivery orders to other drivers. According to Super's theory of vocational development what life stage is he in? a. Growth b. Exploration c. Establishment d. Maintenance

Joe is in the Deceleration sub-stage of the Maintenance Stage. Joe is experiencing physical decline in his eye-sight that is affecting his ability to do his current job. Joe wants to work but he cannot continue in the same work activity and changes have to be made. His duties have changed in order to match his declining abilities.

Jose always keeps a pen and pad handy and keeps notes of any pertinent information, decisions, ideas or plans that the group makes during the session. What role has Jerry taken on in the group? a. Personal Assistant b. Progress Note Writer c. Recorder d. Group Historian

Jose has taken on the role of Recorder. He takes notes and writes down and remembers any of the group's decisions, plans, ideas or suggestions.

Reinforcement theory and cognitive information processing are important concepts in whose theory of career counseling? A. krumboltz b. holland c. gottfredson d. axlerad

Krumboltz Developed the learning theory of career counseling (LTCC), based on Bandura's social learning theory. Importance concepts in Krumboltz's theory include reinforcement theory, cognitive information processing, and classical behaviorism as ways of modifying and molding career development and decision making.

Josh lost his best friend in an auto accident in which the two were returning from a summer long adventure prior to starting college. Josh's friend fell asleep at the wheel, the car crossed the median, and hit an oncoming vehicle, killing him instantly and leaving Josh with some injuries. A month has passed and Josh presents in your office. He reports feelings of grief and loss hitting in waves, in addition to depressed mood, inability to feel interest in any activity he previously enjoyed, difficulty concentrating, thoughts of death, feelings of worthlessness, and a desire to sleep all of the time. Josh's mother reports that he appears to be moving through molasses. The best diagnosis for Josh is: Major Depressive Disorder, severe Adjustment Disorder with Depressed Mood Major Depressive Disorder with Atypical Features Uncomplicated Bereavement

Major Depressive Disorder, severe Explanation: While Josh's symptoms started after his auto accident, his symptoms meet criteria for MDD, and the diagnosis of MDD, severe because of the number of depressive symptoms and because the dominance of the mood as depressed and anhedonic. With grief, the usual course is intense sadness when thinking about the loss, with periods of remitted mood.

Marc attends a counseling group for grief and loss. The night he first attends, he is the only person in the group who has lost a child; everyone else is attending the group for end-of-life loss. Marc leaves the group session angry and frustrated and tells his wife that the group was pointless. Marc may be dealing with: a. Poor pregroup preparation b. Perceived goal incompatibility c. Subgrouping d. Groupthink

Marc may have some perceived goal incompatibility between what he is looking for and the goals of the group. It is perceived, so it may not be accurate. There may be poor pregroup preparation as well, but this would be on the part of the counselor, not Marc. Marc wasn't present long enough for subgrouping to be an issue. Groupthink is a social construct.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - 2, (MMPI-2) is considered an example of a _________________ test. a. subjective b. objective c. projective d. predictive

Objective An objective test or assessment usually invokes an answer that is factual. For example, answers are either right or wrong, or a client can choose to answer yes or no, or agree or disagree to certain statements. The client or test-taker's answers are clear-cut and therefore require little or no judgment on the part of the counselor to score the test or assessment. The counselor is to be aware of the patterns of answers that can lead to a conclusion regarding a diagnosis.

Which of the following is not one of Bion's assumptions in group dynamics? a. Dependency b. Fight-flight c. Optimism d. Pairing

Optimism was not one of Bion's assumptions, although he did believe it was important in the successful functioning of a group. Dependency, fight-flight and pairing were all specific components of his group work.

Barry has episodes of panic in which he struggles to catch his breath, his heart pounds in his chest, his hands tingle, and he feels as if he is going to die. These episodes last as long as 20 minutes, and two have resulted in a trip to the emergency room. Barry is terrified he will have another attack at the office, so he will not attend meetings unless he is convinced he can escape unnoticed. Barry can no longer go shopping because he had an attack at the mall. Barry's symptoms are most consistent with: Panic Attacks Social Anxiety Disorder Agoraphobia Panic Disorder

Panic Disorder Explanation: Panic Disorder is characterized by panic attacks and constant worry about an additional attack or significant changes to prevent another attack.

This researcher's work is known as the Stanford Prison experiment. a. Asch b. Milgram c. Zimbardo d. Zajonc

Phil Zimbardo's famous study of randomly assigning a group of students to be prisoners and another group to be guards didn't last as long as it was originally supposed to due to the undue distress by the students involved. Asch studied conformity; Milgram studied obedience to authority and Zajonc's research focused on cockroaches and the phenomenon of social facilitation.

You are running group, and you notice a small side conversation happening between the person sitting next to you and the girl seated on the other side of her. It is disrupting the group, so you look at the young girl who looks away. The group member next to you continues on, and you place a hand on her shoulder. This is an example of: a. Social modeling b. Operant conditioning c. Shaping d. Restructuring

Shaping is learning behavior in small steps that are successive approximations toward the final desired behavior

You come home from work and put down your things. As you walk into the kitchen, you can hear your car door unlocking and relocking, with the 'beep' that indicates the doors are locked. You discover that your son Carson, who is 22 months old, has picked up your keys and is pressing the lock and unlock buttons on the remote, laughing every time the car horn beeps. You would say that your son is engaged in what Piaget referred to as ____. a. tertiary circular reactions b. secondary circular reactions c. primary circular reactions d. reflexes

Piaget described several types of reactions in infancy and childhood. Pushing the buttons on the remote door opener to hear the horn is a tertiary circular reaction because it is intentional. If Adam were doing it by accident, it would be a secondary circular reaction, but because he is purposely pressing the buttons, it is a tertiary reaction.

According to Holland's Needs Theory, a person is said to be conventional if he or she enjoys working in an environment that has: A large number of people Rules An emphasis on physical skills An emphasis on meeting and greeting

Rules Explanation: Someone with a conventional personality type is content to be subordinate and prefers conformity to rules and regulations. Conventional types prefer practical, orderly, clean, systematic, and structured activities. Ambiguity is abhorrent

A career counselor is interested in using a computer guidance system with numerous assessments to measure clients' interests, values and skills. Which of the following is the most comprehensive system? Focus II O*NET SIGI 3 CHOICES

SIGI 3

Your nine-year-old client tells you that he stays quiet because he does not want to get screamed at like his 14-year-old brother does. This is an example of: a. Social modeling b. Operant conditioning c. Shaping d. Restructuring

Social modeling occurs where new behavior is learned from watching other people and events without experiencing the consequences from the behavior or engaging in the behavior.

A college professor is interested in finding the dispersion of her students scores on their final course project. What is the best measure this professor could use? range variance z-score standard deviation

Standard deviation Describes the variability within a distribution of scores. It is the mean of all deviations from the mean.

What approach to career counseling involves studying the individual, surveying occupations and matching the person to the occupations? a. Realistic b. Exploratory c. Trait and Factor d. Investigative

The Trait and Factor approach was developed by Frank Parsons "the Father of Vocational Guidance." This approach became the catalyst for the development of career assessments (test and inventories) as an important tool in career and vocational counseling.

Angel is a 16 year old homosexual male who is struggling with his sexual identity. Angel makes the following statement during the counseling session, "I hate being this way and I rather be by myself then hang with the other queers. This wouldn't be so hard if I had blonde hair and blue eyes." What stage of the Minority Identity Development Model is this client in? a. Stage 1, Conformity b. Stage 2, Dissonance c. Stage 3, Resistance and Immersion d. Stage 4, Introspection

The client is in Stage 1, Conformity. In the state of conformity, the client is in the beginning phase where he is becoming aware of his homosexuality and is struggling with self-acceptance of his sexual identity. In the first stage of the Minority Identity Development Model, the client experiences self-depreciation and struggles with negative self-image and feelings shame. His attitude toward other homosexual peers is also depreciating. The client compares himself to members of the dominant culture and views them as being superior to his own culture.

After forming, a group has found a nice rhythm and starts to work through and reach their goals. According to Bruce Tuckerman's Five Stages of Group Development, what stage is the group in? a. Forming b. Norming c. Storming d. Performing

The group is in the performing stage. According to Bruce Tuckerman's Five Stages of Group Development, the group is in the "performing" stage where the members are participating and doing work. A group in this stage is meeting objectives and reaching its goals. The members know and accept each other and are able to work together and trust each other. The group is flexible and able to manage roles and responsibilities and adapt to changes whenever necessary. The morale and energy of the group is high as people are eager to do work. Not all groups are able to reach this stage, an effective counselor will work hard to get the group as close to this stage as possible.

You are supervising a counseling student and she asks about the most effective and current theory on cross-cultural counseling. The proper response is based on the: a. The melting pot theory b. The egocentric model c. The pyramid theory d. The salad bowl theory

The salad bowl theory highlights the importance of mixing different types of people together but having them maintain their own individual identities (in contrast to the "melting pot" theory.) Answers b and c are not cross-cultural theories

You are seeing a nine-year-old child who had been stashing food from home in his book bag each day because his friend always said she was hungry in the morning when arriving at school. This child's father has taken a strong stance and punished the boy, banning him for two weeks without screen time. The boy's father says that, "You have to teach them young; otherwise, they'll grow up to be burglars and muggers. Can't have that now, can we?" You notice he is in which level of moral reasoning? a. The first b. The second c. The third d. The sixth

The second Kohlberg outlines three levels of moral reasoning. The first is pre-conventional (stages 1 and 2), housing levels one and two where people are more concerned with authority and consequences. The second is the conventional level and contains stages three and four. The father in this question is in the second level because he was concerned more about the effect the child's behavior would have on society (as "burglars and muggers") than on personal consequences. Those in the conventional level focus more on the effect that wrong-doing has on society than on personal consequences. Level 3 contains stages 5 and 6 and focuses on flexible thinking around morals. There is no sixth level of moral reasoning.

In the inner city, an entire 7th grade class witnesses a student steal a teacher's wallet but when questioned the entire class refuses to tell who stole the wallet. One student comments, "Snitches get stitches." Which level and what stage of moral development are the students demonstrating? a. Stage 1 Obedience and Punishment Orientation b. Stage 3 Good Interpersonal Relationships c. Stage 6 Universal Principles d. Stage 5 Social Contract and Individual Rights

The stage where individuals make judgment based on self-chosen principles and moral reasoning is based on individual rights and justice. Here the 7th grade students are operating in the fifth stage of Social Contract and Individual Rights. The 7th graders know what the rules are and why the rules exist. But because of social constructs that are in place that may bring about negative repercussions for the individual who tells, the children make a judgment based upon the social contract they have with their peers and their individual right to protect themselves from negative repercussions such as retaliation or being social ostracized among their peers. The reasoning is, "It's better to stay silent and protect the individual well-being rather than take a stand for justice."

Madelyn is 35 years of age and has not experienced her menstrual cycle in a year. After a visit to the gynecologist, her doctor informs her that she is entering menopause. What type of life event would this be considered? a. A Critical Period b. Non-normative Event c. Developmental Hazard d. Normative Event .

The term non-normative life event describes a significant event in a person's life that can be considered unexpected or unpredictable and would not have been anticipated by the individual at that point in their life span

You are watching your college football team win a game they were not expected to win. The crowd goes wild, and the students storm the field from the stands. Suddenly, you see students climbing the goal posts and attempting to take them down. This is an example of a. inoculation effect b. deindividuation c. mass hysteria d. group polarization

This is an example of people engaging in uncharacteristic behavior when usual identities were reduced. This is not mass hysteria because there is no fear or sense of anxiety.

Erik Erikson is well known for his stages of psychosocial development from birth to death. Whose explanation of career development parallels these 8 stages? a. gottfredson b. tiedman c. super d. holland

Tiedman For Tiedman and O'Hara, career development and its accompanying cognitive development parallel Erikson's 8 stages of psychical development. Believed that each stage of career decision making consists of 2 phases, either anticipation or preoccupation and implementation or adjustment. The individual's task is to differentiate the ego, resolve psychosocial crises, and process developmental tasks in order to successfully navigate career development.

117. "Equal work for equal pay" is the catch phrase that corresponds to: a. Title IX of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 b. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 c. 19th Amendment of the US Constitution d. 21st amendment of the US Constitution

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employers from discriminating against employees on the basis of sex, race, color, national origin and religion. The 19th amendment provided women the right to vote but had no protections for work.

The primary purpose of vocational intervention related to Cognitive Information Processing is: Having the client use cognitive rather than affective decision-making processes Development of new approaches to decision-making processes A reality-check regarding the career decisions that have been made by the client To provide situations that will develop the client's processing abilities

To provide situations that will develop the client's processing abilities Explanation: According to Peterson, Sampson, Reardon, and Lenz's Cognitive Information Processing model, the purpose of career counseling is to improve the client's problem-solving and decision-making skills in relation to career choices.

The scapegoat is the repository for group members' denied and repressed emotions and longings. a. True b. False

True - Members may displace their feelings of aggression onto the scapegoat. What the members dislike in the scapegoat, they dislike in themselves

Interrogation is a TA counseling technique. a. True b. False

True - Transaction analysis is a social psychology developed by Eric Berne in the 1950s. TA improves communication. Interrogation involves forcing the client to answer from the adult ego state through a succession of confrontive questions.

You run into a friend and she has her 3 month old baby girl in a stroller. You bend down to peek and the baby looks at you and begins to cry. What stage of psychosocial development is this baby in? a. Autonomy vs Shame b. Initiative vs Guilt c. Trust vs Mistrust d. Intimacy vs Isolation

Trust vs Mistrust (birth to one years old) is the stage where an infant or toddler begins to develop trust based on the consistency of the caregiver. In this stage, if the caregiver is consistent in meeting the needs of the child the child will develop feelings of trust regarding the world. If the caregiver fails to meet the needs of a child consistently then the child can develop feeling of frustration, abandonment, lack of confidence and develop a sense of mistrust of the world.

Which assessment instrument measures one's ability to demonstrate independence in order to categorize intellectual and developmental delays? Draw-a-Person Test Rorschach Inkblot Test Covi Anxiety Scale Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales

Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Explanation: The focus of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales is the measurement of the adaptive behaviors, including the ability to cope with environmental changes, to learn new everyday skills and to demonstrate independence.

Which of the following are examples of standardized scores that are used to compare different test scores for the same individual stanine and percentile z-score and t-score z-score and stanine percentile and t-score

z-score and t-score z-score shows the distance between the raw score and the population mean in units of standard deviation a t-score also shows the difference between a raw score and the population mean, but the sample size must be above 30 and have an unknown population standard deviation.

Which of the following is NOT a type of generativity as described by Erikson? a. biological generativity b. parental generativity c. teaching generativity d. cultural generativity

teaching generativity Erikson identified 4 types of generativity: biological, parental, technical and cultural. Biological generativity is the reproduction of the next generation or having children. Parental generativity is raising, or parenting, the next generation. Technical generativity relates to teaching or mentoring the next generation, and cultural generativity is the transmission of cultural values to the next generation.

Which of the following would likely not be the result of incomplete adolescent brain development? a. Forgetting an appointment b. Planning to complete a major project in two days c. Back mouthing authority figures d. Leaving for school but returning home after a parent has left for work for 4 of 5 days two weeks in a row

c. Back mouthing authority figures Poor judgment, poor working memory and poor planning and reasoning are effects of incomplete brain development and could lead to answers a, b and d. Bad mouthing authority is indeed a developmental task, but one associated with a need to individuate from parents and develop one's own values, not likely a result of incomplete brain development.