Urinary System
perirenal
A fat mass called the __________ fat capsule surrounds each healthy kidney, providing protective cushioning.
Glomerulus
Blood leaving an afferent arteriole would enter which of the following?
detrusor muscle; transitional epithelium
The bladder wall contains three layers of smooth muscle, collectively known as the __________, and its mucosa consists of __________.
hemoglobin
The color of normal urine is attributed to a pigment resulting from the destruction of __________.
water
ADH stimulates tubular reabsorption of __________.
adrenals
All of the following are organs of the urinary system EXCEPT the __________.
Glomerular capsule, PCT, loop of Henle, DCT, collecting duct
Indicate the correct order in which the filtrate flows through the following structures of the nephron.
renal calculi
Kidney stones are also called __________.
Calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
Starting at the apex of a medullary pyramid, which is the correct sequence of structures through which urine flows to reach the exterior of the body?
urine
The nephron is responsible for __________ formation.
trigone
The smooth triangular region at the base of the bladder is called the __________.
specific
The term used to describe how much heavier urine is than distilled water is __________ gravity.
pyramids
The triangular regions in the medulla of the kidney are called renal __________.
tubular reabsorption
The uptake of substances from the renal tubules of the nephrons is known as __________.
Ureter
This structure carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.
Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion
Urine formation requires which of the following?
Nephrons
What are the structural and functional units of the kidneys that are involved in forming urine?
Renin
What enzyme produced by the kidneys helps to regulate blood pressure?
Renal cortex
What is the most superficial region of the kidney?
In the proximal convoluted tubule
Where does most reabsorption of substances from the glomerular filtrate occur?
Glucose
Which of the following is normally present in the filtrate forced from the glomerular capillaries but not normally present in the urine?
Proteins
Which of the following substances is/are NOT normally present in the filtrate?
Red blood cells
Which of the following substances is/are not normally found in urine, and thus, if present, suggests a problem?
Cystitis
Which of the following terms refers to an inflammation of the urinary bladder?
Polyuria
Which of the following terms refers to the formation of a large volume of urine?
