Urinary System

perirenal

A fat mass called the __________ fat capsule surrounds each healthy kidney, providing protective cushioning.

Glomerulus

Blood leaving an afferent arteriole would enter which of the following?

detrusor muscle; transitional epithelium

The bladder wall contains three layers of smooth muscle, collectively known as the __________, and its mucosa consists of __________.

hemoglobin

The color of normal urine is attributed to a pigment resulting from the destruction of __________.

water

ADH stimulates tubular reabsorption of __________.

adrenals

All of the following are organs of the urinary system EXCEPT the __________.

Glomerular capsule, PCT, loop of Henle, DCT, collecting duct

Indicate the correct order in which the filtrate flows through the following structures of the nephron.

renal calculi

Kidney stones are also called __________.

Calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

Starting at the apex of a medullary pyramid, which is the correct sequence of structures through which urine flows to reach the exterior of the body?

urine

The nephron is responsible for __________ formation.

trigone

The smooth triangular region at the base of the bladder is called the __________.

specific

The term used to describe how much heavier urine is than distilled water is __________ gravity.

pyramids

The triangular regions in the medulla of the kidney are called renal __________.

tubular reabsorption

The uptake of substances from the renal tubules of the nephrons is known as __________.

Ureter

This structure carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.

Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion

Urine formation requires which of the following?

Nephrons

What are the structural and functional units of the kidneys that are involved in forming urine?

Renin

What enzyme produced by the kidneys helps to regulate blood pressure?

Renal cortex

What is the most superficial region of the kidney?

In the proximal convoluted tubule

Where does most reabsorption of substances from the glomerular filtrate occur?

Glucose

Which of the following is normally present in the filtrate forced from the glomerular capillaries but not normally present in the urine?

Proteins

Which of the following substances is/are NOT normally present in the filtrate?

Red blood cells

Which of the following substances is/are not normally found in urine, and thus, if present, suggests a problem?

Cystitis

Which of the following terms refers to an inflammation of the urinary bladder?

Polyuria

Which of the following terms refers to the formation of a large volume of urine?