TExES 291 (Music)

The mnemonic used to remember the spaces of the bass clef is "ACEG" which stands for ___.

"All Cows Eat Grass"

This song is most appropriate for 3-6 grades and provides an opportunity to discuss American history and culture.

"America, the Beautiful"

In the song "Happy Birthday," the beat is the ___ and the melodic rhythm is the ___ to the song.

"Beat" is the underlying pulse. "Melodic Rhythm" is the words.

Name two additional Texas songs that should be taught in elementary school?

"Deep in the Heart of Texas," "The Yellow Rose of Texas."

What patriotic song is often played during major league baseball games?

"God Bless America" is often played _____.

The mnemonic used to remember the lines for the bass clef is "GBDFA" which stands for ___.

"Good Boys Do Fine Always"

Discuss a famous example of a copyrighted song commonly used without permission.

"Happy Birthday to You" is a copyrighted song (1930-2030) and the subject of recent litigation since new evidence has been found that the tune and format of the lyrics was previously published in a songbook for Sunday school.

This song is most appropriate for K-2 and provides an opportunity to discuss American history.

"My Country 'Tis of Thee"

What is the Texas state song and when was it adopted by the Texas legislature?

"Texas, Our Texas" in 1929.

Music Education Strands For K-5 (4)

(1) Music literacy (2) Creative expression (3) Historical/cultural relevance (4) Critical evaluation and response

What tools are used in the Kodaly method?

(1) Solfege; (2) Hand signs; (3) Rhythm syllables; (4) Musical flash cards; (5) Stick notation; (6) Musical ladders

What kind of tone is normal, natural and healthy for children grades K-6?

A "breathy" tone. It is the normal and natural result of typical development of the musculature of the vocal folds; teachers should avoid encouraging children to have a more focused, adult sound at this age as it can cause irreparable physical damage.

Phrase

A musical line that contains groups of pitches, and is similar to a sentence in language. Several musical phrases make up a song just like several sentences make up a paragraph. These phrases can define a song.

What are the seven letters found in the musical alphabet?

ABCDEF and G

List three patriotic songs appropriate for elementary school students. ("Appropriate" means they should be exposed to these songs; the vocal range of the most famous makes it a poor choice for most elementary school performances).

America, the Beautiful; God Bless America; The Star Spangled Banner.

AOSA

American Orff Schulwerk Association

Round

An example of harmony, where everyone sings the melody and the subsequent voices enter at specific intervals after the leader. (Ex: " Row, row, row your boat")

Partner songs

Another example of harmony, were two different songs can be sung at the same time.

Third grade students are going to attend a symphony orchestra concert. You have taught them how to behave appropriately during a concert. Which of the following is one of the rules of appropriate concert etiquette?

Applaud at the end of a song Concert etiquette must be taught to students. They need to understand that you behave differently at a symphony concert than you do at a sporting event or a pop music concert. They must sit quietly, without moving (tapping feet, clapping hands, etc.) and must not talk or sing along to the performance. Clapping should occur at the end of songs and be appropriate for a concert-hall setting (no shouting, whistling, etc.).

The Orff Schulwerk method was created by ____.

Carl Orff

These signs appear at the beginning of a piece of music to indicate the pitch level (either high or low).

Clef Signs (Treble shown.)

Expression

Consists of dynamics and timbre.

What is the best singing range for students K-2?

D above middle-C to the following A.

What is the best singing range for students grade 3-6 (including boys with unchanged voices)?

D above middle-C to the following D.

Third grade students are singing "Take Me Out to the Ballgame" and identify the meter as:

Duple Meter Meter is how the beats are grouped together. When the meter is grouped in 3s it is called Triple Meter, which has a swaying, waltz-like feel.

What songs can usually be used without permission? what song can by copied without obtaining a permission ?

Folk songs - but beware! Copying a folk song from a published work may be a violation of copyright law!

The poem "The Star Spangled Banner" was written by _____ during _____ and later set to music by _____.

Francis Scott Key, the War of 1812, John Stafford Smith.

Snap, clap, patschen and stamp are all types of _____.

Give four examples of body percussion typical in an elementary classroom.

def. Articulation

How a tone is sung or played. For example, Stacatto (short and detached) or legato (smoth and connected).

When someone is singing or playing in tune (with correct pitch and accuracy), they have good ___.

Intonation

Who wrote "America the Beautiful"?

Katherine Lee Bates wrote what song?

Both Orff and Kodaly methods incorporate what type of learning?

Learning by doing

Trans. mezzo forte

Loud

When was "The Star Spangled Banner" approved by Congress as the national anthem?

March 3, 1931

Musical forms are analogous to _____.

Mathematical patterns

The four spaces on the musical staff have a ___ head between two lines.

Note

OAKE

Organization of American Kodaly Educators

What does it mean with a dynamic level is written thusly? pp ff ppp fff

Pianissimo, fortissimo, pianisismo, fortissisimo Very softly, very loudly, very very softly, very very loudly.

A chord (three of more pitches sounding simultaneously) in root position contains which order of notes?

Root, 3rd, 5th A chord in root position is built upon the root or tonic. From the root, the chord increases by thirds. Therefore, rote, 3rd, 5th, would be in root position.

Notes whose duration is _____ have a flag/flags or a beam/beams.

Shorter than one beat.

In first and second grades, children can distinguish between _____ voices of adults and children.

Singing

Both Orff and Kodaly methods utilize what kinds of activities?

Singing, movement, chanting, creating and improvising

Trans. piano

Soft

What are the voice classes of metallophones and xylophones?

Soprano, alto and bass.

What are common substitutions for rhythm names in both Orff and Kodaly?

Ta = quarter Ti = eighth Ta-a = half and so forth Rests = sh of the appropriate number of beats Tiritiri = sixteenth note group For others, see your music specialist. :)

List two musical genres important in Texas.

Tejano and mariachi are _____.

For most elementary classroom teachers, the _____ method will prove to be the most economical, adaptable and beneficial for cross-curricular learning.

The Kodaly Method

In this method, the teacher begins by teaching quality folk songs representative of students' culture. These songs then form the basis for sequential lessons in musical concepts and skills.

The Kodaly Method

Carl Orff created _____.

The Orff Schulwerk method

Audiation

The cognitive process of hearing music inside one's head.

Octave

The distance between one pitch and the next pitch with the same name eight steps apart.

What is stick notation?

The music notation without the note head.

Tempo

The speed of the underlying pulse of the music.

Rhythm

The varied lengths of sounds and silences relative to the underlying beat. In song, the words.

Explain the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998.

This amendment to copyright protection law states that works registered before January 1, 1978, are extended 75-95 years which means that no musical works will enter public domain until January 1, 2019.

Unison

Two sounds of an identical pitch.

All intervals are identified by number except for ___ and ___.

Unison and octave

How can musical performance be evaluated?

Using a rubric can be helpful in evaluating _____.

List the instruments common in mariachi.

Violin, trumpet, guitar and guitarron.

Younger children (K-2) typically confuse dynamics with _____ and _____.

Volume and pitch level. (For example, "high" is interpreted as "loud.")

Which word was changed in "Texas, Our Texas" and why?

When Alaska became a state, the word "largest" had to be changed to "boldest."

Unpitched rhythm instruments or classroom percussion

Wood blocks, triangle, claves, drums, finger cymbals, etc

Orff focuses primarily on _____ whereas Kodaly focuses primarily on _____.

_____ focuses primarily on instruments whereas _____ focuses primarily on singing.

Name four cultural influences on Tejano music.

_____ has been influenced by the folk music of Mexico, Cuba, Germany and the Czech Republic.

Lower brass instruments, the left hand of the piano and lower voices (including changed voices) are usually notated in the _____. The singing range of men.

_____ instruments, the _____ hand of the piano and _____ voices (including _____ voices) are usually notated in the bass clef. The singing range of men.

Treble instruments, the right hand of the piano and higher voices (including children) are usually notated in the _____. The singing range for women.

_____ instruments, the _____ hand of the piano and _____ voices (including children) are usually notated in the treble clef. The singing range of women.

Speech transferred to the body is described as _____.

_____ is described as body percussion.

Tejano music had its origins _____.

_____ originated in about 1690 when the Spanish settled in the area that is now Texas.

Music without an official composer or music whose copyright has expired allowing it be used without permission from the composer/copyright holder.

def. Public domain.

What is solfege?

do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti, do

What are the five basic singing voices?

soprano alto tenor baritone bass

The mnemonic used to remember the names of the lines in the treble clef is "EGBDF" which stands for ___.

"Every Good Boy Does Fine"

The mnemonic used to remember the spaces of the treble clef spell ___.

"FACE"

What are the two primary methods used to teach music?

(1) The Kodaly Method (2) Orff Schulwerk Method

The 6 main goals of the Kodaly Method are:

(1) To instill the love of music into all children; (2) To have children achieve music literacy; (3) To start music education in early childhood; (4) To teach music sequentially; (5) To use quality folk songs; (6) To cultivate the singing voice

"Tune"

(aka "Melody") The singable part of the song.

In ___, children can distinguish between basic instrument families (e.g., woods, metals, skins).

1st & 2nd grade

Orff-Schulwerk Approach

A "learning by doing" approach to teaching music, based on what is most natural to children: singing, moving, chanting, creating, improvising, and playing instruments. In this classroom, every child participates and experiences all aspects of music in a non-competitive atmosphere.

Notes whose duration is shorter than one beat have _____.

A flag(s) or a beam(s).

Ostinato

A pattern that repeats itself.

Dynamics

A term used by musicians to represent the louds and softs in music, and are expressed using the Italian language.

What instruments are unique to Orff Schulwerk and can be found in classrooms all over the world?

Barred (or melody) instruments

Frequently confuse children (K-3) who try to make them the same thing.

Beat & Rhythm "Beat" = The pulse that is felt in the music. "Rhythm" = The melodic rhythm or word rhythm found in the song.

List four common forms for elementary music.

Binary (AB) ternary (ABA) theme and variation (A, A1, A2, A4, etc) rondo (ABACA)

Learning by doing are integral parts of _____.

Both Orff and Kodaly method

Grand Staff

Combines the bass (bottom section) and treble clefs (top section) and can be seen in piano music and some hymns written for singers.

What are the solfege names for the tones of the basic scale?

Do re mi fa sol la ti.

A song w/ one section that keeps repeating the melody, where the A section (or Melody) keeps returning.

Ex: Rondo song (ABACA form)

A song that has a verse/refrain(chorus)/verse structure.

Ex: ternary song (ABA form)

This instrument is the smallest of the barred instruments and comes in only soprano and alto classes.

Glockenspiel.

Musical Staff

Has 5 parallel lines and 4 spaces, and is needed to read a musical tune.

What should the elementary classroom teacher include in musical instruction?

Keeping a steady beat matching pitch (sing in tune) an appreciation for different styles of music expressive performance.

The five lines on the musical staff have a ___ going through note head.

Line

Trans. mezzo piano

Medium Soft

Trans. mezzo piano, mezzo forte

Medium soft, medium loud

The beginning of the "Star-Spangled Banner" & "Happy Birthday" have the same ___ .

Melodic Rhythm "Happy birthday to you" & "Oh say can you see"

Musical ladders are used to show ___ of the music.

Melodic direction

Xylophones, metallophones and glockenspiels are all types of _____.

Melodic, barred instruments.

These are made of metal.

Metallophones.

All intervals are identified by a ___ , except for unison and octave.

Number (e.g., 5th)

Singing, movement, chanting, creating and improvising are all activities using in the _____ & ___ methods?

Orff and Kodaly methods

What three P's that are vital to the teaching process of the Kodaly method?

Preparation presentation practice

What are the 3 P's of the Kodaly method?

Preparation (teaching the folk song), presentation (introducing the musical concept or skill as it relates to the song), practice (practicing that concept or skill on other known songs).

The Kodaly method uses hand signs to

Present a visualization in space of the high-low relationships of the pitches being sung

Meter

Refers to how musicians group the steady beats. Ex: "duple meter" - were the beat's grouped in 2s (can be felt as marching or walking). Ex: "triple meter"- were the beat's grouped in 3s (can be felt as swaying to the music or a waltz).

Orff-Schulwerk Approach begins with speech, b/c it believes that it's tied to ___, the strongest musical element.

Rhythm

What are the main elements of music?

Rhythm Melody Harmony Form Expression

In kindergarten, children can distinguish between the _____ human voices.

Speaking Whispering Calling Singing

Orff-Schulwerk Approach begins with ___, b/c it believes that it's tied to rhythm and rhythm is the strongest musical element.

Speech

The foundational belief of the Orff Schulwerk method is that _____.

Speech is tied to rhythm making rhythm the strongest musical element.

Body percussion

Speech rhythm's that're transferred to the body (snap, clap, patting legs, stamping).

Notes

Symbols that represent pitches placed on the staff.

This step-by-step method was developed by a Hungarian ethnomusicologist who believed the best way to teach music was through the child's native/folk music.

The Kodaly Method

That speech is tied to rhythm making rhythm the strongest musical element, is the foundational belief of ________.

The Orff Schulwerk method

Interval

The distance between two pitches. Ex: "Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star" has an interval of a 5th b/w the 1st and 2nd "twinkle," this means that the 1st pitch (C) and the 2nd pitch (G) are 5 steps apart.

In 2nd-6th grades, children can distinguish between _____ voices.

The five basic singing voices (soprano, alto, tenor, baritone and bass) and orchestral instrument families (strings, winds, brass, and percussion (which includes keyboard instruments).

Form

The internal structure or design of the music, dependent on melody, harmony and in song, text.

Pitch

The pattern of tones (high, low and in-between).

Beat

The pulse that is felt in the music.

Timbre

The tone color in music, Meaning the quality of sound that distinguishes one voice or instrument from another.

What is the purpose of singing rounds such as "Row, Row, Row Your Boat" and when should they be introduced?

To teach harmony; around first and second grade.

Intonation

Tone of voice; it can refer to one being flat (below the pitch) or sharp (higher than the pitch).

Harmony

Usually the accompaniment or supportive sounds to a melody; typically played by a pitched instruments such as piano, guitar, or autoharp.

Non-pitched instruments include: _____.

Wood blocks, triangles, claves, some drums and finger cymbals are usually usually considered _____.

Barred (or melody) instruments

Xylophones, metallophones, and Glockenspiels

These are made of wood.

Xylophones.

What are the 4 orchestral instrument families?

strings winds brass percussion (including keyboard instruments)