Texes Physical Education 158
Misfeasance
(n.) doing a proper act in a wrongful or injurious manner
Equity
(n.) the state or quality of being just, fair, or impartial; fair and equal treatment; something that is fair; the money value of a property above and beyond any mortgage or other claim
Line dances
-2 lines, dancers facing each other -Engage with partners
Maximum Heart Rate (MHR)
220-age
sandwhich method
3 steps are positive specific feedback, specific constructive feedback, and positive specific feedback
Elementary students engage
5 to 7 days a week in sessions of 15 minutes.
Title IX
A United States law enacted on June 23, 1972 that states: "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance."
Deceleration
A decrease in speed
heart rate monitor
A device used to monitor the heart rate while exercising
unsaturated fats
A fat that is liquid at room temperature and found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds.
saturated fats
A fat that is solid at room temperature and found in animal fats, lards, and dairy products.
mixed-ability class
A group of learners whose proficiency levels span a range (e.g. high-beginning, low-intermediate, high-intermediate).
stationary bike
A machine where you ride a bike but stay in one place
Sport Education Model
A model that offers students in physical education an opportunity to experience the various facets of sports while developing skills and learning how to play the game.
Hip Flexors
A muscle group that aids in the flexion of the hip
Dehydration
A serious reduction in the body's water content
Tabata
A style of workout in which there is intense work for 20 seconds followed by 10 seconds of rest
Calories
A unit used to measure the amount of energy contained in foods
constructisvism
A view that children construct knowledge through interaction with objects and others.
Hyperthermia
Abnormally high body temperature
ALT-PE
Academic Learning Time in Physical Education
IEP (Individualized Education Plan)
An *term* is a written plan for a student with disabilities developed by a team of professionals (teachers, special educators, school psychologists, and so on) and the child's parents or caregivers. An *term* is based on a multidisciplinary team's evaluation (MDT) of the chold and describes how the child is doing presently, what the child's learning needs are, and what services the child will need. *Term*s are reviewed and updated yearly. (They are required under Public Law 94-142, IDEA.)
Drop Everything and Read (DEAR)
An identified period of independent silent reading experienced by all learners, including the teacher.
Humanism
An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements
Newton's First Law
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act)
Any educational agency or institution that receives federal funding under any program administered by the Department of Education is subject to regulations protecting the privacy of student educational records.
Upper Body
Arms chest and shoulders.
equality
As a political value, the idea that all people are of equal worth.
Fitts and Posner's stage 2
Associative
Fitts and Posner's stage 3
Autonomous
spatial awareness
Awareness of space, when applied to the body it means an awareness of where one's body is in relation to space.
Simplification
Breaking down skills
digestive system
Breaks down food into smaller molecules. Absorbs these nutrients into the body.
Gastrocnemius
Calf muscle
Modifiacation
Change and Alteration
Lower back stretches
Cobra, upward facing dog, lying on back
Fitts and Posner's stage 1
Cognitive
Dominator
Conflict starter, bully
Relationships
Connections you have with other people and groups in your life.
endocrine system
Consists of glands that control many of the body's activities by producing hormones.
integumentary system
Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail
chronic stress
Continuous stressful arousal persisting over time.
free movements
Controlling the body rather than controlling the movement
five basic nutrition
Dairy, Proteins, Vegetables, Fruit, Grains
Rhythmic activity
Dance and Gymnastics
Hamstrings
Deadlifts, hamstring curls
4 Skills of Qualitative analysis
Develop, Observe, Compare, Provide
Stage 3 Ann Gentile's Motor Learning
Diversification or working on open skill in changing environments
Periodization
Division of a training program into smaller, progressive stages
Arms - Biceps
Dumbbell curls, Barbell curls, Hammer curls, cable curls, Preacher curls.
Descriptive feedback
Feelings or observations that help to identify either errors that need correction or actions that need to be replicated to promote consistent performance
wind up phase
First movement until ball leaves gloved hand Lead leg strides forward while both shoulders abduct, externally rotate and horizontally abduct
Stage 2 Ann Gentile's Motor Learning
Fixation or working on consistency and closed skills
Creative movements
Freedom of expression to move to the beat
Bernstein's Motor learning stage 1
Freezing the limbs, which involves regulating as many degrees of freedom necessary to produce the desired movement
Fitt
Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type
Shoulders (deltoids)
Front Dumbbell Raise Alternate Dumbbell Press Upright Row Lateral Cable Raise
Heart rate training
Getting ones heart rate into different zones, depending on the outcome of specific exercise
Stage 1 Ann Gentile's Motor Learning
Getting the idea of the movement
Constructive feedback
Gives specific details on what the student is doing incorrectly and implicit details on how to improve
HIIT
High Intensity Interval Training: an exercise strategy alternating periods of short intense anaerobic exercise with less intense recovery periods.
Misconceptions
Invalid concepts that students construct using their experiences, expectations, beliefs, and emotions.
interdisciplinary learning
Is an educational process in which two or more subject areas are integrated with the goal of fostering enhanced learning in each subject area.
back latissimus dorsi and rhomboids
Lat pull downs, seated row, bent row, one arm row.
Skinfolds
Layers of fat under the skin that are measured to determine body fatness.
Extensions
Making it longer and harder
Mirroring
Matching certain behaviors of another person(face to Face
Manipulative Skills
Mature Patterns(run while jumping; Walking While twisting.
fat oxidation
Metabolic process that helps create energy.
Karvonen Method
Method to prescribe exercise intensity as a percentage of the heart rate reserve added to the resting heart rate; percent heart rate reserve method.
3 elements of social learning theory
Modeling, reinforcements and social comparision
11-18 years old
Moderate to Vigorous 3 to 7 days a week 20 to 60 minutes.
Skill themes approach
Movement skills and concepts in games, sports, gymnastics, and dance are the basis of this model.
Locomotor Movements
Movement skills that allow an individual to move from one place to another(jumping hopping, Leaping and Running.
smooth movement
Moving from point "A" to point "B" evenly, in ratio to the tempo
Non-locomotor
Moving without traveling(bending, twisting, stretching, reaching, pulling.
preparation phrase
Non throwing side faces target and arm is back with high elbow.
Closed skills
Occur in environments that are stable and predictable, like golf. are often introduced when teaching novice learners.
self-efficacy
One's belief in his or her own ability.
appeaser
Pleaser and conflict avoider
PYFP
Presidential Youth Fitness Program
Overhand Throw
Propelling the ball toward a specific point with the hand and arm.
lower back
Provides stability (Plank holds, Superman exercises, Bridges, Leg lifts, deadlifts.
Chest/Pectoral
Push ups, bench press, Cable crossovers
Fitness logs
Record daily activities after developing a fitness plan
Physiological Adaptions
Regularly engaging cardiovascular physical activity include increased perspiration, stronger and more elastic smooth msucles.
Bernstein's Motor learning stage 2
Releasing the limbs as degrees of freedom gradually increase as skills become more proficient
Back - Erector Spinae
Reverse curls, deadlifts
Contraindications
Risky movements to avoid, jerky movements, locking of joints
jerky movements
Rough and Bouncy
Arms/Triceps
Seated dips, dips, Tricep kickbacks. Overhead extensions.
Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR)
Seeks to promote students ability to take responsibility for their actions.
Matching
Side by side Copies each other
SHAPE America
Society of Health and Physical Education
SMART goals
Specific Measurable Attainable Relevant Time-bound
Quadriceps
Squats, lunges, leg extensions
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)
Stretch muscle statically, contract and stretch muscle statically beyond initial static stretch
Students Rights
Students have a right, as we have previously said, to be assessed in all areas of suspected disability. Students also have the right to be assessed with test instruments related to their specific disability that are neither culturally nor racially biased. Students also have the right to be assessed by qualified personnel. In Texas, we know that that would be a licensed school psychologist or an educational diagnostician
Movement Concepts
Taught personal space(low, medium high)
guided discovery
Teaching model where students learn through explorations, but with directions from teacher.
Cardiovascular Endurance
The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles
Balance
The ability to keep an upright posture while standing still or moving.
General Space
The area within which children can move freely without touching anyone or anything.
Space
The physical gap or interval between two objects
quackery
The selling of useless medical treatments or products
stability
The state or quality of being stable
Fartlek training
This type of training allows an athlete to run at varying speeds, over unmeasured distances, on different terrain (Fartlek is Swedish for 'Speed play'
progressive overload
To gradually increase the amount of overload so that fitness gains occur, but without potential for injury
Continuous training
Training that involves activity without rest intervals. It can be performed at any intensity
Phases of Periodization
Transition, Preparation, Competition
circulatory system
Transports oxygen, waste, nutrients, hormones, heat, etc... around the body
Circuit training
Type of physical activity program in which the person performs a group exercises in a sequence with brief rests between exercises
Cognitivism
Unable to master movement without an understanding of the movement.
liability
Violation of duty.
Leading or Following
When one partner leads and other follows
folk dance
a body or group of dances performed to traditional music that is stylistically identifiable with a specific culture, for which it serves as a necessary or informative part
flow
a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills
immune system
a complex response system that protects the body from bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances
Frostbite
a condition that results when body tissues become frozen
pedometer
a device that calculates distance traveled by counting the number of steps taken
waist circumference
a numerical measurement of the waist, used to assess an individual's abdominal fat and establish ideal body weight
physiological state
a person's ability to physically perform his or her daily functions without limitations, restrictions, or impediments
part practice
a practice strategy that involves practicing parts of a skill before practicing the whole skill
Body Mass Index (BMI)
a ratio that allows you to assess your body size in relation to your height and weight
parasympathetic nervous system
a set of nerves that helps the body return to a normal resting state
Torque
a turning or twisting force
Agility
ability to move quickly and easily
Social or observational learning theory
acknowledges that ones behavior influences others and vice versa
Acute responses
aerobic exercise increasing ventilation, cardiac output.
visual discrimination
allows students to differentiate images
Bound movement
an "effort element" from Laban Movement Analysis in which energy flow is constricted
trait anxiety
anxiety in non-threatening environments, don't do well in high-arousal environments
Constraints
are boundaries that limit or promote movement options
perceptual motor abilities
are the sensory motor aspects of how the body interprets and responds to the environment. Include reaction time, rate control and aiming.
Ethnic dances or ethnological dances
are those performed in primitive tribes and have retained their close kinship with religious ritual and community custom.
Mesomorph
athletic build, large muscle mass
self-monitoring
being attuned to the way one presents oneself in social situations and adjusting one's performance to create the desired impression
Conditioning
body prepared for physical demands
Qualitative Biomechanical Analysis
breaking down the movement into its basic elements and then observing those elements from a biomechanical perspective
amino acids
building blocks of proteins
Scope and Sequence
building concepts and skills consider the development rather than age.
Macronutrients
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Emergency Response
check, care call
trunk
chest, abdomen, and pelvis
heat exhaustion
condition resulting from exposure to heat and excessive loss of fluid through sweating
specific feedback
descriptive feedback is explicit and focus on the skill action
Activity trackers
devices that record step count, distance traveled.
Streamlined
efficient, smooth-running, well run, slick; time-saving, labor-saving
Environmental risks
engaging in physical activities include weather, temperature,.
Treadmills
exercise machines
Bernstein's Motor learning stage 3
exploding the environment which is when the learning is able to preform the task in a variety of situations
Nonfeasance
failing to act
Negligence
failure to take proper care in doing something
techniques used to detect errors in motor performance
familiarizing students with the appropriate skill tasks
Time and Speed
fast and slow
unmotivated or disinterested students
feedback that focuses on the performance of correct actions or skills is more beneficial because this type of feedback fosters engagement in the activity.
Negative feedback
focus' on what is wrong
Directions
forward, backward, sideways, up, down
synovial joints
freely movable joints
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)
given greater latitude to individual states for decision making regarding content area standards, assessment techniques, and corrective actions for low performing schools.
effort
hard work
self-esteem
how much you value, respect, and feel confident about yourself
recovery heart rate
how quickly your heart rate returns to normal right after exercise is stopped
habits
in behaviorism, sets of well-learned responses that have become automatic
Hypokinetic diseases
inactivity or living sedentary lifestyle.
physical proficiency abilities
include both skill related and health related fitness' components or the physiologic aspects of motor ability. Include muscular strength and endurance and coordination
Environmental constraints
include external factors and 2 subcategories 1) physical environment space indoor or outdoor 2) Socio-culture environment includes social and cultural aspects which impact physical activity engagement.
Task Constraints
include movement goals, game rules and equipment used in movement and games
Regulatory Conditions
include things like equipment type, positions of players, and the proximity to the goal. Are important to the movement skill
Accelerometer
instrument for measuring acceleration or vibrations
kinesthetic feedback
involves the teacher manipulating the individual so they can experience the "feel" of proper form
anxiety
is a collection of negative feelings that include fear, worry, and nervousness
state anxiety
is a temporary state of anxiety and is only triggered in certain situations
Emotional Development
is important because students need to manage emotions in order to focus on instruction
auditory discrimination
is the ability to differentiate between sounds
arousal
is the activation of physiological and psychological responses that vary in intensity form resting to extreme happiness
emotional self-regulation
is the control of emotion that start to develop during infancy and becomes more refined by the age of 6
Feedback
is the information that teachers provide to students to improve motor skills
knowledge of results/terminal feedback
is the outcome feedback that occurs after a skill has been preformed.
knowledge of performance
is the quality of performance, often felt by learner while executing the movement or observed while watching the movement.
Motor learning
is the study of skill acquisition processes and included the factors that help or hinder motor skill performance. Can not be observed directly. performance is observed over time to evaluate consistency and proficiency.
Positive transfer
is when a previous learned skill benefits the performance of another skill
Negative skill
is when a previous learned skill impedes the performance of another skill
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
large group of drugs that provide mild pain relief and anti-inflammatory benefits for conditions such as arthritis
follow through
maintaining the motion of the upper body muscles after releasing the string
Safe and equitable
meeting all students needs
malfeasance
misconduct or wrongdoing, especially by a public official
heat cramps
muscle pain and spasm resulting from exposure to heat and inadequate fluid and salt intake
musculoskeletal system
muscles, bones, and joints
core muscles
musculature that supports the trunk (back, spine, abdomen, and hips)
Presidential Youth Fitness Program
national fitness test program.
NSAIDs
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
types of formal assessments
norm-referenced, criterion referenced, and performance based
basal metabolic rate
number of calories needed to keep functioning at rest
techniques used to evaluate motor skills
observation and comparison to the model or skill cues
Types of informal assessment
observation, rating scales, classification methods, environmental assessment, records and personal documents, performance-based assessment
vicarious experience
observations of and discussions with others who have performed some work task
Open skills
occur in dynamic environments where things are always changing, like during team sports.
Integrated physical education model
other subject areas in the real world setting.
abuse
physical or emotional harm to someone
sportsmanship
playing fair and showing respect for opponents
variable practice
practice involving the performance of skills in a wide variety of contexts
Positive feedback
praise on focuses on what is correct
target heart rate zone
range of low intensity and high intensity between 60 and 90 percent.
degrees of freedom
refers to the variations that can take place in a complex movement because of the number of isolated types of movements involved in accomplishing a movement skill.
drag
resistance by friction from air or water moving over a surface
rice
rest, ice, compression, elevation
Metabolic Syndrome
risk factors, high glucose, high blood pressure.
Endomorphs
short and stout and have large bones
verbal cues
short, concise phrases that direct a performer's attention to important environmental regulatory characteristics, or that prompt the person to perform key movement pattern components of skills
cooperator
someone oriented toward working together to maximize the joint benefits to the self and the group
complex carbohydrates
starches found in grains, potatoes, and vegetables
Pathways
straight, curved, zigzag
nonregulatory conditions
such as crowd noise, can be distracting. Learners who are more skilled and have more experience can ignore this.
simple carbohydrates
sugars in fruits, honey, & sugar cane
respiratory system
system responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide using the lungs
Ectomorph
tall and skinny
Cardiovascular Endurance
the ability of the heart, lungs and blood vessels to deliver oxygen to your body tissues
Muscular Endurance
the ability of your muscles to perform physical tasks over a period of time without tiring
buoyancy
the ability or tendency to float in water or air or some other fluid.
Regulation
the ability to control individual movement in joints, limbs and muscles.
Kinesthetic Discrimination
the ability to detect small changes in muscle movement which involve large gross motor development
Coordination
the ability to move fluidly with complex movement skills
Physical Literacy
the ability to move with competence and confidence in a wide variety of physical activities in multiple environments that benefit the healthy development of the whole person
exploitation
the action or fact of treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work.
Muscular Strength
the amount of force your muscles can exert
Base of support
the area on which an object rests
emotional knowledge
the awareness of emotions in other people
self-efficacy
the belief in ones ability to preform motor skills
Metabolism
the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials
etiquette
the customary code of polite behavior in society or among members of a particular profession or group.
Motor Performance
the demonstration of a skill or set of skills. Not permanent, contingent upon other factors. can be observed.
competence motivation
the desire to continue to engage in physical activities even when difficult
sympathetic nervous system
the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
Presciptive feedback
the feedback given to correct error in performance
first aid
the immediate, temporary care given to an ill or injured person until professional medical care can be provided
Associative
the learner has a grasp on the skill and understands the skill movement patterns. Teacher designs the practice activities after identifying the errors and providing corrective feedback.
Cognitive
the learner makes a lot of errors, is inconsistent, and focuses heavily on the skill cues. The teacher is more direct with instructions, which include both verbal instructions and demonstrations.
Autonomous
the movements become automatic and the student can preform skills independently. Learner is able to self correct.
Personal Space
the physical space individuals maintain between themselves and others
Absorption
the process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another.
Acceleration
the rate at which velocity changes over time; an object accelerates if its speed, direction, or both change
Power
the rate at which work is done
angular velocity
the rate of change of angular position of a rotating body
Stress
the reaction of the body and mind to everyday challenges and demands
Carbohydrates
the starches and sugars present in foods
Exercise biomechanics
the study of forces and their effects on human in exercise and sport
Frostnip
the superficial local tissue destruction caused by freezing; it is limited in scope and does not destroy the full thickness of skin
excretory system
the system that removes waste from your body and controls water balance
Heredity
the transmission of traits from one generation to the next
individual constraints
two categories 1)structural constraints, which include physical body structures 2) Functional constraints which include psychological and cognitive conditions
Back: Trapezius
upper back and shoulders, back of the neck; shrugs the shoulders, extends the head back
orienteering
uses map-reading skills
General Feedback
vague and not focused on the skill performance
Micronutrients
vitamins and minerals
zero transfer
when a previous learned skill has no impact on the learning of future skills
vasodilation
widening of blood vessels
Overload
working the body harder than it is normally worked
Overexertion
working the body past the level of exhaustion creating negative effects