Texes Physical Education 158

Misfeasance

(n.) doing a proper act in a wrongful or injurious manner

Equity

(n.) the state or quality of being just, fair, or impartial; fair and equal treatment; something that is fair; the money value of a property above and beyond any mortgage or other claim

Line dances

-2 lines, dancers facing each other -Engage with partners

Maximum Heart Rate (MHR)

220-age

sandwhich method

3 steps are positive specific feedback, specific constructive feedback, and positive specific feedback

Elementary students engage

5 to 7 days a week in sessions of 15 minutes.

Title IX

A United States law enacted on June 23, 1972 that states: "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance."

Deceleration

A decrease in speed

heart rate monitor

A device used to monitor the heart rate while exercising

unsaturated fats

A fat that is liquid at room temperature and found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds.

saturated fats

A fat that is solid at room temperature and found in animal fats, lards, and dairy products.

mixed-ability class

A group of learners whose proficiency levels span a range (e.g. high-beginning, low-intermediate, high-intermediate).

stationary bike

A machine where you ride a bike but stay in one place

Sport Education Model

A model that offers students in physical education an opportunity to experience the various facets of sports while developing skills and learning how to play the game.

Hip Flexors

A muscle group that aids in the flexion of the hip

Dehydration

A serious reduction in the body's water content

Tabata

A style of workout in which there is intense work for 20 seconds followed by 10 seconds of rest

Calories

A unit used to measure the amount of energy contained in foods

constructisvism

A view that children construct knowledge through interaction with objects and others.

Hyperthermia

Abnormally high body temperature

ALT-PE

Academic Learning Time in Physical Education

IEP (Individualized Education Plan)

An *term* is a written plan for a student with disabilities developed by a team of professionals (teachers, special educators, school psychologists, and so on) and the child's parents or caregivers. An *term* is based on a multidisciplinary team's evaluation (MDT) of the chold and describes how the child is doing presently, what the child's learning needs are, and what services the child will need. *Term*s are reviewed and updated yearly. (They are required under Public Law 94-142, IDEA.)

Drop Everything and Read (DEAR)

An identified period of independent silent reading experienced by all learners, including the teacher.

Humanism

An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements

Newton's First Law

An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act)

Any educational agency or institution that receives federal funding under any program administered by the Department of Education is subject to regulations protecting the privacy of student educational records.

Upper Body

Arms chest and shoulders.

equality

As a political value, the idea that all people are of equal worth.

Fitts and Posner's stage 2

Associative

Fitts and Posner's stage 3

Autonomous

spatial awareness

Awareness of space, when applied to the body it means an awareness of where one's body is in relation to space.

Simplification

Breaking down skills

digestive system

Breaks down food into smaller molecules. Absorbs these nutrients into the body.

Gastrocnemius

Calf muscle

Modifiacation

Change and Alteration

Lower back stretches

Cobra, upward facing dog, lying on back

Fitts and Posner's stage 1

Cognitive

Dominator

Conflict starter, bully

Relationships

Connections you have with other people and groups in your life.

endocrine system

Consists of glands that control many of the body's activities by producing hormones.

integumentary system

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail

chronic stress

Continuous stressful arousal persisting over time.

free movements

Controlling the body rather than controlling the movement

five basic nutrition

Dairy, Proteins, Vegetables, Fruit, Grains

Rhythmic activity

Dance and Gymnastics

Hamstrings

Deadlifts, hamstring curls

4 Skills of Qualitative analysis

Develop, Observe, Compare, Provide

Stage 3 Ann Gentile's Motor Learning

Diversification or working on open skill in changing environments

Periodization

Division of a training program into smaller, progressive stages

Arms - Biceps

Dumbbell curls, Barbell curls, Hammer curls, cable curls, Preacher curls.

Descriptive feedback

Feelings or observations that help to identify either errors that need correction or actions that need to be replicated to promote consistent performance

wind up phase

First movement until ball leaves gloved hand Lead leg strides forward while both shoulders abduct, externally rotate and horizontally abduct

Stage 2 Ann Gentile's Motor Learning

Fixation or working on consistency and closed skills

Creative movements

Freedom of expression to move to the beat

Bernstein's Motor learning stage 1

Freezing the limbs, which involves regulating as many degrees of freedom necessary to produce the desired movement

Fitt

Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type

Shoulders (deltoids)

Front Dumbbell Raise Alternate Dumbbell Press Upright Row Lateral Cable Raise

Heart rate training

Getting ones heart rate into different zones, depending on the outcome of specific exercise

Stage 1 Ann Gentile's Motor Learning

Getting the idea of the movement

Constructive feedback

Gives specific details on what the student is doing incorrectly and implicit details on how to improve

HIIT

High Intensity Interval Training: an exercise strategy alternating periods of short intense anaerobic exercise with less intense recovery periods.

Misconceptions

Invalid concepts that students construct using their experiences, expectations, beliefs, and emotions.

interdisciplinary learning

Is an educational process in which two or more subject areas are integrated with the goal of fostering enhanced learning in each subject area.

back latissimus dorsi and rhomboids

Lat pull downs, seated row, bent row, one arm row.

Skinfolds

Layers of fat under the skin that are measured to determine body fatness.

Extensions

Making it longer and harder

Mirroring

Matching certain behaviors of another person(face to Face

Manipulative Skills

Mature Patterns(run while jumping; Walking While twisting.

fat oxidation

Metabolic process that helps create energy.

Karvonen Method

Method to prescribe exercise intensity as a percentage of the heart rate reserve added to the resting heart rate; percent heart rate reserve method.

3 elements of social learning theory

Modeling, reinforcements and social comparision

11-18 years old

Moderate to Vigorous 3 to 7 days a week 20 to 60 minutes.

Skill themes approach

Movement skills and concepts in games, sports, gymnastics, and dance are the basis of this model.

Locomotor Movements

Movement skills that allow an individual to move from one place to another(jumping hopping, Leaping and Running.

smooth movement

Moving from point "A" to point "B" evenly, in ratio to the tempo

Non-locomotor

Moving without traveling(bending, twisting, stretching, reaching, pulling.

preparation phrase

Non throwing side faces target and arm is back with high elbow.

Closed skills

Occur in environments that are stable and predictable, like golf. are often introduced when teaching novice learners.

self-efficacy

One's belief in his or her own ability.

appeaser

Pleaser and conflict avoider

PYFP

Presidential Youth Fitness Program

Overhand Throw

Propelling the ball toward a specific point with the hand and arm.

lower back

Provides stability (Plank holds, Superman exercises, Bridges, Leg lifts, deadlifts.

Chest/Pectoral

Push ups, bench press, Cable crossovers

Fitness logs

Record daily activities after developing a fitness plan

Physiological Adaptions

Regularly engaging cardiovascular physical activity include increased perspiration, stronger and more elastic smooth msucles.

Bernstein's Motor learning stage 2

Releasing the limbs as degrees of freedom gradually increase as skills become more proficient

Back - Erector Spinae

Reverse curls, deadlifts

Contraindications

Risky movements to avoid, jerky movements, locking of joints

jerky movements

Rough and Bouncy

Arms/Triceps

Seated dips, dips, Tricep kickbacks. Overhead extensions.

Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR)

Seeks to promote students ability to take responsibility for their actions.

Matching

Side by side Copies each other

SHAPE America

Society of Health and Physical Education

SMART goals

Specific Measurable Attainable Relevant Time-bound

Quadriceps

Squats, lunges, leg extensions

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)

Stretch muscle statically, contract and stretch muscle statically beyond initial static stretch

Students Rights

Students have a right, as we have previously said, to be assessed in all areas of suspected disability. Students also have the right to be assessed with test instruments related to their specific disability that are neither culturally nor racially biased. Students also have the right to be assessed by qualified personnel. In Texas, we know that that would be a licensed school psychologist or an educational diagnostician

Movement Concepts

Taught personal space(low, medium high)

guided discovery

Teaching model where students learn through explorations, but with directions from teacher.

Cardiovascular Endurance

The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles

Balance

The ability to keep an upright posture while standing still or moving.

General Space

The area within which children can move freely without touching anyone or anything.

Space

The physical gap or interval between two objects

quackery

The selling of useless medical treatments or products

stability

The state or quality of being stable

Fartlek training

This type of training allows an athlete to run at varying speeds, over unmeasured distances, on different terrain (Fartlek is Swedish for 'Speed play'

progressive overload

To gradually increase the amount of overload so that fitness gains occur, but without potential for injury

Continuous training

Training that involves activity without rest intervals. It can be performed at any intensity

Phases of Periodization

Transition, Preparation, Competition

circulatory system

Transports oxygen, waste, nutrients, hormones, heat, etc... around the body

Circuit training

Type of physical activity program in which the person performs a group exercises in a sequence with brief rests between exercises

Cognitivism

Unable to master movement without an understanding of the movement.

liability

Violation of duty.

Leading or Following

When one partner leads and other follows

folk dance

a body or group of dances performed to traditional music that is stylistically identifiable with a specific culture, for which it serves as a necessary or informative part

flow

a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills

immune system

a complex response system that protects the body from bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances

Frostbite

a condition that results when body tissues become frozen

pedometer

a device that calculates distance traveled by counting the number of steps taken

waist circumference

a numerical measurement of the waist, used to assess an individual's abdominal fat and establish ideal body weight

physiological state

a person's ability to physically perform his or her daily functions without limitations, restrictions, or impediments

part practice

a practice strategy that involves practicing parts of a skill before practicing the whole skill

Body Mass Index (BMI)

a ratio that allows you to assess your body size in relation to your height and weight

parasympathetic nervous system

a set of nerves that helps the body return to a normal resting state

Torque

a turning or twisting force

Agility

ability to move quickly and easily

Social or observational learning theory

acknowledges that ones behavior influences others and vice versa

Acute responses

aerobic exercise increasing ventilation, cardiac output.

visual discrimination

allows students to differentiate images

Bound movement

an "effort element" from Laban Movement Analysis in which energy flow is constricted

trait anxiety

anxiety in non-threatening environments, don't do well in high-arousal environments

Constraints

are boundaries that limit or promote movement options

perceptual motor abilities

are the sensory motor aspects of how the body interprets and responds to the environment. Include reaction time, rate control and aiming.

Ethnic dances or ethnological dances

are those performed in primitive tribes and have retained their close kinship with religious ritual and community custom.

Mesomorph

athletic build, large muscle mass

self-monitoring

being attuned to the way one presents oneself in social situations and adjusting one's performance to create the desired impression

Conditioning

body prepared for physical demands

Qualitative Biomechanical Analysis

breaking down the movement into its basic elements and then observing those elements from a biomechanical perspective

amino acids

building blocks of proteins

Scope and Sequence

building concepts and skills consider the development rather than age.

Macronutrients

carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

Emergency Response

check, care call

trunk

chest, abdomen, and pelvis

heat exhaustion

condition resulting from exposure to heat and excessive loss of fluid through sweating

specific feedback

descriptive feedback is explicit and focus on the skill action

Activity trackers

devices that record step count, distance traveled.

Streamlined

efficient, smooth-running, well run, slick; time-saving, labor-saving

Environmental risks

engaging in physical activities include weather, temperature,.

Treadmills

exercise machines

Bernstein's Motor learning stage 3

exploding the environment which is when the learning is able to preform the task in a variety of situations

Nonfeasance

failing to act

Negligence

failure to take proper care in doing something

techniques used to detect errors in motor performance

familiarizing students with the appropriate skill tasks

Time and Speed

fast and slow

unmotivated or disinterested students

feedback that focuses on the performance of correct actions or skills is more beneficial because this type of feedback fosters engagement in the activity.

Negative feedback

focus' on what is wrong

Directions

forward, backward, sideways, up, down

synovial joints

freely movable joints

Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

given greater latitude to individual states for decision making regarding content area standards, assessment techniques, and corrective actions for low performing schools.

effort

hard work

self-esteem

how much you value, respect, and feel confident about yourself

recovery heart rate

how quickly your heart rate returns to normal right after exercise is stopped

habits

in behaviorism, sets of well-learned responses that have become automatic

Hypokinetic diseases

inactivity or living sedentary lifestyle.

physical proficiency abilities

include both skill related and health related fitness' components or the physiologic aspects of motor ability. Include muscular strength and endurance and coordination

Environmental constraints

include external factors and 2 subcategories 1) physical environment space indoor or outdoor 2) Socio-culture environment includes social and cultural aspects which impact physical activity engagement.

Task Constraints

include movement goals, game rules and equipment used in movement and games

Regulatory Conditions

include things like equipment type, positions of players, and the proximity to the goal. Are important to the movement skill

Accelerometer

instrument for measuring acceleration or vibrations

kinesthetic feedback

involves the teacher manipulating the individual so they can experience the "feel" of proper form

anxiety

is a collection of negative feelings that include fear, worry, and nervousness

state anxiety

is a temporary state of anxiety and is only triggered in certain situations

Emotional Development

is important because students need to manage emotions in order to focus on instruction

auditory discrimination

is the ability to differentiate between sounds

arousal

is the activation of physiological and psychological responses that vary in intensity form resting to extreme happiness

emotional self-regulation

is the control of emotion that start to develop during infancy and becomes more refined by the age of 6

Feedback

is the information that teachers provide to students to improve motor skills

knowledge of results/terminal feedback

is the outcome feedback that occurs after a skill has been preformed.

knowledge of performance

is the quality of performance, often felt by learner while executing the movement or observed while watching the movement.

Motor learning

is the study of skill acquisition processes and included the factors that help or hinder motor skill performance. Can not be observed directly. performance is observed over time to evaluate consistency and proficiency.

Positive transfer

is when a previous learned skill benefits the performance of another skill

Negative skill

is when a previous learned skill impedes the performance of another skill

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

large group of drugs that provide mild pain relief and anti-inflammatory benefits for conditions such as arthritis

follow through

maintaining the motion of the upper body muscles after releasing the string

Safe and equitable

meeting all students needs

malfeasance

misconduct or wrongdoing, especially by a public official

heat cramps

muscle pain and spasm resulting from exposure to heat and inadequate fluid and salt intake

musculoskeletal system

muscles, bones, and joints

core muscles

musculature that supports the trunk (back, spine, abdomen, and hips)

Presidential Youth Fitness Program

national fitness test program.

NSAIDs

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

types of formal assessments

norm-referenced, criterion referenced, and performance based

basal metabolic rate

number of calories needed to keep functioning at rest

techniques used to evaluate motor skills

observation and comparison to the model or skill cues

Types of informal assessment

observation, rating scales, classification methods, environmental assessment, records and personal documents, performance-based assessment

vicarious experience

observations of and discussions with others who have performed some work task

Open skills

occur in dynamic environments where things are always changing, like during team sports.

Integrated physical education model

other subject areas in the real world setting.

abuse

physical or emotional harm to someone

sportsmanship

playing fair and showing respect for opponents

variable practice

practice involving the performance of skills in a wide variety of contexts

Positive feedback

praise on focuses on what is correct

target heart rate zone

range of low intensity and high intensity between 60 and 90 percent.

degrees of freedom

refers to the variations that can take place in a complex movement because of the number of isolated types of movements involved in accomplishing a movement skill.

drag

resistance by friction from air or water moving over a surface

rice

rest, ice, compression, elevation

Metabolic Syndrome

risk factors, high glucose, high blood pressure.

Endomorphs

short and stout and have large bones

verbal cues

short, concise phrases that direct a performer's attention to important environmental regulatory characteristics, or that prompt the person to perform key movement pattern components of skills

cooperator

someone oriented toward working together to maximize the joint benefits to the self and the group

complex carbohydrates

starches found in grains, potatoes, and vegetables

Pathways

straight, curved, zigzag

nonregulatory conditions

such as crowd noise, can be distracting. Learners who are more skilled and have more experience can ignore this.

simple carbohydrates

sugars in fruits, honey, & sugar cane

respiratory system

system responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide using the lungs

Ectomorph

tall and skinny

Cardiovascular Endurance

the ability of the heart, lungs and blood vessels to deliver oxygen to your body tissues

Muscular Endurance

the ability of your muscles to perform physical tasks over a period of time without tiring

buoyancy

the ability or tendency to float in water or air or some other fluid.

Regulation

the ability to control individual movement in joints, limbs and muscles.

Kinesthetic Discrimination

the ability to detect small changes in muscle movement which involve large gross motor development

Coordination

the ability to move fluidly with complex movement skills

Physical Literacy

the ability to move with competence and confidence in a wide variety of physical activities in multiple environments that benefit the healthy development of the whole person

exploitation

the action or fact of treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work.

Muscular Strength

the amount of force your muscles can exert

Base of support

the area on which an object rests

emotional knowledge

the awareness of emotions in other people

self-efficacy

the belief in ones ability to preform motor skills

Metabolism

the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials

etiquette

the customary code of polite behavior in society or among members of a particular profession or group.

Motor Performance

the demonstration of a skill or set of skills. Not permanent, contingent upon other factors. can be observed.

competence motivation

the desire to continue to engage in physical activities even when difficult

sympathetic nervous system

the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations

Presciptive feedback

the feedback given to correct error in performance

first aid

the immediate, temporary care given to an ill or injured person until professional medical care can be provided

Associative

the learner has a grasp on the skill and understands the skill movement patterns. Teacher designs the practice activities after identifying the errors and providing corrective feedback.

Cognitive

the learner makes a lot of errors, is inconsistent, and focuses heavily on the skill cues. The teacher is more direct with instructions, which include both verbal instructions and demonstrations.

Autonomous

the movements become automatic and the student can preform skills independently. Learner is able to self correct.

Personal Space

the physical space individuals maintain between themselves and others

Absorption

the process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another.

Acceleration

the rate at which velocity changes over time; an object accelerates if its speed, direction, or both change

Power

the rate at which work is done

angular velocity

the rate of change of angular position of a rotating body

Stress

the reaction of the body and mind to everyday challenges and demands

Carbohydrates

the starches and sugars present in foods

Exercise biomechanics

the study of forces and their effects on human in exercise and sport

Frostnip

the superficial local tissue destruction caused by freezing; it is limited in scope and does not destroy the full thickness of skin

excretory system

the system that removes waste from your body and controls water balance

Heredity

the transmission of traits from one generation to the next

individual constraints

two categories 1)structural constraints, which include physical body structures 2) Functional constraints which include psychological and cognitive conditions

Back: Trapezius

upper back and shoulders, back of the neck; shrugs the shoulders, extends the head back

orienteering

uses map-reading skills

General Feedback

vague and not focused on the skill performance

Micronutrients

vitamins and minerals

zero transfer

when a previous learned skill has no impact on the learning of future skills

vasodilation

widening of blood vessels

Overload

working the body harder than it is normally worked

Overexertion

working the body past the level of exhaustion creating negative effects