TExES Sped EC-12 161

Which of the following statements best describes a formative assessment?

Formative assessments measure what students know along the way.

Universal Screener

An assessment administered to all students to gather data and form groups, such as intervention groups

Disability

Any hindrance or difficulty imposed by physical, mental, or emotional problems

Scarlett is a student in sixth grade who qualifies for special education as having an intellectual disability. To be academically successful, Scarlett requires her curriculum to be modified to a kindergarten level in all content areas. What would be an appropriate goal in Scarlett's IEP?

By the end of the second grading period, when given objects and a visual for a number, Scarlett will demonstrate an understanding of the quantities that numbers to 10 represent by counting out the designated number of objects with 90% accuracy in four out of five trials over four sessions, as measured by observation, data, and work samples.

Which of the following is a chromosomal condition that is associated with intellectual disability, a characteristic facial appearance, and weak muscle tone along with cognitive delays and intellectual disability?

Down syndrome

Which of the following statements about Extended School Year (ESY) services is accurate according to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)?

Eligibility for ESY is determined annually.

How does formative assessment differ from summative assessment?

Formative assessment allows the teacher to gather information to shift their teaching as needed during the lesson; summative assessment provides the teacher information at the end of a unit of study to adjust their teaching in the future.

Development

Growth, adaptation, or change over the course of time

Why is oral reading often used instead of silent reading when assessing a student's reading skills and determining their reading level?

Hearing the frequency and types of errors can help the teacher determine why the student struggled with the passage.

How should fluency practice for a struggling reader differ from fluency practice for a student who is on or above grade level?

It should use a text at the student's reading level regardless of how far below grade level that is.

A first-grade teacher plans her reading lessons so that they always include time for the teacher to read at least part of the text aloud to students. What is one way in which teacher-modeled reading can benefit students' fluency skills?

Listening to the teacher read will help students learn to develop prosody in their own reading.

Ms. Trask wants to create an authentic assessment to test her students about angles in triangles. Which of the following should she do first?

Look at the standards to determine what a meaningful task that students could complete to demonstrate their knowledge.

A student who has recently arrived in America after a long immigration process and periods living in refugee camps often gets up and wanders around the room during instruction and continually blurts out answers without waiting to be called on. Which of the following would be the most appropriate course of action for the teacher to take?

Make a connection with the student and review classroom procedures and norms with him and confer with the ELL case manager to share information.

Which of the following statements is not a component of measurable IEP goals?

Measurable goals based on the student's grade level.

Verbal Skills

Spoken and heard language talking

Curriculum-Based Assessments

testing the curriculum being taught

Spina bifida is a developmental birth defect characterized by:

an incomplete closure of the neural tube.

What is the primary goal of summative assessments?

measuring student achievement

Chelsea made a quick trip to the store to pick up 6 items. The costs of the items are listed below. What is the range of the prices for this trip? $2.31, $1.97, $2.58, $2.87, $1.54, $2.86

$1.33 The range is the difference between the largest and smallest number: 2.87 - 1.54 = 1.33.

Jackie is building with blocks. She has 14 red blocks, 18 blue blocks, 22 yellow blocks, 10 green blocks, and 16 orange blocks. If she picks out a block at random, what is the probability that it is orange?

1/5

Dyslexia

A disorder manifested by a difficulty in learning to read, write, or spell, despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence, and sociocultural opportunity

Ethnicity

A group of people who share a common language, heritage, and/or other traits. Some ethnicities in the US include Asians, Germans, and African Americans

Performance-Based Assessment

A kind of assessment that requires students to show mastery of specific skills by demonstrating, producing, or performing something designing and performing experiments, building models, writing poems or shorts stories, and developing portfolios

Orthopedic Impairment

A physical disability where the bones or muscles do not work like a typical peer; many use braces or a wheelchair Cerebral Palsy, Spina Bifida, Paraplegic

A special education teacher is communicating with a high-need parent of one of her students. The parent is frustrated that the teacher sometimes does not respond to emails sent later in the day until the following school day and feels that her concerns are not being respected. The parent requests the teacher's cell phone number so that she can text for daily updates on her child's behavior during each day. Which of the following options would be the most appropriate course of action for the teacher?

Suggest an in-person meeting to address the parent's concerns.

As shown below, a figure was cut along the dotted line to form a second figure. What statement is true about the figures?

The area of the 2 figures is congruent, but the perimeter of the second figure is greater.

Before introducing a new text, a teacher leads a discussion about a theme that students will encounter during the reading and asks questions about how the theme is relevant to the students' lives. What is the primary benefit of having a pre-reading discussion?

To help students make connections with the text.

Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate for a student who continues to struggle to learn how to read grade-level texts fluently?

Working with a reading specialist daily to practice decoding skills and reading strategies.

In order to practice the drafting stage of the writing process, a teacher might ask her students to do which of the following activities?

Write for five minutes about a teacher-designated topic without worrying about structure or grammar.

A student with autism and multiple disabilities lives in a rural school district that does not have adequate programming to meet his needs. He will attend school in a nearby urban district with the appropriate program. The parents are unable to provide transportation to the urban LEA program. Does the rural school district need to provide transportation to and from the program at no cost to the family?

Yes, as this is the legal responsibility of the rural school district

Regarding the violations of the Local Education Agency (LEA) code of conduct for students with disabilities and the days of removal, are half-day removals considered a day?

Yes, for students with any disabilities According to legal precedence, removal for any part of the day is considered a day of removal and constitutes a change of placement.

Which of the following behaviors of a three-year-old may indicate speech impairment to the parents?

a continuous tongue thrust

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

a number representing a person's reasoning ability as compared to the norm for their age

Which student profiled below would more than likely qualify for Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act?

a student who needs related services

Response Accommodation

allows students to complete assignments in different ways scribe, word processor, calculator, spelling or grammar device

Which disability below is most often caused by fetal alcohol syndrome?

intellectual disability

Formative Assessments

Assessment for learning. Usually mid-instruction assessment with the purpose of assessing student progress and informing the teacher so instruction can be altered as needed. graphic organizers, games

Accommodations

Assistance or changes to the learning process to allow the student to learn the same material as others (Changes HOW they learn) Extended time on a test

A special education teacher is planning a lesson for her first-grade resource ELA class to support the development of phonemic awareness amongst her students. Which of the following students is demonstrating phonemic awareness?

a student who can listen to the word sit read aloud and identify that the first sound is /s/

Which of the following best characterizes a student with an intellectual disability?

a student with notably below sub-average intelligence, presenting during the developmental period, and with adaptive delays

Formal Assessments

a usually post-instruction assessment with the purpose of assessing student knowledge, retention, and application. Often involve the use of a standardized rubric or scoring guide based on several criteria. chapter tests, semester tests

Bias

Prejudiced feelings, outlook, or leanings for or against a particular person, race, ethnicity, age, or group, often without taking others' opinions into consideration. assuming all English language learners are less intelligent than native English speakers

A sixth-grade teacher is teaching her students how to identify credible sources and check articles for trustworthiness and accuracy. Which activity would best help students analyze the credibility of news sources?

Present students with two articles covering the same event and conduct a compare and contrast activity.

Rae is a fifth-grade student with an intellectual disability who spends a portion of her day in a general education classroom. Recent assessment data shows that she is performing at a third-grade math level. Rae is able to solve one-digit multiplication problems using arrays and number lines and is making continuous progress in solving two-digit by one-digit multiplication problems. The general education teacher is currently planning a lesson on multiplying three-digit numbers by two-digit numbers using standard algorithms. Which of the following modifications would be most appropriate for the general education teacher to provide for Rae?

Provide Rae with alternate assignments covering two-digit by one-digit multiplication.

Which of the following best describes the primary role of mentor texts in writing instruction?

Provide a clear example of a genre that students can use to guide stylistic and/or structural choices.

A special education teacher has a student whose parents do not speak English. What is the most appropriate way for the teacher to communicate with parents?

Provide copies of IEP documents and other paperwork in English as well as the parents' native language.

Which of the following is the most appropriate way for a teacher to help young students develop an understanding of print elements?

Provide direct and indirect instruction on concepts like punctuation, the progression of text, and the difference between letters, words, and sentences.

A special education teacher is planning phonological awareness instructional activities to support a group of students struggling with these skills. To properly scaffold instruction in phonological awareness, a teacher should present skills in which order?

Rhyming, Onset Identification, Phoneme Blending, Phoneme Manipulation

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Social and/or communication issues that can also impact behavior; can also include intellectual disabilities or learning differences Autism, Aspergers, Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)

A student with ADHD struggles to pay attention for long assessments such as state-wide standardized tests. Which of the following is a likely testing accommodation that might appear on that student's IEP?

The student will take the test in a small group rather than in the general education classroom and may take movement breaks between sections.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

a disorder in which a person has intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and feels compelled to repeatedly perform rituals and routines (compulsions) to try to ease anxiety A person with OCD can display constant irrational worry about germs or excessive concern with safety or orderliness.

Depression

a disorder of the brain that leads a person to feelings of sadness that persist and interfere with everyday life Symptoms of depression can include loss of interest in activities one used to enjoy, difficulty sleeping or oversleeping, change in weight, and loss of energy.

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

a plan created by a committee of general and special educators, parents, specialists, and administrators to provide a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) that is tailored to their needs and goals. IEP Goals

A fifth-grade student was asked to multiply 15 and 35. His work is provided below. As his teacher, what remediation would you plan on providing?

a remedial lesson on place value

The skills of telling time and reading environmental signs are likely to be seen in an IEP for a student in 12th grade who has:

a severe-to-profound intellectual disability.

A student with a learning disability experiences negative side effects from their ADHD medication. Which of the following accommodations may be appropriate for the ARD committee to consider in designing the IEP for this student?

a snack during the morning

Which of the following would NOT be an appropriate incentive to offer a fourth-grade student who exhibits impulsive behaviors and blurts out inappropriate comments during class?

a soda

A high school special education teacher has a student who has bipolar disorder. In order to continue to teach the student skills that will help them be successful after graduation, the teacher has implemented:

a standard, specific schedule in order to reduce the occurrence of manic episodes.

A second-grade student is being monitored for reading using a multi-tiered Response to Intervention model. The student has been receiving tier 2 supports in his general education classroom for six months and is continuing to struggle on standardized assessments. The next steps for the teacher should be:

refer the student for evaluation and possible Tier 3 supports

A third-grade student with learning disabilities requires constant redirection when working in collaborative groups. The teacher requests the special education teacher begin the initial evaluation process. What is the best response to provide the general education teacher?

refer the teacher to the RtI process

Shifting Hearing Impairment

refers to a temporary or fluctuating decrease in hearing which interferes with a student's ability to access the general education curriculum

Aphasia

refers to the loss of the ability understand or express speech as the result of damage to the brain

Which of the following is the best example of a formative assessment and summative assessment? The answer choices are formatted using the following sequence: formative assessment; summative assessment

response to questions during teaching; end of unit test

Which of the following situations would be the most logical instance to provide calculation aids to a student in a sixth-grade math inclusion class?

restorative justice

The teachers of a student who uses a communication board have determined that the student is able to only accurately use half of the symbols on the communication board when interacting with staff and peers. What is the next best step to support the student to develop a more accurate use of the communication board?

reteaching the unknown symbols and focus on context

All of the following are assessed using a functional behavior assessment (FBA) except:

rewards that might help motivate the student to lessen the negative behavior.

The results for a student who has been tested for special education eligibility show that the student has a discrepancy between achievement and ability, specifically in the areas of reading and math. The student likely has a disability of:

specific learning disability.

An individual education plan (IEP) has many components. Some of the required components are listed correctly below, with the exception of:

specific programs to be used.

A student is attempting to determine the pronunciation and meaning of a word while reading a sentence. Which of the following could help with this unfamiliar word? Select all answers that apply.

structural analysis contextual analysis

Which of the following considerations would NOT be included in the process of determining whether or not a student is eligible as having an emotional disability?

student's adherence to a medicine and therapy regime

Presentation Accommodation

allows students to access information in ways other than reading standard print large print, braille, human reader, audio recording

Which of the following activities to build understanding of the alphabetic principle would be the most advanced?

in independent small groups, students use block manipulatives with letters and graphemes on each of the sides to make and sound out new words

The purpose of the procedural safeguard document is to:

inform guardians of the legal protections during the evaluation and IEP process.

Which of these is not a specific learning disability?

intellectual disability

Which of the following disabilities is not included in the 13 disability categories specified by IDEA?

mental retardation

Which of the following would not be appropriate for teaching math to students with emotional disturbance?

modifying the pacing of units

Congenital

present from birth Congenital conditions account for 1.5% of unintentional deaths.

Mrs. Jones is a fourth-grade reading specialist and has been asked by a number of teachers how to enhance the comprehension skills of their students, especially with expository text. Mrs. Jones checks for the teachers' understanding of various comprehension strategies. Which one of the following responses is NOT a comprehension strategy?

using phonological awareness skills

Emotional Disturbance / Emotional Disability

A mental illness that impacts their behavior and ability to function in the classroom Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Obsessive-compulsive Disorder

Speech or Language Impairment

A struggle with verbal communication that impacts their ability to effectively communicate thoughts or ideas in the classroom Lisps, Speech Impediments, Language Impairment, Communication Disorders

Multiple Disabilities

A student who has disabilities in more than 1 of the above categories Multiple Disabilities

Children who are eligible in the area of developmental delay have a significant delay (typically defined as 25% decrease in ability in comparison to same-aged peers) in two or more areas of development. Which of the following areas below is not an area in which a child may be identified as having a developmental delay?

Academic skills are not a classification of developmental delay. Although students with developmental delays often struggle to acquire and demonstrate academic skills, this is the result of other areas of deficit, such as cognitive skills or social/emotional skills.

Visual Impairment

Any loss of vision that cannot be fully corrected with lenses Visually Impaired, Blind

Alisha is a newly enrolled fourth grade student. She has a Section 504 accommodation plan due to Type I diabetes. Alisha became faint during class today and fell out of her chair onto the floor. Which of the following steps should her teacher take after ensuring that Alisha is safe?

Document the incident and notify any necessary school staff members as well as Alisha's parents.

Behaviorism

Learning theory rooted in the notion that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment

Hearing Impairment

Partial hearing loss that can improve or worsen over time. Students with hearing aids that correct the loss can still qualify for services Hearing Impaired

Students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are more likely than peers to have which of the following co-existing conditions?

Students with ADHD are more likely than other peers to have a mood disorder such as anxiety or depression.

Deaf-Blind

Students with both vision and hearing loss; visual or hearing impairment services alone would not adequately address their needs Deaf-Blind

Epilepsy

a central nervous system disorder that causes sudden seizures that may or may not be convulsive

Assistive Technology

any item, piece of equipment, or product system that is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of children with disabilities Audiobook

Irreversible Hearing Impairment

any permanent decrease in hearing which interferes with a student's ability to access the general education curriculum

A student has a speech disorder that is characterized by repeated sound errors that are not developmentally appropriate for the student's age. The student's sound errors are frequent and impact his intelligibly when speaking to peers and adults. Over the past year, the student has become more aware of his sound errors and is now reluctant to participate in class discussions due to fear that he will be mocked for his speech. His parents have said that he appears sad and does not socialize as much at family gatherings. The student is most likely to qualify for speech therapy services for which type of condition?

articulation disorder

Severe Intellectual Disability

classified as an IQ range from 20-25 up to around 35-45

Moderate Intellectual Disability

classified as an IQ range from 35-45 up to around 50-55

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

condition resulting from the consumption of alcohol by a pregnant mother and characterized by brain damage and issues with growth and development

The major difference between intellectual disability and deafness is that:

intellectual disability is related to below-average intellectual ability, while deafness is a hearing impairment that is so severe a child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing.

Dysgraphia

language-based disorder, in which one struggles with the mechanics of writing resulting in impaired or illegible handwriting Messy handwriting (due to issues such as poor formation of letters, improper size, spacing between letters or words, or slant of words) is the main sign of dysgraphia.

Which of the following is atypical language development between 2-3 years of age?

less than 50 words by age two

Schizophrenia

long-term disorder involving a breakdown in the relationship between thought, emotion, and behavior which can lead to faulty perception, innappropriate actions and feeling, withdrawal from reality, and mental fragmentation

In developing a behavior intervention plan (BIP), it is essential that each identified behavior includes baseline data related to frequency, duration, intensity, and latency. This data will enable professionals implementing the BIP to

measure the effectiveness of interventions

Tourette's Syndrome

neurological disorder that affects the nervous system, causing involuntary sounds and movements, sometimes with the compulsive vocalization of obscenities

Contractures

permanent tightening of the muscles, tendons, skin, and nearby tissue, that causes joints to shorten and become stiff

A teacher provides students a table on the historical populations of the United States during the 19th century, divided by decade. Which of the following would be the most appropriate display for the information?

-a histogram A histogram is best suited to numerical data that is sorted into bins, such as decades here.

Simplify the expression: 3(10)2

300

What is the perimeter of a square with an area of 81 cm2?

36 cm A square has congruent sides, so if the area is 81 cm2, then one side is 9 cm. Since a square has four sides, 9 cm x 4 = 36 cm.

There are 9 regular parallelograms that compose a single large one. If the perimeter of each of the regular parallelograms is 14, what is the perimeter of the large figure?

42

Simplify the expression: 3x + 2(3x - 2) + 5 - 2(2x + 1)3x+2(3x−2)+5−2(2x+1)

5x-1 First, each value from the front of each set of parentheses must be distributed into the parentheses and multiplied appropriately, with attention to positive and negative signs: 3x + 6x - 4 + 5 - 4x - 23x+6x-4+5-4x-2. Next, like terms must be collected to be combined: (3x + 6x - 4x) + (-4 + 5 - 2)(3x+6x-4x)+(−4+5-2). Finally, like terms can be combined: 5x - 15x-1.

Which of the following scenarios would suggest that a student needs additional instruction or remediation in phonemic awareness?

A first-grader is frequently leaving vowels out of words (eg. writing "cat" as "ct.").

What community groups could offer social learning opportunities for students with disabilities?

All of the above

Other Health Impairment (OHI)

An impairment related to a student's ability to focus and maintain attention during instruction ADD, ADHD, Seizures, Cancer, Diabetes

Task Analysis

Breaking a skill into small steps to guide students toward accomplishing a goal

Multi-modality learning approaches are recommended for students with disabilities. Which of the following multi-modality approaches could be used to help elementary students learn about different types of trees and where they grow?

Bringing small saplings or branches into the classroom and inviting students to touch and observe the trees, and then share what they have learned using Think Pair Share.

How can a special education teacher develop a lesson plan for an inclusion classroom that demonstrates appropriate knowledge of using an approved curriculum to plan lessons?

Develop a post-assessment that includes questions aligned with state standards.

A student with Cerebral Palsy is moving from his elementary school to the district's middle school. In his elementary school, he was placed in a general education classroom with one-on-one paraprofessional support for some of the day and spent two hours each day receiving OT (occupational therapy) and PT (physical therapy) services outside of the classroom. Which is most likely to be true of his new placement?

He will likely continue to be placed in a general education setting for some of the day and continue to receive OT and PT support as appropriate.

Auditory Learning

Learning primarily by hearing things Lectures

Non-Verbal Skills

Non-spoken communication body language

Which of the following procedural safeguards is included in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)?

Parents have the right to obtain an Individual Education Evaluation (IEE) if they are in disagreement with the school district's evaluation.

Self-Care

The ability to independently take care of one's self Going to the restroom

Which of the following statements about Individualized Family Service Plans (IFSP) for children with developmental delays is accurate?

The child is identified as having at least a 25% delay in two or more areas.

Dylan, a high-school senior diagnosed with severe ADHD, loves fashion. She plans to work at a local boutique when she graduates. Her teacher helps to prepare her for this role, pairing with a local shop owner to give Dylan real-world experience and to create a smooth transition for Dylan after graduation. The teacher practices other skills with Dylan in school, such as customer service, self-advocacy, and clear communication. By pairing with the shop owner and helping Dylan to develop the skills to function independently and confidently, the teacher is showing that she understands which best practice?

The importance of teaching different skills across different learning environments and how these factors can impact student learning and behavior, as well as increase independence and competence.

A student who uses a wheelchair and needs healthcare services related to a breathing machine is enrolled in special education services. He is considered medically fragile and requires nursing care 24 hours a day. The school would like to share the cost of the nurse with the family. How the cost be legally shared?

The school can work with the insurance company to share costs, but there cannot be a cost to the family.

Ms. Jones is going to introduce the concept of squaring a binomial. Which of the following models would be the most inappropriate to use?

This model does not show the correct way to square a binomial.

True or False: The Local Education Agency (LEA) must guarantee the protection of the confidentiality of the student records during collection, storage, disclosure, and destruction.

True, the LEA is responsible for the confidentiality of the student records.

Which of the following areas should be considered when evaluating the quality of life of a 15-year-old student who has significant physical disabilities?

ability to experience social interaction with peers

Ms. Cooper uses think-pair-share as a way to evaluate progress and adapt instruction. Which type of assessment is this?

formative assessment

Academic Goals

foundational, content specific standards to address the real work experiences Practice making change to work at a store as a cashier

Fetal alcohol syndrome can be prevented by:

good prenatal care.

Language Delay

language is developed in a typical manner, but more slowly than average

Which of the following IDEA categories of disability impacts the highest percentage of students?

specific learning disability

Expressive Language

the ability to express meaning through language

Which of the following is NOT a required component of an IEP?

the most recent academic grades for the student

Kate is starting a new babysitting job in which she will make $7 per hour that she works. Currently, she owes her parents $15, which she will have to pay back from her earnings. Below is a table of the amount of money Kate has saved since starting her job. Which of the following equations could best be used to demonstrate the relationship between x and y? Total hours worked, x Amount of Money Saved, y 0 -15 2 -1 4 13 6 27

y=7x−15 This matches the values in the table. If Kate makes $7 per hour, this represents her slope. The $15 she owes her parents represents the y-intercept and is negative.

A student with a disability has a deficit in the area of working memory. This student would most likely benefit from being taught strategies such as

repeating the steps in a given task

A parent is upset about a program that is being implemented as part of their child's special education services. What can the parent do to adjust these services?

request an ARD meeting to discuss the student's services

Public Law 94-142:

was signed into law in 1975 and requires all public schools accepting federal funds to provide equal access to education and one free meal a day for children with physical and mental disabilities.

A special education teacher is incorporating the use of readers' theater into her weekly literacy instruction. Which of the following reading skills is this teacher most likely focusing on with this activity?

fluency

Oppositional defiant disorder, or ODD, is a behavioral disorder that is NOT characterized by which of the following behaviors?

focused and highly intense interests

A teacher wishes to check student comprehension of a concept taught in today's math class. What would be the best type of assessment for him to use?

formative

During social studies instruction, the teacher periodically asks the students to spend a few minutes and write in their journals on the information just discussed. What type of assessment is being used in this social studies class?

formative

Mr. Waller begins an English lesson on the structure of sentences. After a few example sentences, Mr. Waller asks each student to list the parts of a sentence. As the students write down the parts of a sentence, Mr. Waller walks around the room looking at their answers. After a few minutes, Mr. Waller returns to the front of the class and resumes instruction. Which type of assessment is being used by Mr. Waller?

formative

Mrs. Janes begins each day with a warm-up question that reviews material taught the day before. Students write their responses individually and then they discuss as a class. While they are writing, she moves around the room reading each response. What type of assessment is this?

formative

Which type of assessment allows students to show their thinking and allows the teacher to analyze their cognitive process through feedback, observations, and discussions?

formative

A sixth-grade special education teacher is providing instruction on human body systems in a co-taught science class. The teacher would like to determine students' current level of understanding and gaps in learning to prepare additional lessons in the unit. Which of the following assessments should be used to address this?

formative assessment

In the middle of a unit on lunar cycles, Mr. Rice hands out drawing paper and gives his students the following task: A new moon is always high in the sky at noon. Use what you know about the positions of the sun, moon, and Earth during a new moon to draw a diagram to show why a new moon is in the sky at noon. After the students finished their drawings, Mr. Rice looked at them before he planned the next unit in the lesson. Mr. Rice used this activity as which of the following?

formative assessment

When deciding the least restrictive environment (LRE) for a student with disabilities, what should the IEP team consider?

frequency, location, duration, and intensity of the identified services needed by the student

Curriculum-based assessment is a valuable tool for special education teachers because the assessment:

provides information to the teacher regarding how well the student is mastering the curriculum with the current service schedule.

A parent-teacher conference is hosted for a seventh grade student with an IEP. During the conference, a new Exceptional Student Education (ESE) teacher informs the parent that because the student is reading four grades below grade level, he will not pass the end of course exam. Another more experienced ESE teacher speaks with this staff member after the conference. Which of the following comments from the experienced ESE teacher would be most beneficial for a newer teacher?

"All students can learn. Consider what accommodations may be provided to support the student in preparing for the end of course exam." The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) mandates student participation in state and district assessments. The instructional goals should be written based on the individual student's present level of performance and provide an opportunity to access, participate, and progress within the general education curriculum. If the student is at risk for failure, the team should consider what additional goals, accommodations, and specially designed instruction may be provided to allow the student to make progress.

Miss Kalie, the school secretary, gets to know Jordan, a new elementary student who has transferred to the district. The new student has obvious behavioral struggles coming to school in the morning, and has already been sent to the office many times to sit with Miss Kalie due to oppositional behaviors in the classroom. The student receives IEP services. Miss Kalie and the special education teacher have been in close contact in regards to tracking Jordan's behaviors and time in the office to best help support Jordan. Jordan has moved into the house next door to the school secretary's best friend, Amy. Amy keeps trying to talk to Miss Kalie about the student and what's happening in the school. The best response Miss Kalie can give to her friend is:

"Jordan is a great kid! You're lucky to be his neighbor!"

Exit Slips

A short formative assessment given by a teacher after completing a lesson to determine the degree to which students have learned the material taught in the lesson.

Achievement Test

A standardized test designed to measure levels of knowledge, understanding, abilities, or skills acquired in a particular subject already learned State assessments

Which of the following is an example of a formative assessment?

asking students to complete an exit ticket to gauge understanding and adjust instruction based on students' responses

Juan is 5 feet tall and casts a shadow that is 10 feet long. If the flagpole casts a shadow that is 30 feet long, how tall is the flagpole?

15 feet

Self-Assessment

Self-review of one's progress with the assignment Rubric, Exit Ticket

What is the primary reason for giving students standardized assessments each year?

It compares them to age- and grade-level-equivalent peers to evaluate progress.

Informal Assessments

More flexible than formal assessments and can be adjusted to fit the situation and particular needs of the student being tested observations during a lesson

All of the following are ways to determine a student's reading level except:

asking students to separate multisyllabic words into individual syllables or word parts.

When a change is proposed to a student's individual education plan (IEP), federal law requires school personnel to:

provide written notice of the change to the guardian(s).

Which of the following is not an example of assistive technology?

adapted pencil grips

In a middle-school language arts classroom, a successful reading program should:

allow for student-selected texts.

Passive-aggressive behavior is best described as:

being uncooperative, being noncommunicative, and/or avoiding responsibilities.

A student who requires a sign language interpreter most likely has a classification of:

deaf.

Which of the following would be the least helpful for a teacher to use with a second-grade student that has dyslexia?

long handwriting assessments

The semester exam administered to students at the end of the term is considered to be a:

summative assessment.

Local Education Agency (LEA)

the education agency responsible for the school

Lizzie is a high-school student who recently acquired a Traumatic Brain Injury due to a horseback riding incident. One of the lingering issues that Lizzie is dealing with is uncontrolled seizures. It will be important for Lizzie's teachers to understand which TWO of the following, when it comes to seizure management? Select all answers that apply

what Lizzie's seizures look like and how long they last possible seizure triggers for Lizzie

A third-grade student with a degenerative neurological disorder and dysphagia requires an adult to assist with feedings. Which of the following would be most important for a special education teacher to know?

what type of consistency a student's food and liquids should be

A high school student with intellectual disabilities has expressed an interest in working at a clothing store. He would like to stock shelves and help with displays in the store. Which of these transition activities would provide the best training for him to prepare for employment at a store?

working alongside typical students in the school's spirit store, selling hats and shirts

Mia is a first-grade student with a learning disability and is struggling with the concept of subtraction. On her assignments, she frequently adds two numbers, regardless of whether the problem calls for addition or subtraction. Her teacher has tried asking Mia to circle the addition or subtraction symbol before solving the problem, but Mia continues to add numbers rather than subtract. Which of the following would be the most appropriate strategy for the teacher to take next?

working with Mia in a small group in which students use unifix cubes to show the act of adding and subtracting two numbers by joining and separating the cubes

A student is asked to find the y-intercept of a line. What formula does the student need to use?

y = mx + b In this formula, b represents the y-intercept. A student could use this formula to find the y-intercept of a line by solving for b.

Mary is a student in Ms. Jones's special education math class. She has been asked to complete an assignment that is at her level but that requires prolonged mental effort. The teacher notices that she is near the end of the assignment but hasn't made progress in several minutes and is instead staring out the window. Ms. Jones knows Mary can finish if she can just keep at it. Which of the following comments would be the most appropriate and beneficial way to help motivate Mary to finish the assignment?

"You're so close to the end! Why don't you go get a quick drink from your water bottle and come back and finish this up? I bet it will feel so good to finish this in class so it won't be homework tonight!"

Stuart needs to run by the store on his way to school. He begins at home, which on a coordinate plane is represented by the point (0,4). He walks to the store, which is the equivalent of walking 2 units right and 4 units down. After grabbing something to eat for lunch, he walks 3 units to the left and 5 units up to school. What point represents the school?

(-1, 5) From (0, 4), he ends up at the store which is at (2, 0). From there, he heads to school which is located at (-1, 5).

Triangle ABC has been plotted on a coordinate graph with the points A (-3, 1), B (-1, 3), and C (-1, 1). If the triangle is translated 5 units right and 2 units down, what are the new coordinates of point A?

(2, -1) A translation of a geometric figure moves the entire figure to a new location in the same coordinate plane. If the movement is a shift to the right, the x-coordinate (first coordinate) should be increased. If the movement includes a shift down, the y-coordinate (second coordinate) should be decreased. Therefore, if the point (-3, 1) is shifted 5 units to the right and 2 units down, the new point will be (-3 + 5, 1 - 2) = (2, -1).

Two color counters are often used to model addition and subtraction of integers. The red counters represent negative integers; the yellow represent positive integers. If the counters above were used to model the addition, what would be the result?

-2 The problem pictured above is -7 + 5 = -2. Using the chips, a red and a yellow chip are paired together to form a "zero-pair"-a model of -1 + 1 = 0. Pairs are matched and removed from the group leaving two red chips unmatched. This results in a representation of an answer of -2.

Jessie draws a marble from the bag shown and then, without replacing the first marble, he draws a second one. Which expression shows the probability that he drew a red marble both times?

-3/10 • 2/9 This is an example of dependent events. P(red) = 3/10 for the first draw. However, the first marble is not returned to the bag, changing our sample to 9 marbles. If the first marble drawn was red, that leaves only 2 red marbles, so on the second draw, P(red) = 2/9. The probability of both events happening is the product: 3/10 • 2/9.

A teacher is teaching his students about converting between units. He gives the students a project where they have to build a map of a room using units of their choice to an appropriate scale. He gives students rulers, measuring tape, and assorted objects like shoes and sticks to make their model. He finds that many students are confused by the assignment. Which of the following will improve the activity? Select all answers that apply.

-Give students an exemplar of previous students' work so they have an idea of the desired work product. -Provide a rubric that details how the project will be graded. -Interact with students to hear and gently correct their thoughts.

A seventh-grade teacher is teaching his students to determine area of circles. He wants to use manipulatives to help students truly understand the material. He brings coins of various sizes so students can measure and calculate area. He then has students count the number of drops of water that fit on each coin to see how closely the two are related. Which activities would improve this activity? Select all answers that apply.

-Include accommodations for students with disabilities who may have trouble handling coins, rulers, and droppers. -Add an additional set of manipulatives so that students can experience more than one activity.

A teacher is teaching his students about converting between units. He gives the students a project where they have to build a map of a room using units of their choice to an appropriate scale. He gives students rulers, measuring tape, and assorted objects like shoes and sticks to make their model. He finds that many students are confused by the assignment. Which of the following will improve the activity? Select all answers that apply.

-Interact with students to hear and gently correct their thoughts. -Provide a rubric that details how the project will be graded. -Give students an exemplar of previous students' work so they have an idea of the desired work product.

Which of the following is not a required member of an Admission Review Dismissal (ARD) meeting?

the parent's legal counsel

Ms. Colon, a new fifth-grade teacher, is planning her math lessons for the grading cycle. She thinks of all of the topics she needs to teach and makes discrete daily lessons. Each unit has an opening pre-test. Each lesson has instruction, guided practice, and independent practice. Which of the following are methods she should incorporate into her lesson planning? Select all answers that apply.

-Plan time each day for students to explain concepts they have learned to their peers. -Plan each lesson with a closure activity. -Instead of making single lesson plans, first create a thematic unit around which to frame her lessons.

Students in Mr. Jaffrey's class were discussing in pairs if the following mapping diagram represents a function: As Mr. Jaffrey was circulating, he overheard Reena tell her partner that the relation is not a function because every input gives the same output. Of the following, which is the best response for Mr. Jaffrey to give Reena?

-Reena, you are incorrect. Even though each input gives the same output, there is only one output for every input, so the relation still represents a function. The only thing that determines if a relation is a function is if each input gives only 1 output. This is true for this relation, so it is a function.

A sixth-grade teacher is beginning a unit on probability. She utilizes the following steps in planning her unit: Determine the necessary prerequisite skills. Begin planning probability activities that involve the collection of data. Determine what the students already know by using a KWL chart. Plan the final assessment for the unit. What is the best order for the teacher to organize these steps?

-V, I, III, II The teacher should begin by planning the final assessment. This serves as her destination goal, where she wants her students to be at the end of the unit. Once the assessment is developed, the teacher needs to determine what prerequisite skills are necessary for successful mastery. The third step would be to assess what the students already know about probability. The teacher should follow the steps: plan assessment, determine prerequisite skills, determine what students already know, and plan activities to get to the destination.

Zoey is an eighth-grade student with ADHD. She shows a strong understanding of various pre-algebra concepts during class and is often able to explain concepts to her peers. However, her class assignments are often incomplete, causing her grades to misrepresent her abilities. Which of the following accommodations would be most beneficial for Zoey? Select all answers that apply.

-allowing Zoey to take breaks at designated stopping points during assignments -providing Zoey with a quiet area of the room to work on assignments

What type of assistive technology could help a third-grade student who has dyslexia and, therefore, difficulty reading? Select all answers that apply.

-audiobooks -optical character recognition -text-to-speech

Which of the manipulative materials below would be most suitable for teaching decimal notation to the hundredths place? Select all answers that apply.

-decimal squares -base ten blocks

Which of the following are accommodations allowable under IDEA? Select all answers that apply.

-providing large print materials -providing extended time for tests

During back-to-school inservice, the third-grade teaching team is planning their weekly schedule. What factors should be considered as they create a schedule? Select all answers that apply.

-transition times and activities -creating a similar routine day to day

Which of the following is a protection under Section 504 that may be provided for an eligible student with a disability?

A student is provided with the use of an elevator in order to physically access second floor classes in the school building.

Which of the following statements is true of the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)?

1% of students per state may be eligible for alternative assessment.

Rick pulled a card at random from a normal deck, noted it, replaced it, shuffled, and drew again. His draws were as follows: 10, J, 10, K, 1, 2, 6, 10, 11, 4 What is the probability that he will draw a 10 on the next draw?

1/13 If the cards are replaced and shuffled, each draw is a simple independent event. You should ignore the extra information of what he drew so far. Since there are 4 10's in a standard deck of 52 cards, the probability of a 10 is 4/52 = 1/13.

A survey was taken of all 1,400 students at Ash Valley Elementary and ⅛ said that their favorite lunch menu item was spaghetti. Which of the following computations can be used to determine the number of students who claimed spaghetti as their top choice?

1400 × 0.125

Which of the following attributes would be most indicative of an expressive language disorder?

A student provides one-word answers when responding verbally and provides limited details in written responses.

An occupational therapist may be asked to consult with teachers and share recommendations for which of the following situations?

A student who has arthritis is having difficulty holding a pencil and writing legibly.

A student with a moderate physical disability is beginning transition services. What strategies can the teacher use to maximize his ability to gain effective employment?

A student with a moderate physical disability is beginning transition services. What strategies can the teacher use to maximize his ability to gain effective employment?

A gas pump can pump a quarter gallon of gas every five seconds. If a person is filling up an empty gas tank that can hold 18 gallons of gas, how long will it take the gas pump to fill the empty gas tank?

6 minutes If a gas pump can pump a quarter of a gallon every five seconds, then the pump can deliver a gallon of gas every 20 seconds, and 3 gallons of gas every minute. If the tank is 18 gallons, then it will take 6 minutes (3 gallons per minute × 6 minutes = 18 gallons).

What is the perimeter of the shaded portion of the figure?

68 in To find the perimeter, add the perimeter of the outside with the perimeter of the inside. P=[2(11)+2(8)]+[2(9)+2(6)]=38+30=68 \text{ in}P=[2(11)+2(8)]+[2(9)+2(6)]=38+30=68 in

The following project would be appropriate for teaching reading at which grade level? Students select a character from their independent reading books and complete a character analysis on that character. They must select a trait possessed by the character and find three pieces of evidence from the text to support their thesis. They use sticky notes to mark each piece of evidence and later use their analysis to write an essay.

6th grade

A teacher draws a 10x8 grid on the board without any "X"s in the grid. The teacher then writes "X"s in one and a half rows of the grid. The teacher asks the students to create an equation to represent blocks left on the grid, if the "X"s represent the blocks that have been removed. Which of the following is the best equation in response to the teacher's question?

80-15

A mathematics teacher determines that the median score for the most recent test was 80 percent. Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of the result?

A mathematics teacher determines that the median score for the most recent test was 80 percent. Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of the result?

Which of the following situations would not be beneficial for classroom management in a seventh-grade co-taught science classroom?

A teacher allows students to play a game at the start of class to incentivize hard work for the rest of the period.

A kindergarten student with developmental delays uses a picture and symbol board for communication. What is the primary reason that students use this type of tool?

A picture and symbol board allows students with limited language abilities to communicate needs, wants, and choices.

Portfolio

A collection of student's work and achievements that is used to assess past accomplishments and future potential; can include finished work in a variety of media and can contain materials from several courses over time

Which two of these would be appropriate accommodations for a student while maintaining the integrity of the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)?

A fifth-grade student with severe dyslexia is working on a research paper. The student will be graded like other students, except his spelling will not count until the final draft. He uses a word processor to assign spelling corrections on rough drafts.. A ninth-grade student is working on maps in World Geography. He has a visual impairment, so the maps are enlarged to 20-point font size, and he is provided large-type labels with black print on a white background to place on the countries, rather than writing the name over the color.

Mr. Etsel is a new teacher in seventh grade, and he received a questionnaire about Carson, who was recently diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) by his pediatrician. The special education team is doing a Full and Individual Evaluation (FIE), and part of the evaluation includes gathering data from Carson's teachers. Mr. Etsel does not understand why additional information is needed. What can the special education teacher tell him?

A formal evaluation is required by law, and it will be used to determine eligibility for special education services.

K-W-L Chart

A graphic organizer used throughout a unit that shows what students know (K), want to know (W), and learned (L)

Raquel has an orthopedic impairment that causes fine motor deficits. Raquel's testing accommodations include a human scribe. Which of the following is a reason for this accommodation?

A human scribe can record Raquel's responses legibly.

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)

A label applied to individuals who have great difficulty concentrating on what they are doing

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A label applied to individuals who have great difficulty concentrating on what they are doing AND are extremely active, impulsive, distractible, and excitable

Dyscalculia

A math-related learning disability characterized by an inability to grasp and remember math concepts, rules and formulas, despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence, and sociocultural opportunity

The Code of Ethics of Texas Educators summarizes expectations for teachers personally and professionally. According to the code, can a teacher be held accountable for material posted on personal social media?

A teacher can be held accountable because the code refers to conduct both inside and outside of school.

Which is the best example of an Exceptional Student Education (ESE) teacher conducting a work sample analysis?

A teacher reviews a writing sample to identify types of grammatical errors.

Which of the following situations is a violation of FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act)?

A teacher speaks with an occupational therapist about a student's IEP goal progress during class.

The development of gross motor skills is likely to be highly negatively impacted by a/an:

A visual impairment negatively impacts the development of gross motor skills because the visual impairment alters the way the individual interacts with the physical world around them.

Which of the following conditions is most commonly associated with the category of "other health impairment"?

ADHD

A first-grade teacher is finishing a unit on place value and composing/decomposing numbers using hundreds, tens, and ones. Which of the following would help to ensure that students continue practicing this skill even after the unit is finished?

ALL OF THE ABOVE

A fourth grader, Vincent, is struggling with divisibility rules. He cannot consistently remember and apply all of the rules when given a number which frustrates him. The teacher feels that his behavior is becoming increasingly disruptive during math time. He has a behavior intervention plan (BIP) and accommodations. What should the special education teacher recommend?

Address the issue now while continuing with the current planned curriculum.

A newly registered student who has an IEP for an specific learning disability has enrolled in a high school Exceptional Student Education (ESE) program at the beginning second semester. The student was placed in ninth grade courses to align with transcripts sent from his previous school. The assigned ESE teacher has reviewed the student's records which included data collected at the beginning of eighth grade, and the teacher determined that the student was performing on a 6.0 level in reading and a 5.0 level in math according to records from his previous school. The other students in the teacher's class are currently performing on approximately a 3.0 level in reading and a 2.5 level in math. How can the teacher meet this student's needs?

Administer diagnostic assessments to collect current data related to the student's current level of functioning and plan for instruction.

Specific Learning Disability

Affects a child's ability in math, reading, or writing Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, Auditory Processing, Nonverbal Learning Disability

Mr. Hutchison, a learning support teacher, and Mrs. Weber, a general education teacher, will be co-teaching a fourth-grade social studies course together. Mrs. Weber has already prepared the curriculum mapping for the year, and has the lessons mapped out for the first quarter. What could Mr. Hutchison do to best support Mrs. Weber in their planning and co-teaching?

After reviewing his caseload and the needs of the students in the classroom, Mr. Hutchison can prepare instructional strategies and supports that align with Mrs. Weber's plans, checking in with her to make sure that they are on the same page in regards to planning and instructional strategies.

Malcolm is a third-grade student with a mild intellectual disability. He reads with fluency that is only slightly below grade level but struggles to demonstrate comprehension of texts. Malcolm is significantly below grade level in written expression and often guesses at answers when given multiple-choice questions. Which of the following alternative means of assessment could best help Malcolm's teachers establish a baseline for his reading comprehension level?

Allow Malcolm to draw pictures representing important elements of the texts he reads.

Marissa is a ninth-grade student with cerebral palsy. She uses a wheelchair and has limited fine motor skills. She performs on grade level in the area of math, and she performs above grade level in the area of reading comprehension. Which of the following accommodations would be most appropriate to support Marissa in her honors British Literature class?

Allow Marissa to use a human scribe for lengthy essay questions to reduce her need to write.

Disciplinary Alternative Educational Program (DAEP)

An educational and self-discipline alternative instructional program, adopted by local policy, for students in elementary through high school grades who are removed from their regular classes for mandatory or discretionary disciplinary reasons. A DAEP may be located on-campus or off-campus

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

An injury that occurs to the brain due to accident or trauma; depending on where in the brain the injury occurs will determine how the student is impacted

Who is required to receive notice of any changes or updates to a student's IEP?

Any person with an educational interest in the student should be given relevant sections of the student's IEP.

Lilly is a fourth-grade student who receives special education services for reading and related services for speech therapy. Her annual review IEP meeting is scheduled for next week (three days prior to the expiration of the IEP), and her parents have confirmed attendance. Lilly's speech therapist is unable to attend the meeting due to presenting at a conference on the same day. What would be an appropriate alternative to address the speech therapist's absence?

Ask the parents if they are willing to excuse the speech therapist and have her provide written input prior to the meeting.

A speech/language therapist is unable to attend an annual IEP meeting for a student who is identified as having a specific learning disability (primary) and speech/language impairment (secondary). The student's current IEP will expire in three days. How can the IEP team address the speech/language therapist's absence?

Ask the parents if they are willing to excuse the speech/language therapist if recommendations are provided by the therapist prior to the meeting.

Which of the following interventions would be most beneficial for a visual learner who is struggling to differentiate between DNA and RNA?

Ask the student to color a picture of the DNA molecule and RNA molecule. Ask the student to highlight the differences.

Ms. Cearing has observed that one of her students with a specific learning disability is struggling to comprehend stories read aloud in class. Which activity could she choose to support this student's comprehension during whole-class read-alouds?

Ask the student to visualize what is being read aloud by the teacher.

A high school sophomore recently became deaf after an unfortunate accident. Since the accident, the student has hardly left his home and is becoming more and more socially reclusive because of the fear that his friends will become bored with his limited options for activities. Which of the following would be the special education teacher's best response to this situation?

Ask the student what social activities he would like to partake in and work with him to develop the skill set.

Which activity below would best help young students understand that written text has meaning?

Ask them to write a caption under a picture they created.

Dominique is a sixth-grade student with a specific learning disability (SLD) in math calculation. His teachers have noticed that he struggles to solve problems involving proportion, despite the use of calculation aids specified in his IEP. Which of the following is the logical next step to diagnose the source of Dominique's trouble with proportions?

Assess his understanding of the relationship between fractions, decimals, and ratios and his ability to combine and compare them.

Diagnostic Assessment / Pre-Assessment

Assessment administered before instruction to determine students' strengths and weaknesses

Summative Assessments

Assessment of learning. Given at specific points in time in order to determine what students know and don't know. Summative assessments are generally formal. State assessments, district benchmarks, semester or six weeks tests, and end of unit or chapter

In a fourth-grade inclusion classroom, which of the following would NOT be appropriate for helping students transition from snack time back into academic time?

At the end of snack time, set a timer and challenge students to try to clean up as quickly as they can.

A pre-K student engages in repetitive behavior (lining up toys, hand flapping, etc.) and has difficulty when his class schedule changes unexpectedly. This student's behavior is characteristic of which disability?

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Maurice is a fourth-grade student who is color blind. He is in an inclusion fourth-grade class. Which of the following strategies would be most helpful for supporting Maurice's vision needs when the class studies graphs, maps, and charts?

Avoid color-coded identifiers on graphs, maps, and charts. Consider using patterns instead.

Michael is a student with a disability who is having a hard time identifying the differences between nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. His teacher works with him every day on grammar skills. The teacher gives Michael 40 words and asks him to classify them as nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. On Monday, Michael successfully identified 10 words, Tuesday he successfully identified 8 words, Wednesday he successfully identified 12 words, and Thursday he successfully identified 11 words. Which of the following steps should the teacher consider as the next step in Michael's instruction?

Begin implementing a different instructional method to address Michael's needs.

A kindergartener has started showing the ability to decode words by breaking them into simple forms. Which of the following best describes this student's current stage of literacy development?

Beginning Reader

Brooklyn is a student in the fifth grade who qualifies for special education with a specific learning disability in math. Her teachers have noticed that when she is adding two numbers to create the sum of 21, Brooklyn has to start counting on her fingers at number one as she works with each number to find the sum. Which of the following would be an appropriate IEP statement regarding this mathematical characteristic?

Brooklyn needs direct instruction to obtain specific strategies when adding two numbers together to find a known sum.

Ben's parents are struggling with how they are going to support their son, who suffers from a mild intellectual disability, in his transition from high school to post-high school life. Ben has been enrolled in vocational training and is prepared to work after graduation. He would like to move out of his parents' home, but struggles to keep to a routine and remember to do daily care tasks. Which of the following is a helpful solution that his teacher might be able to suggest to this family?

Call a local group home that is designed for individuals with disabilities to live as independently as possible.

Ms. Lopez, a special education teacher, receives a concerned email from Laura, the parent of one of her students, stating that she does not want her daughter to be required to sit through the statewide standardized test due to her ADHD diagnosis. She cites her daughter's difficult behavior and extreme stress leading up to the test and asks for her to be exempt from testing for the year. What is the best course of action for Ms. Lopez?

Call the parent to address her concerns. Explain that all students are required to take the statewide standardized test and offer to schedule an emergency IEP meeting to discuss testing accommodations that might help ease her daughter's difficulty with the test.

Modifications

Changes to the curriculum to allow a student to access material at their level (Changes WHAT they learn) A student learns only capitalization and periods, rather than all grammar concepts.

Mr. Knox is a special education teacher in a co-taught math classroom. He walks past a student with an IEP for his ADHD, but who does not attend any special education classes. He notices that the student has been staring out the window for the past 5 minutes and has completed all problems on his page except the following: 5(4+2) - 9 + 3² =?. What would be the best course of action for Mr. Knox?

Check in with the student and review PEMDAS with him.

A middle school science teacher is establishing routines and procedures on the first day of school. She has students work in assigned small groups to decide what procedures are important for a successful learning environment. First they discuss what made their favorite class from last year successful and then they decide what procedures to include for this year. When they share as a whole group, the teacher praises students who raise their hand to contribute. What type of learning theory is the teacher reinforcing when having students reflect on the previous year?

Cognitivism draws on prior knowledge to support new learning and ideas.

During the initial transition meeting, the student expresses interest in a hospitality career. Which of the following would be the appropriate next step?

Collaborate with special education personnel to schedule time for the student to work in the campus coffee shop to gain experience and skills needed to transition to an integrated employment opportunity in the hospitality field.

Pedro, a senior student with intellectual disabilities, will be graduating in the spring. He has been working on his money handling skills in his math classes. His goal is to work at his local grocery store. In order to facilitate this transition for the student, the special education teacher should:

Collaborate with the local grocery store for Pedro to job train and shadow a couple hours a week while he is preparing for graduation.

A fifth-grade science lesson is preparing students for the required skill of comparing/contrasting information. Which of the following strategies would best provide practice for this skill?

Deliver a lesson on various plants and have the students create a Venn diagram.

A student with an IEP for an intellectual disability (ID) has been struggling in her general education science classroom. All of the appropriate accommodations and modifications listed on her current IEP have been tried by her general education teacher, but she is not making progress toward her goals and has been acting out due to frustration, which is a distraction to other students. Which of the following would be an appropriate next step for her case manager?

Communicate concerns with the Admission, Review, and Dismissal (ARD) committee members and schedule an IEP meeting to discuss data and next steps.

Deafness

Complete loss of hearing that will not be regained over time Deaf

A third-grade teacher is preparing to teach a unit on mythical creatures. A parent has asked why the teacher has selected this topic when it is not an assigned topic in the state's learning standards for third grade. How should the teacher respond?

Confirm that topics within the unit align with the state standards. Identify learning outcomes and share these with the parent.

A special education teacher is notified of an incoming student with a physical disability. The student is in a wheelchair and requires transferring throughout the day. What first steps should the special education teacher take to ensure that the transfers are safe for the student and staff?

Consult with the school physical therapist or guardian to determine a plan for how to transfer the student.

Ms. Chen, a third-grade special education teacher, notices that one of her students with ADHD seems to be struggling more than usual in the classroom lately. He seems dysregulated and has been having more tearful moments of frustration during independent work time. Which of the following options would be the best course of action for Ms. Chen?

Contact the parents to discuss the behavior and ask for their input or advice.

Based on a recent Ages and Stages Questionnaire, 1-year-old Penny's doctor is concerned about her cognitive and motor development. The doctor brings the concerns to Penny's mom, who has also noticed these concerns and delays. Penny's mom is unsure of what to do next. The doctor suggests:

Contacting the state early intervention program for children from birth to age three that provides free developmental evaluations and services to families.

Ms. Smith's third-grade class was academically screened for reading and several of her students' scores fell below district level benchmark. Following Response to Intervention (RTI) procedures, what should Ms. Smith do first?

Continue to collect data on reading performance using curriculum-based measures.

A special education teacher is providing in-class support in a second-grade writing classroom. Four students require special education services in writing, while the rest of the class does not. What strategies should the special education teacher use to implement instruction in this setting?

Coordinate with the general education teacher to adapt the lesson plans to the student's individual needs.

A third-grade student with an intellectual disability is having difficulty asking for help when she does not understand an assignment. She often sits quietly at her desk until the teacher comes over to help. Which of the following strategies would help to teach the student to ask for help independently?

Create a visual checklist that reminds the student to raise her hand to ask for help and tape the checklist to the student's desk.

A special education teacher is planning a lesson on the parts of speech. She will end the lesson with an activity in which students will make sentences independently by putting cards with words on them in an order specified by the teacher. For example, she will call for a noun followed by a verb and students will select one of each from their set to use in their sentence. Which of the following would be the most appropriate way to differentiate for this lesson?

Create some sets of cards that are color coded (green for verbs, red for nouns, etc.) and some that are white and allow students to choose between them.

An IEP meeting for a 13-year-old with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and emotional disturbance is next week. A general education teacher suggests a goal for the student to remain on-task for an entire 120-minute reading block. What steps should the special education teacher take following this suggestion?

Determine how long students without disabilities are on task during their reading block.

An IEP team is determining if a student is eligible for Special Education services for a specific learning disability (SLD). Which of the following may serve as an indicator that the child is eligible?

Discrepancy between ability and achievement, with the student's ability being higher than achievement.

Dominic is a two year-old boy who does not yet talk or make eye contact, hates loud noises, and prefers to play by himself, usually only with jungle animals. His teacher is concerned about his overall development and feels that he is not on the same level as his peers, especially socially. The next best step for Dominic's teacher would be to:

Discuss her observations and concerns with his parents and suggest next steps, such as a referral to an early intervention program.

A special education teacher is developing an end of unit test for her students. Which of the following considerations is most important when developing items on the test?

Do the test questions adequately reflect learning objectives that were taught throughout the unit?

Use the graph below to answer the following question.

Drew

Nonsymbolic Communication

Emotional offerings or gestures to communicate needs where the caregiver must guess what the person is trying to say crying, pointing to things

A fourth-grade student with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has demonstrated the ability to accurately perform all four primary operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) up to three-digit numbers when given problems to complete on simple worksheets, but she struggles to correctly perform these same calculations when faced with word problems. Which of the following strategies is most likely to benefit the student when solving word problems?

Emphasize key information and trigger words to help the student determine which operation to use, and teach her to identify the integers involved and eliminate unnecessary or distracting information before performing the calculations.

Nathan is a fifth-grade student with a specific learning disability (SLD) in math problem solving. Which of the following supports would most likely be a beneficial addition to his IEP?

Emphasize key information in word problems.

A first-grader with autism spectrum disorder is in a general education classroom all day except for 30 minutes a day when she is pulled out for occupational therapy to work on sensory and motor function. She is above benchmark in her reading skills but lately has been adding in extra details when reading aloud that are not written in or depicted in the book. They are often the same details from book to book and she "reads" them as if they are written on the page. Which of the following would be an appropriate next step to help with this behavior?

Encourage her to use her finger to follow the words that she is reading when she reads aloud and point out when she is adding details that are not written down.

Mrs. Marks is a general education teacher at Kam Middle School. She collaborates with the special education teacher regarding appropriate instructional strategies to effectively teach linguistically diverse students with disabilities. What is the most effective strategy the special education teacher can offer Mrs. Marks?

Engage the students with the vocabulary presented during the learning process.

At an initial Admission Review Dismissal (ARD) committee meeting for a 3-year-old who was referred to the team for suspected developmental delays in the cognitive, communication, and adaptive domains, the evaluation team must make sure to obtain the parents' informed written consent before they begin the evaluation process. What would the next step be for the team to take?

Establish a time and location for the developmental evaluation.

The parents of an eighth-grade student with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) email their son's language arts teacher with concerns about his lack of progress in writing. They request that he be allowed to type his essays on a computer instead of writing them by hand. Which of the following would be the most logical course of action for the teacher to take before drafting a reply?

Evaluate the student's available written work in various formats to determine if he is more successful on written assignments when using word processing software.

Independent Educational Evaluation (IEE)

Evaluation conducted by independent qualified assessment personal not associated with the local education agency medical Tests, psychiatric Tests, outside testing

What is the benefit of teaching expanded notation as an alternative method of calculating two- or three-digit addition problems?

Expanded notation helps students clearly delineate between place values and understand the value that each digit in a large number actually represents.

Mr. Ortiz is a paraprofessional that provides in-class support for second-grade students with emotional disabilities. He has two students with Behavior Intervention Plans (BIPs) that center around work completion. One component of the plan is that the students will receive 5 minutes of free choice time if they complete work independently. Mr. Ortiz often prompts the students to begin working and reminds them of their free choice activities, but he doesn't consistently follow through with providing free choice options before moving onto the next activity. How can his supervisor help with the implementation of the BIPs?

Explain the effects of assigning consequences and not following through on them, especially with students who have behavior concerns.

Which of the following statements best describes the function of expository text features?

Expository text features, such as captions, headings, charts, and graphs, are embedded in informational texts to make information easier to process.

Sebastian, a second-grade student, struggles with an auditory processing disorder and attention issues during learning periods. The IEP team has decided to try an assistive technology device to see if it improves Sebastian's attention and ability to process what he is hearing. The assistive technology device that would best suit the student's need is a(n):

FM Listening system

True or False: Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) permits access to student records to all school personnel without parental consent.

False, FERPA is careful to keep all access to student records as confidential as possible

True or False: IDEA prohibits the LEA from cooperating with authorities and reporting a crime by a student with disabilities.

False, for students with any disability

A fifth-grade teacher explains to the special education teacher that a student is in need of special education services and that RtI will be the best education service to meet his academic needs. This statement is:

False. RtI is a scientific research-based instructional intervention method delivered in the general education classroom, not the special education classroom.

If a student with disabilities commits a crime that is a violation of federal and state law, the Local Education Agency (LEA) must provide the special education and discipline records for consideration to the maximum extent permitted by which of the following?

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

As the special education personnel reviewed the federal regulations regarding Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE), they noted a discrepancy between among procedures. Which procedure should they adhere to?

Federal law

A teacher continues to struggle to manage the behavior of a student in special education. The teacher wants to conduct a study to identify the causes of the behavior. This study is called a/an:

Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA)

In determining a change of placement due to a violation of the Local Educational Agency (LEA) code of conduct, the LEA must convene which of the following within ten school days?

Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) meeting

A kindergarten student with autism and a speech impairment is engaging in minor self-injurious behavior when presented with work demands. Before beginning an intensive intervention, what steps should the teacher take to ensure compliance and safety?

Hold an ARD meeting to ask the parents for consent to conduct an FBA.

Miss Hoyt teaches fifth-grade science, and she has lab groups with typical students and students with IEPs. She notices that they are struggling to cooperate and complete the lab in a timely manner. What can she do to help her students practice social skills such as sharing and taking turns?

Give each member a defined role and title. Each role has a set of responsibilities, and they will have a new role with each lab.

A student identified with emotional disturbance (ED) is transitioning from elementary school to middle school. In her elementary school, she spent a portion of the day working with the custodial staff collecting recycling from classrooms to work toward a behavioral goal in her IEP. This was a successful intervention for the student, so the new team at the middle school is hoping to do something similar in the new environment. Which of the following would be the most appropriate course of action for the transition team?

Give her the option to work with custodial or food preparation staff for a portion of the day on a trial basis to see if the intervention continues to be helpful for her.

The parents of a student who receives special education services are unable to attend the annual IEP in person. What is the next best alternative to having guardians attend an IEP in person?

Guardians can attend IEPs over the phone.

Hanna is a ninth grade student who has been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and asthma. Hanna takes medication for both conditions inconsistently. Hanna is failing all classes despite accommodations. Which of the following statements best describes the most appropriate services for Hanna?

Hanna's performance requires referral to the special education team for consideration of eligibility for an Individualized Education Program (IEP).

When discussing a student's performance in a research-based reading intervention program at an IEP meeting, team members may ask, "Is the student making progress?" Which of the following questions is most important to consider when discussing progress in the program?

Has the student increased reading fluency and/or reading comprehension skills?

Which of the following strategies would be most effective for assimilating and training a student with a disability to be a product stocker at the school snack shop?

Have another student work beside the student to mentor and model proper behavior.

Mrs. Spisak's goal in this lesson is to have her students use calculators to develop financial literacy. Which of the following activities best addresses this goal?

Have students calculate sales tax and discounts on grocery store items.

A sixth-grade teacher is looking for a way to improve her students' understanding of how visual images create meaning. Which activity below would be the best way to achieve this goal?

Have students tell a new story using only photographs from a magazine or newspaper.

Which of the following tasks would provide the truest assessment of student learning after introducing a new mathematics concept?

Have students write their own word problem related to the concept and require them to provide an answer key with modeling of step-by-step processes to solve the problem.

A seventh-grade science class is beginning a unit on experimentation. One student in the class has cerebral palsy and cannot effectively use some of the equipment in the experiments. What can the teacher do to incorporate this student into the activities?

Have the experiment be completed in groups with specific roles, most of which the student can effectively complete.

Hazel is a fifth-grade student with spina bifida who uses a wheelchair and does not have any intellectual impairments. She has recently moved to a new school district and is struggling to build relationships with the students in her grade at school. What can the special education teacher suggest?

Hazel should join the Girl Scout troop that has other girls in 5th grade.

Each week, Mr. Rivera asks his students to reflect on their reading for the week. They rate the books on a scale of 1-5 and write down one topic that they liked and one topic that they did not like. What can Mr. Rivera do with the information he is collecting?

He can use this information to select future independent reading books for his students.

Bailey, a fourth-grade student with a specific learning disability (SLD) in math problem-solving, struggles to solve word problems that require multiple computations. Which of the following would be an appropriate support for Bailey's math teacher to implement?

Highlight the key information and operational signal words within the word problems on Bailey's worksheets and give her direct instruction on how to find and emphasize this information herself.

A high school student with ADHD receives special education services for Other Health Impairment (OHI). He often needs extra time on tests and has qualified to use this accommodation on the SAT. When his scores are returned, he sees that he scored in the 65th percentile. What does this mean?

His score was better than 65% of other students taking the test.

Working with a small group of kindergarteners, a teacher reads aloud a short book that is written using repetitive language and mostly decodable CVC words. Next, the teacher writes down the following examples of rhyming words that were in the book. cat hat sat Using this set as an example, the teacher explains that the reader can use the pattern established by the rhymes from the book to decode the words "pat" and "mat." She then writes the word, "rat" and asks for a volunteer to read the word aloud. Which of the following elements could the teacher add to the lesson in order to support student understanding of print concepts?

Holding the book up so that it is visible to the students, the teacher points to the words as she reads them aloud.

Which of the following would be an appropriate question to ask when viewing and analyzing thematic elements of entertainment media?

How does the director use the contrast of light and dark to influence the mood of this scene?

State and federal laws require that the LEA include all students with disabilities in the participation of the state and district assessments with appropriate accommodations as noted in the:

IEP document

According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), IEP goals must meet all of the following criteria except:

IEP goals must be applicable to a trade or vocation.

An inclusion teacher is planning for a writing conference with a third-grade student who has completed their rough draft and is ready to begin revising her work. Which of the following should the teacher incorporate into their writing conference to support the students' revision process?

Identify at least two places in the story that would benefit from additional details, elaboration, and/or sensory language.

Eleanor has recently been identified with a specific learning disability (SLD) in reading after struggling but receiving passing grades in a general education setting for several years. Testing reveals that she is reading three grade levels below benchmark and struggles with comprehension. Based on this recent diagnosis, how should her services for social studies, which has a heavy reading and writing component, change to better suit her needs?

If possible, Eleanor should be placed in a co-taught class or attend a general education class with assignments that are modified to be appropriate for her level.

Ayden, a student with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), has been making inappropriate comments during class. The behavior intervention team determined that Ayden is doing this to seek attention from the teacher. Which of the following responses will help to decrease the inappropriate comments?

Ignore Ayden until he asks or comments appropriately.

Some gifted students are labeled as having dual exceptionalities. What is the primary reason dually exceptional children are not identified through special education?

In the early elementary years, they may be able to compensate for their deficits due to being gifted, so it makes them appear as average students with talents in a few academic areas.

A special education teacher administers a writing quiz for her fourth-grade small group. The students completed the quiz and results showed that many of the students lacked punctuation and capitalization in their writing samples. What next steps should the special education teacher take?

Incorporate sentence structure review into her curriculum and quiz them again in a week.

A second grade student is identified as having autism and receives instruction in an inclusion classroom. The student also receives speech/language therapy on a weekly basis in a small group setting. Throughout the school year, the student has demonstrated increases in behavioral difficulties which appear to be related to understanding social interactions with peers. Which of the following would be an appropriate consideration when the IEP team discusses this student's services and placement?

Increase speech/language therapy sessions for addressing social pragmatics.

Children may qualify for services through special education before entering school. What is the name of the plan designed for a child under 3 years old?

Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) An IFSP identifies a child's needs and goals prior to entering school.

The following description refers to which special education legislation: A nationwide law that ensures services for students with disabilities. It governs how the state and schools provide early interventions, special education, and related services for three to twenty-one-year-old students with disabilities.

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Which of the following guarantees free and appropriate public education for individuals with disabilities in the United States?

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

The IEP team is preparing to hold an initial eligibility meeting for a student whose parents do not speak English. What should the IEP team do to ensure adequate participation?

Invite a translator who understands special education terminology to participate and translate for the parents.

Janette is a fifth-grade student who has a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis and type 1 diabetes. Both of her disabilities are controlled by medication and she is performing on level as compared to her peers. Which statement below describes the most appropriate services for Janette?

Janette should receive services through Section 504.

Juliana's Individualized Transition Plan (ITP) includes activities such as developing self-advocacy skills with prompting, navigating public transportation with support, and participating in a functional academic curriculum. Which of the following may be an appropriate long-term goal for Juliana?

Juliana will live with assistance in a group home.

A kindergarten classroom is composed of 30% ELL learners whose native language is Spanish. What is one way the teacher can support these students in learning print concepts?

Label parts of the classroom in both Spanish and English.

Lana is a sixth-grade student whose younger sister, Natalie, has Down Syndrome. Recently, Lana's friends have asked questions about Natalie, and Lana is unsure of how to respond. What advice may Lana's parents share with her?

Lana should consider the types of questions she is typically asked and practice her responses so that she feels comfortable sharing information with her friends.

Constructivism

Learning new behaviors by adjusting our current view of the world Research projects

Cognitivism

Learning new behaviors by connecting current knowledge with new knowledge Teaching fractions by talking about pizza slices

Visual Learning

Learning primarily by seeing things Written examples

Kinesthetic Learning / Tactile Learning

Learning primarily by touching things or doing an activity create and act out plays or skits

All students with disabilities are entitled to which of the following through IDEA? Select all answers that apply.

Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)

A sixth-grade student with autism has the following goal on his IEP. Given a grade level text, the student will respond to ⅘ reading comprehension questions orally or in writing with 80% accuracy. The teacher has been regularly assessing this skill and is preparing to write a progress report for the IEP goal. The student currently has a 40% accuracy rate average for this goal. How can this be addressed?

Make revision to lesson activities to provide student with more opportunities to learn this skill.

A kindergarten student with autism has an IEP goal to independently complete the steps associated with washing and drying hands after using the restroom. The student has been working on this goal for eight weeks, but he has not made any progress toward initiating or completing the steps without partial physical prompts. The student is beginning to express frustration when the teacher intervenes. Which of the following is an appropriate next step for the teacher to take?

Meet with the IEP committee to discuss ways to teach this skill.

Which of the following best describes an example of a criterion-referenced test?

assessing a ninth grade student's knowledge and application of the parts of a cell after completing a plant and animal cell unit in biology

Mr. Parsons will be teaching a special education class composed of a small group of students who attend an alternative school for part of the school day. Mr. Parsons is planning on meeting with the teacher at the alternative school to help address his students' needs and make sure that they have a successful year. What would be the best way for Mr. Parsons to prepare for the meeting?

Mr. Parsons should review all of his students' IEPs so that he is aware of their current levels of performance, goals, and progress towards their outcomes to help determine instructional goals.

Abby is a high school student with a learning disability. She is enrolled in a general education English class with Mrs. Yuhn. Her special education teacher, Mr. Scotty, wants to ensure a successful year for Abby. What is one way that Mr. Scotty could create effective collaboration with Mrs. Yuhn to best support his student?

Mr. Scotty can make sure that Mrs. Yuhn understands Abby's learning goals and needs at the start of the year, and regularly partner with her throughout it to best support Abby.

There is a biology test next week and the general education teacher is unsure of how to modify the test for her students receiving special education services. How can the special education teacher collaborate with the biology teacher?

Offer to draft a modified test based on the original test and then they can edit it together.

The below example could be used to teach students with intellectual disabilities which of the following pre-calculus skills?

NOT--- adding functions

The table below gives the area of several squares with different side lengths. Which of the following graphs best represents the data in the table?

NOT---STRAIGHT ANGLE ONE

Nevaeh is a young girl with an IFSP. She will be turning three in four months, and a transition meeting is being held to determine her current educational needs and special education options for the future. When holding this transition meeting, it is important for the service coordinator, Janell, to explain which THREE of the following items? Select all answers that apply.

NOT---how services will be provided to Nevaeh, from what providers, and at what frequency and duration the transition process and the difference between early intervention and special education services

Cassie is a sixth-grade student who qualifies for special education services with an other health impairment of ADHD. While she performs at grade level in all core classes when provided the accommodations specified in her IEP, Cassie has a history of discipline referrals for repeatedly disrupting class with impulsive behaviors and inappropriate comments. During Cassie's annual IEP meeting, the general education representative to the ARD committee suggests that Cassie's behavior might be less of a distraction if she were placed in a resource class with a lower student-to-teacher ratio. The proper response to this suggestion is:

No, Cassie's disability does not prevent her from succeeding academically in the general education setting, therefore a resource placement does not meet the federal standard for least restrictive environment.

Henry, a sixth-grade student with autism and an intellectual disability, has been chewing on his fingers, shirt sleeves, pencils, and other small objects during class. In order to reduce the spread of germs and eliminate this behavior, his teacher plans to try a new technique. The elimination of Henry's behavior may best be achieved with which of the following behavior management techniques?

Offer Henry a stick of gum when he appears anxious or is chewing on non-food objects.

A parent of a student with disabilities confides in the special education teacher that she in uncomfortable with the IEP meetings due to her lack of understanding of the process. What is the most effective response for the special education teacher?

Offer to schedule a parent conference prior to the IEP committee to discuss and review the special education process and procedure

Lucy is a special education teacher in an elementary school. She is walking down the hallway and is stopped by Sam, a general education third-grade teacher who is wondering if Lucy could stop by the classroom at some point that week to informally observe a student who the teacher believes may have an unidentified disability. What would be the most appropriate response for Lucy in this situation?

Offer to visit at a time when the student will be engaged in an activity that is likely to illustrate the issue and go from there.

At the conclusion of an IEP meeting, the parent expresses a concern about Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and the confidentiality of her child's records. The committee chair shares the Local Education Agency (LEA)'s responsibility with confidentiality of student records. What assurances can be provided to address the parent's concern?

Only personnel with direct instructional interaction with the student may access the records. They must sign the access log indicating the name, position, and purpose of reviewing the records.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a condition in which the body is unable to remove wastes at a typical rate such as mucus from the lungs. Jack's parents have notified the school that he will need a special breathing treatment that lasts about 30 minutes once a day at school to help minimize the effects of his disease. Under what category would Jack qualify for special education services?

Other Health Impairment (OHI)

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the rights of parents of students who have disabilities?

Parents must provide consent for initial provision of special education services.

During independent reading time, Mrs. Clarke walks around and conducts quick, individual readers' conferences. After talking to Stephanie, Mrs. Clarke is concerned because it is clear that she is not comprehending the story. To help Stephanie read more confidently, which step should Mrs. Clarke take first?

Perform an Informal Reading Inventory and provide a remediation lesson based on these results.

Which of the following statements about phonemic awareness is most accurate?

Phonemic awareness is an early indicator of students becoming strong readers. The stronger a student's understanding and grasp of phonemic awareness, the more likely the student is to be a strong reader.

A second-grade teacher is finishing up a lesson on using graphs to analyze data and make predictions. She wants to make sure that students continue to use this knowledge instead of learning it as an isolated skill. Which of the following would be the best way for the teacher to achieve this?

Plan a science lesson in the upcoming weeks in which students graph the daily temperature using bar graphs.

A seventh-grade teacher has several students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the classroom. Which of the following strategies would be most effective for the teacher to improve students' initiation of tasks after entering the classroom?

Post and review classroom procedures at the start of each class period.

In order to help her students with their overall study skills now and in the future, Mrs. Gibbs, a fourth-grade reading teacher, decides to teach a variety of strategies. Which of the following would be the least effective strategy for Mrs. Gibbs to include in her activity?

Practice answering literal questions at the end of the chapter after reading about a topic.

As a formal assessment at the end of a unit, a teacher partners students and asks them to come up with a new product or service. Each pair will need to create an advertisement for the new product/service as well as a 15-second commercial promoting it. The teacher provides students with the following rubric. Category Points Teacher Notes Advertisement Use of Colors, Fonts, and Images _____ / 10 Overall Visual Appeal _____ / 5 Commercial Use of Rhetorical Devices _____ / 10 Clarity of Commercial _____ / 5 Both Uniqueness _____ / 2 Proper Grammar and Spelling _____ / 5 Based on the rubric provided and the description of the project, what is the most likely learning objective for this project?

Practicing persuasive techniques found in persuasive media. The goal of this assessment is to see how well students can replicate visual and auditory persuasive techniques found in advertising

bias

Prejudiced feelings, outlook, or leanings for or against a particular person, race, ethnicity, age, or group, often without taking others' opinions into consideration. -assuming all English language learners are less intelligent than native English speakers

Which of the following would be an appropriate intervention to help fifth-grade students with deficits in reading identify the main idea in an informational text that is appropriate for their reading level?

Provide a "box and bullet" graphic organizer that helps them break down the article by listing important facts before trying to identify the main idea.

An eighth-grade student with a specific learning disability in reading has 45 minutes of reading instruction in the general education classroom without in-class support. What strategies can the general education teacher implement to promote the student's active participation in the reading curriculum?

Provide a guided reading group with teacher support during independent reading time.

Due to reading comprehension deficits, Joel has been in a resource classroom for language arts since first grade. He is beginning fifth grade this fall, and his teachers feel that he is ready to move into the general education setting with support. What is the best method to ensure his success?

Provide a special education co-teacher in language arts who provides the same accommodations that he received in the resource room.

Mr. Hernandez is a special education teacher who co-teaches with several seventh and eighth grade teachers in their inclusion math and language arts classrooms. Which of the following three responsibilities are most likely to be assigned to Mr. Hernandez in the inclusion classrooms? Select all answers that apply.

Provide accommodations during classroom assessments. Develop IEP goals for students on his caseload. Identify ways to modify the curriculum.

Which of the following supports would be most beneficial when introducing new vocabulary to a student with a mild intellectual disability?

Provide an image to help explain each new vocabulary word.

Kinsley is a ninth-grade student who has a hearing impairment. She has a cochlear impairment and is also provided with American Sign Language (ASL) interpretation services. Kinsley would like to sign up for the track team, but the team uses a horn as a sound to signal the beginning of each race. Which of the following is most appropriate for Kinsley's participation on the track team?

Provide both the sound of the horn and a visual cue to signal the beginning of the race.

During science labs, Mr. Able notices that some students do most of the work, and others are excluded. In an effort to have all students actively participate, he has them collect data on their own lab sheets, but he notices that this causes some of his struggling students to spend the entire lab recording data. This prevents these students from preparing materials or completing lab procedures. What is another approach he could try?

Provide each group with one paper to collect data. Assign designated roles to each group member.

Which of the following strategies aimed at reducing disruptive behavior is most likely to effect lasting change?

Provide praise and reward appropriate behavior while ignoring negative behavior.

Marisol is a second-grade student with a specific learning disability (SLD) in reading fluency. Which accommodation would her teachers most likely find in her IEP?

Provide reading assignments with syllable boundaries and vowel sounds pre-marked.

An inclusion teacher is planning support for the special education students in a general education classroom for an upcoming writing assignment. During the writing process, which of the following best demonstrate the most appropriate way to support these students?

Provide students with a checklist that includes each stage in the writing process and steps to take during each stage. Stop after each stage to discuss the next stage and prompt students to take steps to engage in the next stage of writing.

Emerson is a sixth-grade student receiving special education services for dyslexia and ADHD. She is given extra time on tests and additional white space on each page. Categorize these as accommodations or modifications.

These are both accommodations.

An elementary student who is visually impaired is participating in a unit in his science class that focuses on learning the names and locations of 20 bones in the human body. At the end of the unit, students are required to label all 20 bones on a diagram of a skeleton. What would be the most appropriate way to assess the student's mastery of this objective?

Provide the student with a 3D skeleton on which he can locate and label 20 bones.

During the writing process for an informative text, a fifth-grade student with a specific learning disability needs to be able to organize information and build on ideas by choosing an appropriate organizational strategy. Which of the following is the best way for the inclusion teacher to support the student in this process?

Provide the student with a graphic organizer applicable to the topic of his essay.

A functional life skills teacher has a classroom with several elementary students with Down syndrome. He would like the students to have more opportunities to learn social and communication skills. What would be the best way to accomplish this?

Provide the students with inclusion opportunities to interact with same-aged typical peers.

An inclusive middle school English language arts class is reading a novel. Students are asked to read one chapter of the novel each evening and then engage in a class discussion about that chapter on the following day. Aria, who has dyslexia, is working with the special education teacher to participate in the class discussion. Which of the following accommodations will be most beneficial to Aria?

Providing Aria with an audio version of the novel so that she can listen as she reads at night.

A teacher wants to model for students how to pull the main idea(s) from a nonfiction text. Which activity below would be the most effective way to demonstrate this for the students?

Read a text that's projected for the class and take notes in the margins while reading.

A teacher noticed that a number of her new kindergarten students are struggling with the difference between a letter, a word, and a sentence. Which of the following strategies would be best to improve the students' understanding of print concepts? Select all answers that apply.

Read oversized books so students can watch the teacher point out the words. This would reinforce the ideas that letters make sounds and words, there are spaces between words, and reading moves from the top to the bottom of the page and from left to right. Point to and orally read words on signs, posters, calendars, etc. This would continue to reinforce print concepts.

Aman is a third-grade student who gets pulled out of his general education classroom to receive 30 minutes of special education instruction in reading each day. He is independently reading at a first-grade level and often stops reading when he gets to longer or unfamiliar words. Which of the following would be the most appropriate activity for the special education teacher to do with Aman during his pull-out time?

Read second-grade level books together to review and practice strategies like "chunking" to help Aman improve his decoding skills.

A mother notices her three-year-old child does not respond to her voice and is concerned it is a symptom of a hearing disability. The mother expresses this concern to the social worker at the child's daycare. Of the following, which would be the best response from the social worker?

Recommend the mother to contact the LEA for an evaluation.

What is the difference between reliability and validity in test scores?

Reliability refers to consistency and validity refers to accuracy.

What is the best strategy for maintaining professional and effective communication during an IEP committee meeting with a parent who becomes contentious and expresses strong dissatisfaction with the services being provided by the school district?

Remain calm and evaluate the district's recommendations objectively to ensure that all input is based on reliable data and research-based practices.

Asher is a ten-year-old student with emotional disabilities. He has been participating in inclusive classes at his local school, but the IEP team recommended a therapeutic placement out of district at his most recent IEP meeting. Asher's parents disagree with this recommendation and stated this at his IEP meeting. Which of the following responses is most appropriate for Asher's parents?

Request a due process hearing due to disagreement with Asher's placement.

A third-grade student who is emotionally disturbed is in an inclusion classroom. The child has mastered the goals set forth in the Behavioral Intervention Plan (BIP), however, other negative behaviors have developed. What should be the first step the special education teacher will take?

Request a functional behavior assessment (FBA) to address the causes of the new behaviors.

Ms. Smith taught a lesson on sight words to her students in an inclusive first-grade classroom. When she assessed the students on the three new sight words taught that day, she noticed that most of the students could only correctly identify one of three new sight words. Which of the following would be the most appropriate next step?

Reteach the sight words the next day using new strategies and reassess students to see if they have made improvements.

Jackson is a graduating senior with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who will soon begin a new job shelving books and helping to maintain records at the local library. Which of the following is the best way Jackson's special education case manager can support him in preparing for this transition from school to work?

Review Jackson's existing IEP accommodations with him to analyze which supports would be feasible and helpful in his new position.

Marybelle, John, and Daphne are students in a resource English I class. Their teacher taught them how to record annotations in the last book they read. This week, their homework has been to read and annotate Chapter 1 in their new book. Today, the students had an open-book quiz and the average score was 68%. What should the teacher do?

Review the students' annotations and reteach the missed concepts.

Brady is a 16-year-old student with an emotional disability. He participates in a therapeutic program at his school that includes individual counseling and social skills. He plans to pursue a career in computer science after graduation, and he has just accepted a part-time job at a local computer repair store. Brady is able to walk to the store from his house, so he will work on evenings and weekends. What is the best way that his special education teacher can incorporate transition activities to help him to prepare for his job?

Role play challenging work scenarios such as dealing with a difficult customer, asking a coworker for help, and participating in a performance review with a supervisor so Brady can identify social skills and coping strategies to use at work.

The fifth-grade ELA teacher informs the special education teacher that RtI is a means to place students into special education. All of the following are appropriate responses except:

RtI is the first step to the special education referral process.

Samuel is a student in eighth grade who qualifies for special education with an intellectual disability. Samuel participates in general education science with in-class support and accommodations. Samuel's science teacher has open-ended questions on every end-of-unit test and Samuel's teacher has noticed that he's an eager participant in class but always struggles with writing the answers on the test paper. What is the best way for Samuel to demonstrate his knowledge on the end-of-unit test?

Samuel can give an oral response instead of a written response.

Gina is a fifth-grade student with a reading comprehension goal on her IEP. The goal has four objectives associated with it. Gina's teacher regularly collects data on her progress. By the second quarter, she has mastered all objectives on her reading comprehension goal except for one. What would the IEP team recommend to address Gina's reading comprehension goal for the remainder of the year?

Schedule an IEP meeting to consider adding an additional goal to begin addressing new skills while Gina works on the final objective of the first goal.

A third-grade student with a specific learning disability has an IEP goal related to identifying the main idea for fiction texts. The special education teacher is preparing to write the student's first semester IEP goal progress report, and the student has not demonstrated any progress toward mastery of this goal. Which of the following is the most appropriate way for the teacher to address the student's lack of progress?

Schedule an IEP meeting to discuss the student's limited progress and consider adjustments to the IEP that will allow the student to make progress.

A second-grade teacher is planning to use an informational text about the accomplishments of Amelia Earhart as an opportunity for her students to practice their summary skills. Prior to independently reading the text, the teacher will show the class a photograph of Earhart in the cockpit of a plane, and the class will watch a short video that overviews the history of aviation. The teacher's lesson plans demonstrate her understanding of the skills that support reading comprehension. Which of the following best describes her goal for the pre-reading activity?

Schema development supports comprehension.

Which of the following behaviors can likely be addressed by a functional behavior assessment (FBA)?

Sean breaks pencils, tears his paper, and leaves without permission the classroom during science class.

Tom is a fifth-grade student with an intellectual disability who participates in an inclusion classroom. Tom has an IEP goal related to independently packing up his desk materials and backpack to prepare to leave school at the end of the day. Which of the following supports can help Tom to meet this goal?

Seat Tom next to a peer who models this behavior so he has daily opportunities to observe.

Which of the following legislative acts prevents discrimination against individuals with disabilities in any programs that receive federal funds?

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act

Which of the following prohibits discrimination of individuals based on their disabilities?

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act

An elementary teacher is planning an instructional unit on some of the most common communication conventions (i.e., punctuation, spelling, and grammar) used in digital media. Which of the following activities would best help support the teacher's goal?

Separate the characteristics of the most common communication conventions using a Venn diagram.

Victoria is a second-grade student who has been evaluated due to concerns that she has significantly lower expressive communication skills than a typical child of her age. In order to qualify for special education or related services, what else must be established?

She also demonstrates an inability to effectively communicate, which has a significant educational impact.

A new eighth-grade teacher is finding that her class gets rowdy quickly, and she has a hard time keeping them focused during direct instruction. Which of the following factors is likely to be the root cause of her issue?

She often speaks quickly and in an excited tone.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the use of social skills for students with disabilities?

Social skills instruction is appropriate for improving students' interactions with peers and adults.

After experiencing the tragic death of his father, Michael, a preschool student, does not verbally interact with his classmates or teacher. This is a characteristic of which of the following?

Speech Impairment-SI

Which of the following scenarios best provides an example of a curriculum focused on transitionary skills for everyday life?

Student receive instruction related to maintaining a bank account and developing a budget.

Which of the following instructional methods demonstrates a teacher's behavioral approach to student learning when teaching basic multiplication facts to a class of third-grade students?

The teacher uses positive reinforcement such as clapping, praise, and high fives for students who answer multiplication problems correctly.

Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), No Child Left Behind (NCLB), and Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) have changed the landscape of special education services. What is the greatest impact in relation to placement of special education students that has occured?

Students are being placed in general education classrooms with typical, grade-level peers at a higher rate.

A fifth-grade classroom has been analyzing nonfiction articles that include charts or graphs. The class has learned the terms for all the parts of a graph and have spent time discussing how graphs add to and support the main idea of the text. Which of the following activities should the teacher include next to continue developing her students' understanding of the purpose and importance of charts and graphs?

Students create their own charts or graphs to accompany an informational article of their choice.

A fifth-grade science teacher wants to determine if the reading from the textbook and some assigned outside readings are on the correct reading level for her students. She asks the campus reading specialist what she can do to find out if the materials are on the instructional reading level, in particular with several students who are English Language Learners. Which of the following is the most likely response by the reading specialist about how to decide the appropriate reading level?

Students read aloud a passage of 80 words while the teacher counts to see if they make more than 8 errors in their reading.

Which of the following is the best rationale for using formative assessment?

Students will show what skills they have mastered and what skills still need to be practiced.

Which of the following statements about Individualized Family Service Plans (IFSPs) is accurate?

Students with IFSPs have transition meetings to consider re-evaluation and transition to school age services.

Intellectual Disability

Students with an IQ below 70; this will affect all of their academic areas and their ability to care for themselves Down Syndrome

Ms. Henley, a second-grade special education teacher, is in the middle of a unit on partitioning objects into equal parts. She gives the class a brief formative assessment to check for understanding following her first lesson about dividing objects into equal parts. She notices that three out of her 10 students' drawings divide the object into one more part than is asked for because they are drawing three lines when asked for thirds. (example shown below) What should the teacher do to help all of the students meet the standard?

Teach a small-group lesson to those students to review how to count each section rather than each line.

During its financial literacy unit of study, a seventh-grade math resource class has been introduced to and mastered the concept of computing credits and debits to keep a balanced checking account. Which of the following would be the logical next step in teaching this unit?

Teach the difference between static expenses and variable expenses.

Which of the following describes the primary benefit of using frequent progress monitoring?

Teachers are able to adjust specially designed instruction according to student needs.

Phonemic awareness is a strong predictor of future reading success and is, therefore, a key part of literacy instruction. Based on current research, which of the following best describes a successful approach to phonemic awareness instruction for elementary-aged students?

Teachers should explicitly teach phonemic awareness to young students, and teachers of older students should continue to directly teach phonemic awareness as needed for students still struggling with the skill.

Criterion-Referenced Tests

Tests in which a standard has been set for the test taker to achieve in order to pass the test. A multiple choice or short answer test on the content of a unit of study in which a 70% is needed to pass.

Norm-Referenced Tests

Tests that compare an individual's performance/achievement to a group called the "norm group." An IQ test

Mariam, a fourth-grader, arrives in her classroom and informs Mr. Greene, her homeroom teacher, that she is fasting for Ramadan and she may not have any food or water during the day. Which of the following would be the most appropriate course of action for Mr. Greene?

Thank Mariam for letting him know and show her an alternative place she can go during the class's snack time if she wishes.

A fifth-grade teacher has a chart in class showing class jobs. Every student has a job, and the jobs rotate every week. Which of the following is not a benefit of using this approach?

The teacher will not have to manage the classroom because the students will manage the environment themselves.

Which of the following describes the outcome and relevance of the Supreme Court case Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley (Hudson v. Rowley)?

The Court ruled that, because the student was reasonably successful in her classes, the school had provided a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) and did not need to provide the additional services the parents were requesting. This was the court's first ruling that defined FAPE.

Which of the following procedures should be addressed when developing and implementing the IEP objectives in instructional planning for students with disabilities?

The IEP committee develops the IEP based on existing evaluative data from the general education teacher and related services personnel, current campus, district, and/or state assessments, and any evaluations and information provided by the parents.

Admission, Review, and Dismissal (ARD) Committee

The IEP committee that determines the eligibility for specialized services, based on the assessment of the data and the goals to be set for an eligible student

As the IEP committee designs the student's plan, which statement best describes how the IEP correlates with the state assessment?

The IEP must be designed in close correlation with the state assessment.

A high school special education teacher is preparing for an upcoming ARD meeting in which they will discuss a transition plan for a 16-year-old student. When considering this upcoming ARD committee meeting and IEP, which of the following is not required?

The IEP must include some form of post-secondary education.

In discussing the state assessment, State of Texas Assessment of Academic Readiness (STAAR), the parent wants to understand how it would be supported in the IEP. Which response should the ARD committee chair offer the parent?

The IEP objectives closely align with the STAAR assessment for all students.

How should the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) be reflected in a student's Individualized Education Program (IEP)?

The IEP objectives should try to align as closely as possible with the appropriate TEKS.

Which of the following statements outlines the responsibility of the Local Education Agency (LEA) with assessing children with limited English proficiency?

The LEA must administer a state identified English language proficiency assessment to kindergarten through 12th-grade students who demonstrate limited English proficiency in listening, speaking, reading, and writing.

A preschool aged child points to the sign that says "Target" and identifies the letters in the word, but tells her mom that the sign says "store." What does this demonstrate about the child?

The child has developed print awareness.

A fourth-grade student who has attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a testing accommodation of extra time. What could be the reasoning behind this accommodation?

The student frequently asks for breaks during testing to go to the bathroom or get a drink of water to refocus, and extra time allows the student to take the breaks without being penalized for time running out during a test.

A seventh grade student in Exceptional Student Education (ESE) with a disability in the area of autism scored at the 10th percentile in reading fluency when a diagnostic assessment was administered. What conclusion can be made from this information?

The student has a reading fluency rate that is higher than 10% of same-aged peers.

Which of the following situations would be the most logical instance to provide calculation aids to a student in a sixth-grade math inclusion class?

The student has a specific learning disability (SLD) in math calculation and is struggling to complete multi-step problems.

Cerebral Palsy

congenital disorder that impairs coordination, affecting muscle tone, movement, and posture; typically caused by brain damage before or during birth

Which of the following scenarios indicates that a student may meet certain eligibility criteria for a specific learning disability?

The student has received Tier 3 reading interventions but continues to read below grade level.

A teacher notices that a student has misspelled the words "pain" and "boat" as "pane" and "bote." Based on this observation of the student's spelling, which of the following would be a reasonable assumption for the teacher to make about the student's decoding skills?

The student requires additional phonics instruction.

Before reading a literary piece, an elementary teacher will ask the class, "What do you know about...?" Which of the following best describes the purpose of this question?

connect to the student's schema

A teacher would like her students to develop their phonological awareness. Which of the following activities would best help students develop their phoneme substitution skills?

The teacher writes the word "lake" on the board and says it out loud. She then puts up a picture of a cake next to "_ake" and asks students what sound would fill in the blank.

A fourth-grade English Language Learner (ELL) is currently identified as having an intermediate level of English proficiency (able to hold simple conversations and understand meanings of basic words in English). The student has been referred for an initial evaluation by the special education due to concerns that her struggles with reading comprehension are not just due to language barriers but may be the result of a learning disability. Which of the following would be most appropriate to consider when referring the student for an initial evaluation?

The student should be assessed in her native language to ensure accurate and valid scores.

Which of the following scenarios accurately describes the use of skill reinforcement through hierarchy of prompts?

The teacher uses hand over hand to teach a student how to form letters and then transitions to sticky tape on the pencil to reinforce appropriate pencil grasp.

Which of the following must be acquired before evaluation for special education services?

consent for individual evaluation

A student's parents have requested testing for their child as they suspect that she might qualify for special education services. The district determined that testing was appropriate and the results have just been finalized. Which of the following scenarios would be the most appropriate next step?

The special education teacher calls the parents to let them know the testing has been completed and schedules an eligibility meeting to go over the results and discuss next steps.

A second-grade class is co-taught by a general education teacher and a special education teacher. Which of the following scenarios describes the best way for the two teachers to collaborate?

The special education teacher plans with the general education teacher so that they can both provide direct instruction to the whole group and small groups that are based upon students' needs.

A student has fine motor challenges and also has a specific learning disability with math computation. The student is able to use a calculator but frequently makes mistakes when pushing the numbers on the keypad. What is the best accommodation that can be provided to support the student?

The student can use a talking calculator with built-in speech output to read the numbers and symbols aloud.

Jean is a student in third grade who has difficulty being understood by teachers and peers due to how he pronounces words. Jean's family speaks French at home and Jean speaks English at school. What should the speech therapist take into consideration when deciding if Jean should be tested for speech therapy

The errors Jean is making could be due to a confusion between French and English vowel blends.

Which of the following examples does not demonstrate a collaborative relationship between a general education teacher and a special education teacher?

The general education teacher instructs the whole group, and the special education teacher works individually with students with IEPs.

Which of the following reflects the legal requirement that must be adhered to when drafting and implementing a functional goal for a student's IEP?

The goal must directly address a known deficit in the student's functional capacity and should be measurable for the purpose of tracking and reporting progress.

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

The law mandating that all students with disabilities must receive a free and appropriate education that is tailored to their needs and abilities IEP Goals

Learning Style

The manner in which a student learns best Visual Learning

Which of the following scenarios indicates a situation in which a parent has the right to request an independent educational evaluation (IEE)?

The parent disagrees with the district's re-evaluation which found a student only eligible under specific learning disability (SLD) when the student previously had a secondary disability qualifier also.

Which of the following characteristics may be used to describe a student who is identified as having a specific learning disability?

The student demonstrates deficits in academic achievement when compared to cognitive abilities.

Mrs. Shin is writing IEP objectives for a second grade student with math deficits. The Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for math state: "Students develop an understanding of the base-10 place value system and place value concepts. The students' understanding of base-10 place value includes ideas of counting in units and multiples of thousands, hundreds, tens, and ones and a grasp of number relationships, which students demonstrate in a variety of ways." Which of these would be an appropriate goal?

The student will understand place value for hundreds, tens, and ones.

A teacher has decided that he wants the students to become more involved in the assessment process at the end of a teaching unit. Which way would be the best incorporation of students into the assessment process?

The students should create an assessment and establish a rubric.

A third-grade teacher is preparing to teach a social studies lesson to an inclusion class. Many of the students read below grade level, so the teacher has chosen to play an audio version of a non-fiction text rather than having the students read the text independently. What is the primary reason for using an audio version of the text?

The students struggle to read grade level texts fluently.

What is the best explanation as to why a fourth-grade inclusion teacher would allow students with specific learning disabilities and intellectual disabilities to use manipulatives when solving word problems during a math activity?

The students struggle with math application skills, so using manipulatives allows them to focus on implementing math skills.

A fifth-grade special education teacher administers a pre-assessment to her small group before beginning a new math unit. What knowledge can the special education teacher gain by administering this assessment?

The teacher can determine how much time must be spent on each of the concepts by how the students score.

A special education teacher is the case manager for a student in seventh grade who has autism. The PE teacher comes to the case manager in May with a concern: when the student changes for PE, the student layers on all of their gym clothes, including shorts, a t-shirt, a hoodie, and sweatpants. With the warmer weather, the PE teacher has noticed the student becomes overheated but continues to put on all the layers of clothing. What can the case manager suggest to the teacher to help the student understand the appropriate layers of clothing needed for PE?

The teacher can post visual cue cards in the locker of the student which show the appropriate clothing choices for the day.

Rachel, a high-school student who suffers from a traumatic brain injury, struggles with keeping track of her schedule and remembering her classes. Her reading skills were affected by the TBI, but she is able to understand everything when instructions are given orally. Give an example of a strategy that her special education teacher could use to help Rachel keep track of her schedule and remember her classes.

The teacher can provide Rachel with a visual schedule, paired with a recorded message, that both state the order of her classes.

Dylan, a first-grade student with severe medical needs related to DIPG, a form of brain cancer, has an IEP in place to help her best meet her educational goals. Due to the constant transitioning between school, home, and medical environments, Dylan has a hard time keeping up with her peers and classwork. How can Dylan's new teacher help her to be most successful?

The teacher can review Dylan's IEP to ensure that she understands exactly how to support Dylan and help her reach her educational goals, applying all the appropriate accommodations and modifications that Dylan needs to succeed.

Teresa is a special education student in third grade. She is a very talented artist and conversationalist but doesn't like to let her peers know she struggles with a specific learning disability related to reading. She will often be disruptive and chatty during group projects and work to hide this fact, so she does not have to contribute. What strategy could the teacher use to integrate Teresa into her group so that she is able to do the work being asked of her and not distract her peers?

The teacher could privately talk with Teresa about behavior expectations during learning time. Together they can form a plan for future projects where Teresa can contribute in meaningful ways that she feels confident with, such as through art or some other form of creative expression.

A sixth-grade social studies classroom is learning about the Stone Age and is going to be reading a text about hunters and gatherers and highlighting key ideas and details. Which of the following is a modification that might be appropriate for a boy in the class with a Specific Learning Disability (SLD) in reading who can read independently at a third-grade level?

The teacher creates a text that covers most of the same material but is written at a third-grade level to allow him to participate in the highlighting activity independently.

A kindergarten teacher is working to help her students learn the names and shapes of the letters in the alphabet. Which of the following activities would best support this goal?

The teacher names a letter and writes it on the board, and the children use playdough to form the shape of the letter at their table.

Which of the following strategies would help a group of students develop an understanding of text directionality?

The teacher reads to the class daily from oversized books, discussing the front and back covers before beginning, and pointing to the words as she reads them.

A first-year elementary teacher is concerned that Ricardo, a student with learning disabilities and limited English proficiency, does not engage in the class or group discussions. The teacher requests that the special education teacher observe the student's behaviors. What should the special education teacher consider when responding to this request?

The teacher should consider all aspects of the student's behaviors to prevent preconceived ideas.

A computer programming course at a high school uses a computer program that features audio cues as students work on assignments. The audio cues notify the students of errors in programming or confirm their programming will work. The teacher also has a student in the class who is deaf. In addition to wearing an FM transmitter and seating the student in a place in class where they will be able to see their interpreter, what is the best additional step the teacher should take to make the class content accessible to the student?

The teacher should enable the visual cues accessibility feature within the software.

Mr. Wheeler has taught prime factorization to his class this week. In an effort to differentiate instruction, he decides to block off time to provide remediation for students with learning disabilities. What is the main problem with this approach?

This targets only one group of students, which may or may not have struggled with this specific concept.

A rural local education agency (LEA) is unable to provide FAPE for a student with autism and multiple disabilities. True or False: The LEA is legally required under IDEA to refer the parent to a program and incur all financial obligation associated with the placement.

True, in all cases.

True or False: Special education and related services are considered support services that provide academic and behavioral support for students with disabilities from age three to twenty-one years old in order to receive Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE).

True, it is the responsibility of the LEA to provide free appropriate educational services.

True or False: The transition plan for a high school student is reviewed and updated every year during the annual Admission, Review, and Dismissal (ARD) committee meeting.

True, this is a requirement of the IDEA and the Texas Education Code

Which of the following strategies is most likely to effectively support an eighth-grade student with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who is struggling to understand the concept of maintaining balance when solving a single-variable equation?

Use a simple balance scale with amounts of mass on each side to demonstrate that when anything is added or removed from one side, the same must be done on the opposite side to keep the scale in balance.

A seventh-grade student with an intellectual disability is working on basic algebra problems. His special education teacher notices the following mistake: Which of the following would be the best intervention to try with the student?

Use an equal arm balance scale and dried beans to illustrate the concept of adding and removing things to and from both sides to keep the scale even.

Which of the following activities would be most effective for a tactile learner to learn about the phases of mitosis?

Use color-coded pieces of yarn to represent the chromosomes. The yarn acts as a manipulative the student can use to represent the phases of mitosis.

A 2nd-grade teacher and a special education teacher are planning a co-taught reading and writing block. They are planning to partner students for buddy reading and use those same partners for the first project in which students will read a book and retell the story with puppets. Which of the following would be the most appropriate way to group the students?

Use the data from the first developmental reading assessment of the year administered by the teacher.

Which of the following is the best method for demonstrating the concept of equivalent fractions to a group of fourth-grade students in an inclusion math class?

Using sidewalk chalk, explore how many student-length segments it would take to equal two teacher-length segments.

Phonics / Graphophonemic Principle

Using the relationship between symbols (letters and words) and sounds of a language to read and write

Assessment Tools

Various materials used to gather data on individual students Teacher reports, IQ tests

Elena is a fifth-grade student with a specific learning disability in reading. Elena's reading fluency level is slightly below grade level, but she has significant deficits in reading comprehension skills and responds to reading comprehension questions on a second grade level. Based on this information, what would be an appropriate objective to meet Elena's current needs in the area of reading?

When given a third-grade-level text, Elena will respond to questions pertaining to the main idea, characters, and setting with 80% accuracy.

Which of the following supports would be most beneficial in helping a student with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) learn and apply new vocabulary?

When introducing new vocabulary, connect the terms to images that help illustrate key elements of the correct definition.

A second-grade teacher wants to establish a positive classroom environment. A good strategy to use to establish this kind of environment is to:

find something positive to say to each student every day.

When the IEP committee determines that a student's behavior is a manifestation of the student's disability, the IEP committee must conduct or complete which of the following?

a Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA)

Mrs. Price is a language arts teacher in a sixth-grade inclusion class. She is preparing to have her students compose an expository essay answering the following question: Why is honesty important? Which of the following types of graphic organizer would be most effective in helping Mrs. Price's students with a specific learning disability (SLD) in written expression compose an essay that aligns with the prompt?

a brainstorming web with space for personal observations related to a specific topic

When a child experiences a traumatic brain injury, they also often exhibit:

a change in personality.

Resource Class

a classroom that provides only special education services to students who have been identified as disabled Resource Reading Class

Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) provisions under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) allow the Local Education Agency (LEA) and the state to implement the term "developmental delay" for students three to nine years old. What does the term refer to?

a delay in one or more area (cognitive, physical, social or behavioral development)

Marcus is a first-grade student working on place value task cards at a math center. Each task card shows an image of base ten manipulatives, and students are to write the corresponding number in standard form on their recording sheet. Marcus selects a card that shows 1 hundreds block and 3 ones cubes. On his recording sheet, he writes that the number shown on the card is 13. Based on this scenario, which of the following tools would be the most effective to provide to Marcus?

a dry-erase place value chart

The Local Education Agency (LEA) must provide prior written notice to the parents indicating the intention to identify, evaluate, or change educational placement for the student. This notice must include the following EXCEPT:

a formal letter from the diagnostician working with the student.

At an annual Admission Review Dismissal (ARD) meeting, the school psychologist referenced the results from a BASC test administered to both teacher and parents. The Behavioral Assessment System for Children (BASC) is a standardized assessment used to monitor emotional and behavioral changes in children. The psychologist can best explain a standardized assessment to the family as:

a formal type of assessment that requires all participants to answer the same questions, usually in the same conditions, is widely used, and is scored against a standard and consistent set of data or criterion.

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act requires all schools to provide the following to students who have disabilities:

a free appropriate public education in the general education classroom

Two life skills teachers work to create a yearlong unit for students to run a weekly beverage delivery cart. The students have to create order sheets, create invoices, collect money, and deliver the beverages to the staff members who have ordered them. This is an example of:

a functional curriculum.

Violet is a fifth-grader with an IEP for ADHD. She is at benchmark in all core subjects but struggles with executive functioning skills, which can affect her work completion and hurt her grades. She needs frequent check-ins to make sure she is on-task during work time and reminders about deadlines. Which of the following is the most appropriate setting for Violet?

a general education classroom

A fifth-grade student with an intellectual disability is having difficulty completing a narrative writing assignment. The special education teacher is asked to provide appropriate writing supports for the student. The teacher should provide:

a graphic organizer to help the student outline the assignment.

A fifth-grade student with a specific learning disability (SLD) in written expression would likely benefit most from which of the following supports when completing an assigned essay?

a graphic organizer with sentence stems and transition sentences related to the essay's topic already printed

A second-grade student with a gastronomy tube requires assistance during lunch. Which staff member should be responsible for the g-tube feeding?

a health professional or trained special education staff member

The mother of a three-year-old girl notices one of the following behaviors and believes it may be an indicator of a hearing impairment. Which behavior is the mother most concerned with?

a lack of response to her (the mother's voice)

child find

a legal requirement that schools evaluate any child that it suspects may have a disability and who may be entitled to special education services Child Find requires school districts to have a process for identifying and evaluating children who may need special education and related services.

An eighth-grade special education teacher is planning a unit on argumentative writing which will require students to select a topic to study and will culminate in a podcast written and recorded by each student in which they take a stance on a controversial issue (eg. Are school sports beneficial for kids? Should uniforms be required? Are beauty pageants harmful?, etc.) and support their position with evidence from their research. Which of the following lessons would be the most appropriate start to this unit?

a lesson in which students watch "trailers" or videos on each of the potential topics and consider which issue might interest them

Charles is a high school junior with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). He performs above grade level in all core subjects, but struggles with decision-making in non-school settings and suffers extreme anxiety when dealing with the unexpected. During transition planning prior to his annual IEP meeting, Charles has expressed interest in web development as a career, even though he has not gained any real-world training or experience in this pursuit. Which of the following resources would be most helpful for a member of the admission, review, and dismissal (ARD) committee to provide to Charles and his family?

a list of colleges and universities that offer online degrees in website development

Review of Existing Data (REED)

a mandated review of all existing evaluation data including the initial evaluation, any re-evaluations, classroom observations, and standardized testing to determine if dismissal of services is necessary

After reading a short story to the class, she decided that students with significant specific learning disabilities (SLD) would be asked to label the sequence of events from the story using a list of choices, while all other students would be asked to describe how the tone and characterization impacted the story's theme. This is an example of:

a modification.

In a co-taught, seventh-grade math class, the special education teacher notices that two of her students with mild intellectual disabilities are struggling to multiply fractions. She sees them counting on their fingers as they try to do math in their heads and writing additional problems in which they are adding the same number multiple times. Which of the following would be an appropriate aid to provide to these students to help them complete the assignment?

a multiplication chart

There is an upcoming annual Admission Review Dismissal (ARD) committee meeting for eighth-grade student Navian. Navian struggles with a language processing disorder. He will turn fourteen at the end of the week and attend the meeting for the first time. They will discuss his transition to high school and class schedule for the fall. The meeting will include all other participants except:

a peer of Navian's choosing.

Ashley is a first-grade student with cerebral palsy and fine-motor deficits. She is learning to write her name with help from her special education teacher and the occupational therapist. Which of the following accommodations would best support Ashley when practicing writing her name?

a pencil grip and slant board

A teacher is teaching an early elementary class that all animals grow and develop over time. Which of the following supports would best enhance a visual learner's ability to explain the changes during the process of a caterpillar becoming a butterfly?

a pictorial diagram of using labeled arrows to indicate the changes

Which of the following instructional strategies will be most helpful for Aaron, a kindergarten student with an intellectual disability, to remember the order to independently complete personal care tasks, such as washing hands after using the restroom?

a picture checklist posted in the restroom

Response to Intervention (RtI)

a process to monitor and measure student progress in the general education curriculum after instructional intervention is provided small group pull-out, tutoring

Educational Diagnostician

a professional who has been trained to assess and diagnosis various disabilities in an educational setting Diagnostician

Culture

a set of shared attitudes or beliefs common to a group or area

Which of the following activities would be the best measure of whether a first-grade student understands the relationship between numbers?

ability to place multiple numbers in the appropriate spots on a blank number line

Assessing the validity of an assessment will help to determine whether the assessment:

accurately measures what it is supposed to measure.

The IEP team has proposed an initial evaluation for a student who is suspected of having an educational disability of autism. Which of the following areas of evaluation may be recommended?

achievement assessment Achievement testing is often a standard portion of the initial evaluation. This information will be used to demonstrate whether the student's achievement is commensurate with his/her cognitive ability. communication assessment One of the characteristics of autism is communication deficits. This may include difficulties with expressive, receptive, or pragmatic language. cognitive assessment Cognitive testing is often a standard portion of the initial evaluation. This information will be used to demonstrate whether the student's cognitive ability is commensurate with his/her achievement scores.

When evaluating a second-grade student for a learning disability, the diagnostician will look at a variety of work samples. Work from class, teacher-created tests, and an Independent Educational Evaluation (IEE) will be considered. What other summative assessment might be considered in the evaluation?

achievement test

An African American parent notices that over half of the special education class is non-white. She is concerned that the Local Education Agency (LEA) is trying to place her son in special education because of his ethnicity. How might the IEP committee best address her concern?

acknowledge her concern and review the assessment data and eligibility requirement criteria for her son

A fifth-grade student has been evaluated by a Licensed Specialist in School Psychology (LSSP) who determines that he should be diagnosed with an emotional behavior disorder. The student's parents are concerned about the stigmatization of this diagnosis. The special education teacher should:

acknowledge the parents' concerns and explain the services the student can now receive.

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

activities performed daily to meet an individual's basic needs Washing hair and body

Mrs. Dubarry has a second-grade student with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in her classroom and has been struggling to find effective strategies to help him join in play with peers. To better understand the student and to come up with more effective strategies, with parent permission, Mrs. Dubarry pairs with the school counselor to help brainstorm effective strategies to help the student engage with his classmates. What are some activities the teacher and counselor could practice with the student?

activities that reinforce teamwork and cooperation within the classroom

Based on the screening responses listed below, which of the following assistive technology devices would be most appropriate for the student's needs? Screening for Assistive Technology: Writing Check all observed difficulties Including appropriate details when responding to essay questions Knowing and applying basic punctuation rules Organizing thoughts and ideas into a paragraph X Writing legible words and sentences X Demonstrating appropriate line spacing Editing for clarity Correct spelling

adaptive paper Adaptive paper can have raised or bold lines as well as specific colors which can help with letter positions and line spacing.

Which of the following best describes a testing accommodation that may be appropriate for a student who experiences panic attacks?

administering the test in a small group setting with familiar test examiner

What is the main advantage of joining a professional organization related to special education?

advancing knowledge with opportunities for collaboration

A third-grade student with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is engaging in severe property destruction. The general education teacher mentions she had a student in a previous year who engaged in this behavior. She suggests implementing the behavior intervention plan for her previous student with the current student. The special education teacher should:

advise against this and invite the teacher to the ARD meeting to request an FBA.

Factors to consider when proposing special education and related services for the student's IEP include the

alignment of services with goals and specially designed instruction

A third-grade teacher wants to do a cross-curricular activity involving math and social studies so she plans a big project. Students must make a paper good to sell in the market and they can earn play money in class to buy goods from other students on market day. They also learn about paying taxes and renting booth space at the market. What type of skills are being taught through this project?

all of the above

What professionals, other than special education teachers and paraprofessionals, can provide services as a part of the IEP?

all of the above Students can receive speech therapy, occupational therapy, and diagnostic services as a part of an IEP.

Which of the following assessment methods would be the most appropriate way for a teacher to quickly gauge understanding toward the end of a mini-lesson?

asking students to hold up their thumbs (up, down, or sideways) to rate how well they understand what was just taught

A sixth-grade student with a traumatic brain injury has difficulty completing tests as quickly as peers. The student often becomes flustered as it gets closer to the end of the class period and rushes to finish the test even if he is selecting answers at random. If added to his IEP, which of the following accommodations would address this student's needs?

allow extended time to complete classroom tests

Augmentative Communication Aids

allow for expressive (expressing thoughts/ ideas) and receptive (understanding what others are saying) communication in children with limited to no communication Speech to Text Communicator or Text to Speech Communicator

Environmental Control Aids

allow students to independently interact with/control their environment Adapted switches or Adapted appliances

Aids For Daily Living

allow students to independently perform activities of daily living (eating, grooming, toileting, etc.) Adapted cups that prevent choking and spills Velcro/hooks that allow for independent dressing

Computer Access Aids

allow students with disabilities to easily use classroom computers Adapted keyboard or Special software

A student with a sensory processing disorder has extreme sensitivity to loud noises and is easily distracted by environmental sounds. To best support this student, the teacher can:

allow the student to wear noise-canceling headphones whenever needed.

The main purpose for a teacher to use formative assessment is to:

allow the teacher to review student responses and make changes to the instructional plan based on the responses.

Jaden is a 16-year-old student who uses a walker. Jaden's reading and math skills are on grade level, but his writing skills are below grade level. Jaden works with an occupational therapist to improve typing speed and handwriting legibility. Which of the following accommodations may be most appropriate for Jaden?

allowing Jaden to circle answers and write responses directly on a test booklet instead of the answer sheet

Lena is an eighth-grade student with ADHD. Which of the following would be the best accommodation to help Lena succeed? Select all answers that apply.

allowing Lena to work in a quiet area of the room allowing Lena to take breaks at specific stopping points during assignments

Paola is an eleventh-grade student who participates in an inclusion classroom for algebra. She has a vision impairment as well as an emotional disability. Which of the following accommodations would be most appropriate for Paola when being administered the state assessment?

allowing Paola to use a large-print test booklet

Xavier is a ninth-grade student with a learning disability that affects his ability to solve multi-step problems. Which of the following strategies would best help Xavier solve algebraic equations with one variable?

allowing Xavier to use a checklist with the steps for solving algebraic equations

Jonah is a seventh-grade student who has a health impairment due to multiple sclerosis (MS). Jonah's disability causes vision problems, pain, and fatigue. Which of the following accommodations is most appropriate for Jonah during his inclusion English language arts class?

allowing him to listen to audiobook versions of novels or short stories

A middle school student with a mild intellectual disability has difficulty recalling basic addition and subtraction facts. Which of the following strategies would most likely help the student meet the math standards for their grade level?

allowing the student to use a calculator for basic addition and subtraction facts

Aaron is a seventh-grade student with a specific learning disability. Aaron's reading comprehension and math reasoning skills are on grade level. Aaron's math calculation skills are below grade level. He is taking a math test which includes word problems. Which of the following accommodations would be most appropriate?

allowing the use of a calculator

In a co-teach classroom, seating students in collaborative groups is most likely to be beneficial because grouping:

allows students with disabilities to work closely with non-disabled peers

A prekindergarten teacher gives each student a tray of sand and asks them to trace the letter "s" into the sand while making the /s/ sound out loud. This lesson is best designed to support the development of what concept?

alphabetic principle

Manifestation Determination Review (MDR)

an ARD committee meeting that must be held before any disciplinary action which would remove a special education student from the prescribed placement in his or her IEP for more than 10 days; the meeting must determine if the behavior which led to the discipline is a direct result of the student's disability or not

A kindergarten student has been identified by a general education teacher as having repetitive behaviors and language delays. After evaluation, the Licensed Specialist in School Psychology (LSSP) determines the student is on the autism spectrum. What steps are required for the student to access special education services?

an ARD meeting must be held to review the evaluation and offer services

Individualized Family Services Plan (IFSP)

an IEP for a child 0-3 years old to ensure that they receive early interventions through special education services

A third-grade teacher is planning an introductory lesson on perimeter. Which of the following would be the most appropriate to include in the lesson?

an activity in which students are given the dimensions of the school garden and asked to work in groups to determine how much fencing they would need to enclose the garden

A kindergarten teacher would like to assess her students' understanding of print concepts. Which informal assessment activity would best achieve this goal?

asking students to point to the words of a familiar text while they read with the teacher

According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), all committees working on a student's IEP must be comprised of at least one general education teacher responsible for implementing the student's IEP, at least one special education teacher, the student's parent(s), a person trained in interpreting instructional implications of the evaluation results, and:

an administer acting as a representative of the local education agency

A third-grade teacher is working with a small group of students on representing fractions. She asks students to use the method of their choice to represent ¾. All of the students choose to draw a circle divided into 4 equal parts and color 3 parts. She then asks students to represent the same fraction in another way. Which of the following is NOT a method that the students could use to represent ¾?

an array

Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)

an educational right of all children to receive instruction tailored to their needs at no cost to their family

Tourette syndrome is characterized by motor tics, such as facial twitching or abnormal eye blinking, and vocal tics, such as throat clearing or squeaking. In order to qualify for special education services under IDEA, a student with Tourette syndrome must experience what in the classroom?

an impact to their learning

A student was recently found to be eligible as having an emotional disability. The parents disagree with the eligibility determination and feel that the evaluation was not comprehensive. What may the parents requests if they disagree with the school's evaluation?

an independent educational evaluation

A special education teacher is teaching students to improve their understanding of texts by scanning the text to preview text features and graphic elements. Which of the following genres is best served by this reading comprehension strategy?

an informational text

Anxiety Disorder

an overwhelming feeling of panic and worry over situations that aren't considered to be dangerous or threatening Some anxiety disorders are related to social situations and the fear of judgment.

Which of the following is the most advanced language arts skill?

analyzing instances of figurative language

Mrs. Latham is a tenth-grade English teacher with multiple inclusion classes. Which of the following reading strategies Mrs. Latham uses in class is most likely to be beneficial to students in other content areas?

annotating text to identify key information and concepts

Which of the following elements of a lesson plan is most beneficial for Ms. Jackson to use for her ADHD students on an instructional objective related to avoidance behaviors?

anticipatory set This is the correct answer because the anticipatory set occurs at the beginning to engage the students in the topic which is when avoidance behaviors occur.

In an IEP meeting, which of the following would likely be provided by the parents of the student?

any relevant medical information including contact information for doctors

What disability affects a person's ability to speak and understand speech most likely after a traumatic brain injury, stroke, dementia, illness, and other progressive neurological disorders?

aphasia

Which of the following annual goals is most likely to be included in an Individualized Education Program (IEP) for an eleventh grade student who has autism?

appropriately interpreting body language during conversations with peers and adults

Adrian is a 7-year-old boy who receives weekly services from a speech-language pathologist. He has trouble producing speech sounds and struggles with tongue and jaw movement. What is the most likely reason that Adrian is seeing a speech-language pathologist?

apraxia

A third-grade teacher is planning a lesson on representing multiplication facts. She wants students to be able to model multiplication problems using a variety of different representations. Which of the following includes ways that the students could model a basic multiplication fact?

arrays, equal-sized groups, number lines

Which of these is not considered a typical negative behavior in a classroom setting?

arriving late

A teacher had implemented the RTI process with a student who was failing to make progress on grade-level math skills, but the student did not respond to the interventions. Which of the following is the next step in the process to determine whether or not the student will receive special education services?

ask the students' parent or guardian for consent to have the student evaluated

Which of the following activities is most likely to be used to teach reading comprehension?

asking students to draw a picture of the main character in the class read-aloud book based on how the author describes them

Emily, a general education social studies teacher, and Thomas, a special education teacher, are teaching a co-taught seventh-grade social studies class. They are designing a research project to teach and assess students' inquiry skills which will ask students to select a current event to investigate from a list of options. Which of the following would NOT be an appropriate method of differentiation to include in this project?

assigning topics to some students based on difficulty level

Assistive Listening Devices / Environmental Aids

assist students who are hard of hearing/deaf process auditory information Amplification devices

Academic and Learning Aids

assist students with certain disabilities that impact learning and effect child's ability to master academic content Calculator

Micah is a high school junior with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). His Individualized Education Program (IEP) includes the use of a speech-to-text device for classroom assessments and standardized assessments. This device is an example of:

assistive technology.

The Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) is most likely to be used for consideration of identification in the area of:

attention deficit disorder (ADHD).

Average to above average intelligence, difficulty with working memory and executive functioning skills, and challenges with distractibility are characteristic of which of the following conditions?

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Daniel is a ten-year-old who scores within the average range for his age on standardized tests but performs significantly below grade level in most academic subjects due to difficulties with organization and focusing. This profile is most consistent with a classification of:

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Patrick is an eighth-grade student with Treacher Collins syndrome. He participates actively in class and reads on grade level. Patrick wears corrective lenses and has mild hearing loss. Which of the following supports may be most beneficial for Patrick?

audiological services

A portable device that is programmed to verbalize words or short phrases for the user is an example of a(an):

augmentative communication device.

A third-grade general education student, James, has been displaying limitations with social interactions for several years. James enjoys playing games with much younger children, but he struggles to be included with his peers during classroom activities and recess. James has difficulty interpreting body language and pragmatic language such as puns, idioms, and sarcasm. Recently, he has been sent to the school counselor's office for making inappropriate comments during class. He has started complaining that he doesn't want to go to school, although he is typically a student who earns As and Bs. Which of the following disability categories may be indicated by James' behavior?

autism

Elijah is a twelve year old student who uses a human scribe or speech-to-text software for written responses. Elijah tested above grade level for reading and mathematics. Elijah tested slightly below grade level for writing and provided limited written responses due to difficulty with handwriting and typing skills. His speech/language therapy goal focuses on improving social interactions with peers. His occupational therapy goal is to improve typing speed and identify and utilize sensory strategies. Which of the following eligibility classifications is most likely to be documented on Elijah's Individualized Education Program (IEP)?

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Marcus is an 8-year-old student who reads below grade level and struggles to communicate effectively with peers and adults. He exhibits self-soothing behaviors, including hand-flapping and spinning. Marcus's parents report that he was late meeting several verbal milestones and that he tends to become immersed in singular areas of interest. These traits are most likely related to a diagnosis of:

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A kindergarten teacher is working on adding one-digit numbers with a small group of students. Which of the following would NOT be a manipulative that the teacher might plan to use?

base ten blocks

In order to decode unfamiliar words while reading, students must first:

be able to correctly match sounds to individual letters in a familiar word.

A special education teacher is finishing up documentation for an upcoming IEP meeting. The IEP will begin shortly before the student turns 14. The special education teacher should:

begin a primary transition plan for the student using the district and state criteria.

In Ms. Jackson's emotional behavior support self-contained class, her nine students are most likely to have difficulty with which of the following aspects of communication development?

being able to interpret a speaker's feelings from their tone of voice

Which characteristic below is common for students who have autism?

being withdrawn

The LEA has the responsibility to identify, locate, and evaluate all students who reside in the state of Texas who are in need of special education or related services, including students enrolling in private schools. At what age can children begin receiving services?

birth

A kindergarten student is falling behind as the class progresses through phonetic instruction. She has memorized most of the sound-to-letter pairings, but as the class prepares to move on to more complex letter combinations, the teacher is concerned that she will not be able to catch up without additional help. How should the teacher support this student's phonetic skills development?

by providing additional instruction, either small-group or individualized, on the letters and the corresponding sound(s)

Which of the following teaching strategies would provide the best opportunity for differentiated instruction of preschool students?

center-based independent practice

Setting Accommodation

changes the location or conditions of the testing environment to reduce distractions for the student or other students alternate location, small group administration

Sensory Processing Disorder

characterised by over- or under-stimulation of one or all of the five senses (taste, smell, touch, hearing, and sight)

A special education teacher is working to improve the reading fluency of struggling readers in her 4th-grade class. Which of the following strategies is the teacher most likely to use for this purpose?

choral reading activities

After completing a unit on graphing data, students are given the following table and asked what type of graph is most appropriate for displaying this data. What should they use? Preferred Flavor of Ice Cream Number of Students None 6 Chocolate 184 Vanilla 109 Mint Chocolate Chip 88 Other 152

cicle graph

Self-Contained Special Education Classroom

class with a smaller number of students receiving special education services with similar needs that are taught by special education teachers with paraprofessional support

Profound Intellectual Disability

classified as anything below 20-25 IQ score

Mild Intellectual Disability

classified as having an IQ in the range from 50-55 up to around 70

Mr. Burke is a second-grade teacher working on counting sets of coins with a small group of students. Students are each given a set of play coins and asked to find the total. Mr. Burke watches one student, Elijah, as he counts a set of 3 dimes, 2 nickels, and 2 pennies. Elijah separates the coins into two sets: a row of dimes and nickels and a separate row of pennies. He then begins counting the row of dimes and nickels by saying, "five, ten, fifteen, twenty, twenty-five." Next, he moves to the pennies and continues to count on, saying "twenty-six, twenty-seven." Based on this observation, which of the following skills should Mr. Burke plan on reviewing with Elijah?

coin identification

A first-grade teacher receives a new student who has a diagnosis of autism. He is supported by special education services but spends most of his time in the general education classroom. His current reading level is unknown and he often loses interest in independent work, choosing to draw instead. He also frequently sits by himself at lunch and recess and does not participate in group activities. Which of the following would be an important first step in determining the student's reading level?

collaborating with the special education teacher to administer a reading assessment

The parent of a seventh-grade student with a specific learning disability in reading and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) informs the special education teacher that he has begun a new medication for ADHD. The student begins falling asleep regularly in class and often sleeps through lunch. What steps should the special education teacher take to address the student's sleeping?

collect data on how often they are sleeping and notify the parent about the change

A student is suspected to have an emotional or behavioral disorder. A key step in determining if the student has characteristics of an emotional or behavioral disorder is to:

collect input from a variety of individuals who see the student in a variety of settings.

A fifth-grade student with dyslexia continues to struggle with reading even though she has received special education services for over a year. The teacher would like to use assistive technology (AT) to help her. What would be the first low-tech type of assistive technology that may be considered for addition into her Individualized Education Plan (IEP) and why?

colored overlays, because they are low cost and do not disrupt the classroom setting

An Individual Education Plan that involves vocational preparation usually requires agreement by all parties below except a:

community representative.

A 4th-grade class is comparing and contrasting two articles, one about bats and one about birds. Which of the following strategies can the inclusion teacher implement to help his students compare and contrast these articles?

completing a Venn Diagram

For students in fifth grade, which of the following literacy skills is likely the focus of reading instruction?

comprehension

Marisol is a second-grade student with a specific learning disability (SLD) in math calculation. Which of the following supports can best help Marisol learn to complete two-digit subtraction problems?

concrete reinforcers, such as counting sticks and blocks

A special education teacher has three students in a fourth-grade reading group who are frequently distracted during tests. The students often bubble incorrectly during testing and do not finish in the allotted time. The special education teacher should:

consider providing testing accommodations for the students at their next IEP meeting.

When a family receives a diagnosis that identifies one of their children with a disability, research shows that a typical experience before developing coping processes and researching resources is to:

cope with grief and stress.

In order to write an effective summary of a text, a student must first be able to do which of the following?

correctly paraphrase information

A kindergarten teacher planning number sense activities for the year must ensure that the activities match the continuum of skill development. Which of the following lists demonstrates the correct order of skill development?

counting a set number of objects, understanding basic addition or subtraction problems, solving basic word problems with manipulatives, solving basic word problems involving measurement and data

Which of the following is an appropriate functional skill to teach a student in elementary school who has a moderate intellectual disability?

counting money

A fourth-grade student with autism spectrum disorder has difficulty making and maintaining friendships in his general education classroom. To help address this, the special education teacher should:

create a social skills small group to practice trading information and conversations.

A special education teacher is having difficulty with a sixth-grade math group. The students are frequently off-task and often do not complete their work correctly. One strategy the teacher can implement to improve student behavior is:

create a tally system for focus and correct work that can be exchanged for in-class privileges

A first-grader with Autism Spectrum Disorder and limited verbal speech in a self-contained classroom is unable to effectively wash his hands after using the restroom. The student currently turns the water on and off then returns to his area. To improve the student's hand-washing skills, the special education teacher should:

create a task analysis to teach the student how to wash his hands effectively.

Which of the following would NOT be an appropriate classroom support for teaching the alphabetic principle in an inclusion kindergarten room?

creating a chalkboard station where students can practice writing each letter

The IEP for a student with multiple disabilities contains the following language arts objective. The student will write a sentence using appropriate punctuation and spelling in 4 out of 5 trials. Which of the following classroom activities would be most appropriate to provide data to meet this objective?

creating a thank you card for a staff member that includes a greeting Creating a thank you card is an opportunity to practice fine motor skills as well as writing skills by including a sentence inside the card that demonstrates proper spelling and punctuation.

Jordan is a fourth-grade student with dyslexia who struggles with sounding out unfamiliar words. Which of the following would be the most helpful strategy to use to help Jordan get more comfortable with sounding out new words?

creating cards with phonemes and graphemes that he can manipulate to make words and work together to sound them out

Which strategy would best assist a transitioning student with a learning disability in the workplace?

creating vocational goals within the IEP to target specific job-related skills

A new student from Mexico does not make eye contact with the teacher during one-on-one conversation. The teacher is offended and requests that the student look at her when she is talking. The teacher must understand that this behavior is a result of the student's:

cultural influence.

A kindergarten teacher is planning a lesson about holidays. When planning the lesson, he considers all holidays that are celebrated by students in his class and how to incorporate aspects of all into the lesson. This teacher is demonstrating an understand of:

culturally responsive instruction.

A teacher is preparing for an annual review IEP meeting. Which of the following assessments is most beneficial to determine current levels of academic performance?

curriculum-based assessment

Which of the following types of assessment provides information about how a student is progressing in academic areas such as reading and math classes and may provide periodic updates for parents?

curriculum-based assessment

Which of the following activities would be most effective in helping first-graders understand partitioning 2-dimensional shapes into equal parts?

cutting out different shapes and having students fold them into 2 or 4 equal parts

Which one of the following disabilities is not recognised as a major disability category by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)?

deaf-mute

A 5th-grade student with a learning disability generally comprehends engaging, narrative texts, but is struggling with content-specific informative texts. The teacher regularly implements pre-reading activities for the class as a whole. Which of the following strategies should the inclusion teacher implement to help this student when reading informative texts?

decrease reading rate

Ellie is a student in Ms. Lee's prekindergarten class. She is exploring a set of blocks with a friend at one of the classroom centers. Ms. Lee observes Ellie as she lines up seven blocks in a row. Ellie looks at the blocks and says, "One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine. I have nine blocks!" Based on this description, Ms. Lee can best help Ellie by:

demonstrating how to physically touch each block as she counts out loud.

Which of the following would NOT be an appropriate use of formative assessment data?

determining mastery of unit skills

Which of the following is the most appropriate functional math skill to teach a high school student with multiple disabilities?

developing a budget for weekly trips to the grocery store

A fourth-grade inclusion teacher has been teaching grammar skills as a daily warm-up activity for language arts class. After practicing this skill for two weeks, the teacher asks students to label the parts of speech in a sentence. The table below summarizes students' responses to this prompt. Number of Responses Response Content 5 Students gave off-topic or incorrect responses (ex: labeled parts of speech inaccurately, made corrections to spelling, or made corrections to punctuation) 14 Students labeled at least three parts of speech correctly on the sentence (ex: noun, verb, adjective, pronoun) 2 No response How should the teacher use this data to support the students?

developing mini-lessons around specific parts of speech that can be taught to struggling students in small groups

A teacher who identifies strengths and weaknesses for each student, designs instruction according to students' areas of need, uses varying instructional strategies according to each students' needs, and develops custom learning paths for each of the students is using:

diagnostic-prescriptive method.

An inclusion teacher assists the sixth-grade math teacher with individual and small group instruction for the students with learning disabilities. Which instructional strategy would be appropriate to recommend when designing instructional lessons?

differentiated instruction

A student has demonstrated some phonological awareness but continues to struggle with phonemic awareness. The student's struggle with phonemic awareness is likely to lead to which of the following literacy development challenges?

difficulty decoding words

Which of the following characteristics is most commonly associated with a receptive language disorder?

difficulty understanding spoken language

The following image is most likely to be part of a lesson on which of the following eighth-grade math concepts?

dilation or calculating scale factor

Learned Helplessness

disconnection between an individual's understanding of their own role in determining their success or failure

Bipolar Disorder

disorder of the brain that causes extreme feelings of happiness (known as "mania") followed by extreme feelings of sadness (depression) If not treated, bipolar disorder can lead to damaged relationships, trouble at work or in school, and even depression.

Voice recognition software, such as a speech-to-text program, is of greatest benefit for students with which of the following?

dysgraphia

Amir, a ten year old boy with a specific learning disability (SLD), has difficulty with decoding words, phonemic awareness, reading fluency, and comprehending grade level passages that he has read independently. Which of the following disorders is described above?

dyslexia

Which of the following would be considered an activity of daily living (ADL)? Select all answers that apply.

eating balanced meals toileting showering

An elementary teacher should teach students to determine the functions and purposes of media. These include which of the following?

education, information, and persuasion

A fifth-grade teacher is preparing to launch a unit focused on multiplying and dividing fractions. Which of the following concepts should he include on the pre-unit diagnostic test?

finding simplest form

A curriculum that focuses on teaching academic and social skills, utilizes therapeutic and behavioral strategies, and provides support during transitional activities is most likely used with students with:

emotional disabilities.

A student with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) experiences panic attacks and psychosomatic symptoms such as headaches and stomach aches which affect the student's participation and attendance. Which of the following disability categories may be most appropriate?

emotional disability

A student with bipolar disorder experiences significant mood swings which impact the student's ability to attend school and participate in class activities. The student's mental health has affected his ability to form friendships with peers. Which of the following disabilities would be most appropriate when considering eligibility for special education services?

emotional disability

Which of the following pairs does not match the associated description of an individual with this disability?

emotional disability: has significant cognitive impairments and deficits in adaptive skills

A teacher is reading aloud to her class. At the end of a paragraph, she stops to ask the students a question like, "Where do you think the tiger is headed now?" In asking a question like this, the teacher is trying to:

encourage students to make predictions based on textual evidence.

Liam is a 5th-grade student who is twice-exceptional; he has an ADHD diagnosis and a gifted and talented placement. His teacher notices that he is struggling with writing, often missing words or letters in words, leaving out spaces, and leaving out punctuation. She reaches out to the special education teacher to ask for advice. Which of the following would NOT be a beneficial intervention for Liam?

encouraging him to organize his thoughts on a graphic organizer before beginning to write

A third-grade student with autism and a severe speech impediment is provided an alternative communication device in their IEP meeting. One effective way that the teacher can promote the use of this AAC device is to:

ensure the device is readily available for use and within reach.

Inclusion

ensuring students with disabilities are included in classroom activities as much as possible

Which of the following is a provision of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act?

ensuring that students are provided with reasonable accommodations to access the curriculum

At the end of a lesson about the life cycle of a ladybug, a teacher hands an index card to each student and asks the students to draw one of the parts of the life cycle and label it. The teacher tells the students to hand the index cards to her as they leave to go to their next class. The teacher will then review the cards before the students return to class the next day to determine what, if anything, needs to be retaught. The teacher is using the index cards as a/an

exit ticket.

A first-grade student has recently been diagnosed with autism and his parents are attending their first ARD meeting. The student's mother admits to the special education teacher that she is nervous and does not understand some of the process. How can the special education teacher assist the parent in the ARD meeting?

explain common acronyms that occur during the meeting such as IEP, ASD, FIE, etc.

Penelope's parents meet with the ARD committee to review her initial evaluation results and discuss what happens next. They are nervous about the outcome and unsure of how to move forward based on the assessment and evaluation information. The best way for the special education teacher to support Penelope's parents would be to:

explain the results of the assessments and evaluations in a thorough way that her parents understand, and then present the next steps for the parents to consider based on the information they have about Penelope.

An eight-year-old student participates in an inclusive 3rd grade classroom. The student often provides one-word responses or says "I don't know" when asked questions during class. Her written responses are also typically brief. However, she is able to listen to the teacher during instruction and follow multi-step directions. She has a group of friends and does not appear to struggle with conversations during unstructured activities such as lunch and recess. The student is currently participating in speech/language therapy in the small group setting. Which area of speech/language skills is likely being addressed based on this information?

expressive language

An algebra teacher is preparing to introduce the method of completing the square in order to solve quadratic equations. Which of the following concepts is it most important for the teacher to assess, prior to beginning this topic?

factoring trinomials

Which of the following classroom activities would be most difficult for a nine-year-old student who has mild intellectual disability?

figurative language writing prompt

Cultural Stereotypes

fixed impression which may have little basis in fact all Asian students are above average intelligence

At what age is a child eligible to be evaluated for developmental delays that may qualify for special services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)?

from birth Under Part C of IDEA, babies and toddlers are eligible from birth for support to assist with any identified condition that causes developmental delay. The definition of "developmental delay" is intentionally broad in federal law, allowing each state to more clearly define what qualifies.

Students are called individually to read a short passage to the teacher. As students read, the teacher marks whenever the student misreads a word. The following chart represents the results for the first 10 readers. Student Number of Errors Percentage Correct Tiffany 5 92% Michael 15 77% Kaz 12 82% Seraphina 4 94% Atlas 16 75% Jordyn 10 85% Izze 8 88% Declan 2 97% Willow 13 80% Johnny 10 85% Based on the data in this chart, the majority of the students are at which reading level for this text?

frustrational

When designing instruction, it is important to remember that students who have severe intellectual disabilities greatly benefit from participating in a learning environment that utilizes/has:

functional curriculum.

As part of her first-week student survey, Mrs. Walker asks students to provide the titles of two books they enjoyed, one book they started and never finished, one book they finished but didn't love, and their favorite genre(s) to read. Which of the following would be the most reasonable purpose for gathering this information?

gaining an impression of student reading habits and interests for consideration when choosing class readings

A paraprofessional is helping a high school student transition from his wheelchair to the toilet. Which of these tools should be used by the student?

gait belt

Which of the following is not considered an appropriate placement for a student after transitioning from high school?

gap year Planning for a student to take a year off prior to college is not an appropriate placement. The transition team should plan for community service or job training during the year off.

Cystic Fibrosis

genetic condition that damages the lungs and digestive system due to the body producing excess fluids and mucus, often leading to blockages in the body, especially within the lungs and intestines

Fragile X

genetic condition that usually results in developmental delays including learning disabilities and cognitive impairment

Down Syndrome

genetic disorder caused by a third copy of chromosome 21 usually resulting in growth delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and distinct facial features

An Informal Reading Inventory can assess for all of the following reading skills except:

grammatical comprehension.

Students are asked to solve the word problem below. The school carnival is coming up and Jenny and Sarah plan to sell cupcakes. Since the school carnival is a fundraiser, Jenny and Sarah's parents make a donation to their cupcake booth to get them started. Jenny starts with a $5 donation and sells her cupcakes for $3 each. Sarah starts with a $10 donation and sells her cupcakes for $2 each. How many cupcakes do Jenny and Sarah have to sell for their profits to be equal? One student's response is "Zero, because if Jenny sells her cupcakes for more money, then she will always have more profit." Which of the following activities could help the student realize his misconception?

graphing the scenarios

Which of these would not be a needed source of data for a student going through the referral process for a potential learning disability?

growth reports

Students who have autism are usually more successful in classroom environments that:

have clear schedules and routines.

Which of the following would be most beneficial for a student with an emotional disability who has a tendency to leave campus when transitioning between classrooms or from inside to outside?

having a paraprofessional or other staff member accompany the student during transitions

If a student has an IQ between 20 and 35, they will likely be identified as:

having a severe intellectual disability.

Which of the following would be an appropriate summative assessment for fourth grade students who are learning about parts of speech?

having students independently label each part of speech for words in a given sentence

Which of the following would be the most beneficial activity to include in a seventh-grade lesson introducing circumference of a circle?

having students measure the distance around various circular objects using a string or measuring tape

Mel is an elementary student diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. In order for her to be most successful in the classroom setting, her general education teacher can support her by:

keeping consistent routines and expectations that are clearly stated and posted in the classroom.

A first-grade teacher is reviewing expanded form with her students and is using the number 74 as an example. She explains to students that since the value of the 7 is actually 70, the expanded form of 74 is 70 + 4. She notices that several students seem confused. What step could she take to improve students' understanding of expanded form?

having students model 74 using base ten blocks and asking them what the 7 tens are worth

A special education teacher is teaching a high-school vocational class for individuals with intellectual disabilities. The current unit is on scheduling vocational activities. The special education teacher wants to create a relevant activity in a community setting. An appropriate lesson for this unit would be:

having the students research and schedule public transportation to various places in the city.

The classification of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is determined primarily on the basis of:

head injuries that cause impairments in one or more areas of a major life function.

In which disability below could an FM device be useful, and how would it be useful?

hearing impairment; the device helps to amplify sound near the transmitter to the receiver

A ninth grader with learning disabilities has severe asthma and controls the asthma with a preventative inhaler and nebulizer treatments during the school day. One day during class, he experiences an asthma attack. Which of the following behaviors may signify that the student is experiencing an asthma attack?

heavy, wheezing breathing

Which characteristics are common to students with visual impairment?

heightened senses to accommodate for the lower functioning sense of sight stumbling or uncoordinated movement

Which of the following is the main purpose of instructing students with significant cognitive disabilities using a functional curriculum?

help students to develop daily living skills needed for adulthood

Visual Aids

help students with visual impairments/blindness process visual information Magnifiers or Screen reading software

A general education teacher is concerned about teaching an upcoming unit to the student receiving special education services in the class. What is the most effective way for the special education teacher to collaborate with the general education teacher?

help the general education teacher implement the instructional accommodations that are outlined in the student's IEP

Which of the following would NOT be considered when determining whether a student is a fluent reader?

helping students to connect prior knowledge and expand their ideas

When a special education teacher is considered "highly qualified," it means they:

hold a bachelor's degree, are certified through their state to teach special education, and demonstrate subject matter competence in the academic subject areas they teach.

The transition service section of an IEP contains information pertaining to:

how the student will move from public school to post-graduation and adult life.

While conducting research for an informational essay on an ancient civilization, a seventh-grade student is using an encyclopedia as a reference. The student is flipping through the pages trying to find the right entry. In order to best help the student locate the information quickly, the teacher should give the student instruction on:

how to locate and use the index.

Which of the following steps is a parent or guardian required to take in order to file a due process complaint?

identify any issues related to identification, evaluation and free appropriate public education (FAPE)

Which of these behaviors would be concerning when evaluating a 3-year-old's speech/language development?

identifying 5 out of 10 common objects correctly

A 10 year-old student with an intellectual disability is learning to identify colors. Which of the following activities would be most appropriate to help her to grasp an understanding of the color green?

identifying a green chair in the classroom, a green ball on the playground, and a green cup in the cafeteria

The teaching of which of the following geometry skills to students with disabilities would be most aided by the use of technology such as a touch screen?

identifying congruent polygons and classifying congruence transformations

Which of the following is the primary reason that teachers administer formative assessments?

identifying mastered skills and skills in need of further development

Alexander is a ninth-grade student who is identified as having autism and an intellectual disability. His most recent evaluation indicates that he is functioning on a first grade level. Alexander participates in a self-contained classroom and is instructed using functional curriculum. Which of the following IEP goals would be most appropriate for Alexander?

identifying sight words and using those words to form simple sentences

The special education teacher collects data on a student's progress on phonemic awareness to determine:

if further intervention is needed to meet criteria and plan for future instruction.

While reading a big book to the class, a preschool teacher routinely points to the illustrations and asks students to identify plot points, feelings, or interesting features in the illustration. By doing so, the teacher is reinforcing the idea that:

illustrations carry meaning relevant to the written text.

A student with a learning disability needs help with mathematical computation skills. The special education teacher is planning to teach basic math skills and mathematical reasoning through software for reinforcement. This type of software would be valuable for the teacher's purpose because of its ability to produce:

immediate feedback on answers.

A new student just moved into a small town and qualifies for special education services because he is hard of hearing. He primarily communicates using sign language. The Local Education Agency (LEA) does not have a certified sign language interpreter, but they do have a certified special education teacher. What is the district required to do in this situation?

immediately hire an interpreter

Recreational and Leisure Aids

increase independent and active participation in physical activity and leisure activities Adapted toys or Adapted exercise equipment (stationary bike)

Mobility Aids

increase student mobility Wheelchair or Walker

A student has a mild hearing impairment and uses an FM system. An anticipated result of the use of the FM system is:

increased access to academic information.

The reauthorization of IDEA in 2004 brought about which of the following?

increased accountability for students with disabilities to participate in state and local assessments

Mr. Larry provides in-class support for 4th- and 5th-grade students at Treasure Valley Elementary. Many of the students that he supports do not turn in their homework, get pencils, or begin their morning work without individual prompts, so he creates a visual checklist for them that is on the corner of their desks. Each morning, he simply taps the checklist as he walks by their desks and they begin to complete tasks on the list. The greatest benefit of this approach is that it:

increases independent skills and places more responsibility on the student.

Time / Scheduling Accommodation

increases the length of time designated to complete an assignment or alters the way the time is organized extended time, frequent breaks

The mathematics teacher and art teacher work together to create an interdisciplinary lesson using tessellations, which are basic geometric shapes set to a repeating pattern. The students cover a large piece of poster board with the patterns they create. Which of the following mathematical concepts is most closely reflected in this activity?

infinity

An early-childhood special education teacher and a general education pre-k teacher are teaching a morning circle time. There are 3 students with disabilities in the class with varying levels of communication. When planning the lesson, the special education teacher should:

inform the general education teacher of the IEP goals and help plan on how to embed them within instruction.

A parent attends an initial IEP committee meeting. After review and discussion of the evaluation, the parent disagrees with the results presented. All of the following are appropriate response from the IEP committee chairperson except:

inform the parent that they do not have the right to express their disagreement with a formal evaluation

A third-grade student with no history of seizures begins having a seizure in the special education classroom. In this case, the first thing the teacher should do is:

instruct a staff member or administrator to call 911.

One of the most essential components of an educational program for a student with a significant intellectual disability is to:

instruct the student using a functional academic curriculum with emphasis on independent living skills.

Mr. Amendola teaches an inclusive ninth-grade science class where he has weekly quizzes on learning material but uses a flexible approach to grading. He provides opportunities for additional instruction and allows all of his students to repeat quizzes multiple times. Mr. Amendola most likely takes this approach because:

it gives him a way to continuously collect data on student progress in order to differentiate his instructional methods based on his students' learning needs.

Kenny is a kindergarten student with an IEP relating to executive functioning and sensory processing issues. His teacher has created a First/Then task chart for him to use during their learning center time to help with expectations, as visual schedules are too overwhelming. The main benefit of using a First/Then task chart for Kenny is:

it helps Kenny to understand what is expected of him, focusing on two tasks at hand without being overwhelming.

Research has analyzed many predictors of students' success in learning to read in early grades. This research has found that which of the following abilities are the best predictors of good readers?

knowledge of letters and phonemic awareness skills

A 4th grade student has recently begun taking ADHD medicine. The student's parents have asked the teacher to let them know if she notices any changes in the student throughout the school day. Which of the following is a common side effect associated with common ADHD medicine?

lack of hunger

Roman has recently started on medication for ADHD. His mother sent an email to the teacher to let her know that his behavior and attentiveness should improve. What negative side effects may the parent ask the teacher to monitor?

lack of hunger or excessive thirst

Language Disorder

language is not developing as expected, or is developing abnormally

Which of the following is a required section of all Individualized Education Programs (IEPs)?

least restrictive environment

Before the school year starts, an elementary teacher plans activities to increase phonological awareness. Which of the skills below will likely be more prevalent earlier in the year as students are beginning to explore phonological awareness?

listening and rhyming

A student's IEP requires access to an adapted pencil or pen and a slant board. These are best described as which type of assistive technology?

low-tech assistive technology

Which of the following could be considered assistive technology for a physical education class that includes several students with disabilities that impair their movement and force generation?

lowering the basketball hoop

A first-grade student with a specific learning disability in language is struggling to understand letter-sound correspondence. Which of the following would be the most appropriate activity to support this students' letter-sound understanding?

making a letter sound while tracing the letter with a pencil and paper

Isaiah and Matthew, who sit at the same table, often talk during independent work time and are the last in class to finish their assignments. They rush to complete their work in the last five minutes so that they can line up to go to computer lab. Their teacher tried walking around the room and praising all of the students who were working, but this didn't change their rate of work completion. Then she started a new policy in which students cannot go to computer lab until their work has been reviewed for completion and accuracy. She reminds students of this rule before giving directions for the independent assignment. What type of technique did their teacher use?

manipulating the consequent stimulus The teacher manipulated the consequent stimulus by adjusting class rules so that students could not go to computer labs (a preferred activity) until their assignments were reviewed for completion and accuracy.

An elementary teacher is expected to model and teach students to comprehend, interpret, and use which of the following? Select all answers that apply.

maps Maps, by themselves, are only part of the correct answer, since teachers need to model and teach a wide variety of graphic organizers. C timelines Timelines, by themselves, are only part of the correct answer, since teachers need to model and teach a wide variety of graphic organizers. D charts Charts, by themselves, are only part of the correct answer, since teachers need to model and teach a wide variety of graphic organizers.

A formative assessment is intended to:

measure learning at various incremental points within a larger unit of study.

Ezra is a second-grade student with a specific learning disability in mathematics. Ezra is currently struggling with comparing three- and four-digit numbers despite receiving intensive in-class support from his teacher. Which of the following is the best action for Ezra's teacher to take in this situation?

meeting with the campus math interventionist to discuss additional support strategies for Ezra

A middle-school classroom has been working on a rough draft of a descriptive, autobiographical essay. After the first round of teacher review, Mr. Xu projects his draft on the board. Mr. Xu selects a sentence that he feels requires a rewrite. He chooses new adjectives to replace those that he originally used and adds a modifying phrase. Once this is done, he asks students which sentence they prefer, the original or updated. In this scenario, Mr. Xu is using what kind of writing instruction?

modeling

A sixth-grade student with a health impairment is performing significantly below grade level. The student participates in an inclusion language arts class. The class is currently studying figurative language. As a final assessment, the students have been asked to write a short story that incorporates and labels at least five types of figurative language. This student is given a short story and asked to label five examples of figurative language in the story using a word bank. The changes made to the assessment are known as:

modifications.

A self-management plan could help a 13-year-old student with autism:

monitor their own behavior and improve it.

A third-grade class is reading a biography of a famous inventor. Before reading, the teacher shows images of some of the inventions and the class discusses how they have interacted with the inventions in their lives. While reading, the teacher pauses to ask herself, "Why did he switch from copper to aluminum for the outside? Let me read this again." Then reviews the text aloud to find the answer. The teacher's actions while reading best depict her knowledge of which factor of reading comprehension?

monitoring for comprehension while reading

Mrs. Mathers is reading aloud with her class. As she reads she periodically stops and asks students questions about the text to clarify important plot developments and to explain the main ideas in the text. Which of the following is Mrs. Mathers most likely trying to accomplish?

monitoring students' comprehension of the text

A third-grade special education teacher is using a behavior recording system for a student who has been drawing pictures during class instead of completing assignments. Which of the following methods will gather information about the duration of the behavior?

monitoring the amount of time that the student draws pictures during an observation period

Federal safeguards in IDEA require parental consent to be obtained prior to each of the steps below except:

monitoring the implementation of supports.

A type of physical disability characterized by weakness and loss of muscle mass, is called:

muscular dystrophy.

Instructional and/or testing accommodations must be provided for a student with a disability by the school when it is

necessary in order for the student to access the curriculum

Spina Bifida

neural tube defect that occurs when the spine and spinal cord do not form properly; the most common permanently disabling birth defect

A special education teacher has finished printing out an IEP for an upcoming ARD meeting. Another teacher, who is not the student's general education teacher, asks if she can see the IEP paperwork as she has the student's sibling in her classroom. The special education teacher should:

not allow the other teacher to view the IEP paperwork.

As the special education teacher plans for the instructional day for a student with autism, the teacher must be cognizant of all of the following except:

number of siblings in the household

A fifth-grade teacher is concerned about the lack of academic achievement for one of her students. The teacher requests that the special education teacher observe and conference with her regarding appropriate instructional strategies. What is the best response that the special education teacher can offer?

observe and recommend the RtI process

Which of the following is not a legal responsibility of the special education teacher?

obtaining consent to evaluation on an annual basis

A second-grade teacher has noticed that a student is unable to hold her pencil properly and has difficulty with tasks such as tying her shoes and zipping her jacket. Which of the following professionals would be most appropriate to consult?

occupational therapist

Kylie is a second-grade student who is struggling with fine motor tasks such as holding a pencil, writing her name, and cutting with scissors. Her parents suspect that she may have a disability. Which of the following professionals would be most likely to evaluate Kylie?

occupational therapist

A life skills classroom with several non-verbal students and students with significant motor-control deficits is beginning a unit on reading comprehension. The teacher will provide a 2-3 sentence story and ask two simple questions about what the students have read. Which of the following would NOT be an appropriate support to include in the instructional design?

one-on-one support from a paraprofessional to help students indicate their answers

Career Goals

opportunity for real work experiences centered on skill development for the specific career interests Working in a retail store

Caleb is a tenth-grade student with a learning disability and currently reads at a second-grade level. Which of the following is the most appropriate accommodation for Caleb's math teacher to provide during assessments?

oral administration of tests and assignments

A student is easily distracted and is often described as lacking focus. The student struggles to organize his materials for school and frequently loses important materials such as pencils, erasers, and notebooks. The student is earning low scores due to missing or incomplete assignments but has not demonstrated any specific delays. Which of the following areas of eligibility may be most appropriate to consider when evaluating this student?

other health impairment

Peter is an eighth-grade student who has epilepsy. He experiences seizures which range in frequency and intensity. After a seizure, Peter may become fatigued, experience headaches, or may not recall what happened prior to the seizure. According to the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), his disability falls into which disability category?

other health impairment (OHI)

Which of the following strategies would be most appropriate for an elementary student with a receptive language disorder?

pairing vocabulary words with pictures when reading a story aloud

An eighth-grade student has just moved to the United States from Syria with his family. They are considered refugees. He uses a wheelchair, and his mother has requested special education services because she believes he has an orthopedic impairment. The school has conducted a full and individual evaluation (FIE) in his native language, which is also the primary language spoken at home. Who are the members of the Admission, Review, and Dismissal (ARD) committee that must be there to determine if he needs services?

parent, special education teacher, general education teacher, an administrator, an evaluator(s), and an interpreter

A third-grade student with an emotional behavior disorder is engaging in high rates of problem behavior in his current placement. The administrators and behavior specialist decide that an ARD meeting should be held to move the student to a more restrictive placement. What necessary steps should the administrators address in the ARD meeting?

parental consent for the more restrictive placement

After an evaluation for special education services, the results must be presented to which of the following individuals: Select all answers that apply.

parents or guardians of the child administrators only classroom teachers of the student

It is time for an annual IEP meeting for a student. What sources should the teacher always use when gathering data about student progress? Select all answers that apply.

parents; The parents should always be consulted when planning for an annual IEP meeting. general education teachers, The teachers should always be consulted when planning for an annual IEP meeting.

A special education teacher in a functional life skills classroom is teaching a student how to brush her teeth. When first introducing the skill, she held her hand over the student's hand as she showed the student all steps in the process. Now, the student is able to get her toothbrush and toothpaste independently. The teacher lightly taps the student's hand to prompt her to apply toothpaste to the toothbrush. What type of prompt is the teacher currently using?

partial physical prompt

Which of the following activities would best support students' work to improve their reading prosody?

participating in choral reading

A secondary teacher is having difficulty engaging Jose, one of her learning-disabled students, to complete his math assignments. She knows that he is highly motivated by peer interaction. Which instructional strategy would be a great motivator for the student?

peer coaching

A fifth-grade student with high function autism is having difficulty with social interaction in class. Which strategy would best address this concern in the general education classroom?

peer tutor in class

An eight-year-old student in Exceptional Student Education (ESE) who has muscular dystrophy has limited fine motor strength. The student is having difficulty writing with a pencil for long periods of time. An appropriate adaptation for the student is a

pencil grasp trainer

Progress Monitoring

periodic assessments to monitor student growth and evaluate the effectiveness of instruction The teacher prepared a progress monitoring assessment to see how much each student had improved and learn if his new instructional approach was effective.

Which of the following may be a component of the Response to Intervention (RTI) process for a student who is struggling in reading?

periodic meetings with parents and school staff to review progress or lack of progress

A second-grade student with an Individualized Education Program is working with a special education teacher on phonemic awareness. The student is consistently able to break down a word into separate sounds. Which of the following skills should the teacher plan to cover next with this student?

phoneme manipulation

A teacher divides her class into groups and ask the students to work together to identify the last sound in each group member's name. What skill has the teacher asked her students to practice?

phoneme segmentation

Which skill is the focus of an activity in a second-grade resource class requiring students to look at animal pictures and say the letter sound that begins each animal name?

phonemic awareness

While working one-on-one with a student, the teacher administers a nonsense word test. Which of the following skills is the teacher most likely trying to assess?

phonics A nonsense word test is used to determine students' knowledge and application of letter-sound relationships, also known as phonics skills

A first grade student is struggling to develop reading skills. A teacher noted the student's reading challenges while screening first grade students for possible learning disabilities. Challenges with which of the following specific reading skills is most likely to signal to the teacher the student may have a reading disability?

phonological awareness

Every day as part of his class' morning routine, a special education teacher has his class clap out the syllables of the day of the week and the month of the year. He then says a simple sentence about the day's activities and prompts his students to tell him how many words are in the sentence. Last, he names an object in the classroom and asks his students to identify the first sound, then share more words that start with the same sound. What type of skills is this teacher trying to promote through all these activities?

phonological awareness

Which of the following strategies would be most effective in helping students in the emergent literacy stage of development?

phonological awareness skills

Caroline is a student in first grade who was homeschooled for preschool and kindergarten. Caroline experienced a traumatic brain injury when she was four years old. When she attends recess with her class outside in the first three months of school, Caroline has a difficult time keeping her eyes open. She also struggled to see pictures in a book during small group time in the classroom. What condition might Caroline have?

photophobia

How can students be empowered to assist when they need help physically moving?

place them on their stronger side and provide prompts to help

When a student with emotional behavioral disability needs home and hospital teaching because of a crisis, what parts of the IEP must be changed?

placement

As a special education teacher, Mr. Platz wants to use an assessment that accurately reflects his students' vast diversity of skill and knowledge, and that uses multiple forms of data, student work, and learning material to measure progress. The best assessment style to recommend to Mr. Platz would be:

portfolio-based assessments.

A group of students in a middle school inclusion social studies class are demonstrating difficulty asking for help when they do not understand a question. The students will often put their heads on their desks or stare out the window until the teachers comes over to prompt them to complete work. What would be the most appropriate way to address this behavior?

practicing ways to ask for help that include verbal and nonverbal signals

A special education teacher is administering a reading fluency assessment during the first week of the school year. Results will be used to assign the students to reading groups and plan instructional activities and interventions. Which of the following types of assessments is the teacher using?

pre-assessment

A special education teacher has incorporated time in their 7th-grade resource class to develop the student's study skill using materials from their core class. The teacher notices that the students need assistance comprehending non-literary texts. Which of the following strategies will support these students' ability to understand and more easily interact with these texts?

pre-read text features and scan for organizational patterns

A third-grade teacher reads the following passage from a story: "As Jimmy was brushing his teeth before going to bed, he heard a terrible roar come from the garage. Jimmy didn't know what could be making that terrible noise, but he left a light on in the closet while he slept that night." The teacher then asks students questions about their thoughts on the events of the passage and what might be happening. Which of the following would this activity best promote?

predicting

A middle school student who has an orthopedic impairment, impacting his ability to walk and use one arm, will be transferring to a new classroom. In order for his teacher to best prepare the classroom environment she can:

prepare the classroom based on what the teacher knows about the incoming student's needs, with plans to adapt after the student joins the classroom. The teacher creates clear accessways, gathers adapted materials, learns how to use appropriate assistive technology devices, and creates an inclusive environment.

A 2nd grade student's Individualized Education Program (IEP) includes the following goal: "The student will answer reading comprehension questions of grade level texts with 70% accuracy" Which of the following examples of reading activities would most directly support her achievement of this goal?

preview and make predictions about texts

A special education student's IEP contains the following accommodation: During the writing process, the student will organize information using a graphic organizer. At which stage of the writing process does this goal apply?

prewriting

As a teacher reads a large print book to the class, she points to each word as she moves along the page. This instructional strategy is beneficial for teaching:

print awareness.

A prekindergarten teacher observes her student pick up a book and begin flipping through the pages from the back of the book toward the front of the book. This is evidence that the student has not yet mastered which of the following skills?

print concepts

A teacher is reading a unique, large print text to her class. As she turns the pages, she points to the words and identifies places in which the text is larger or smaller and other pages that have the text oriented vertically and upside down. By pointing out these irregularities, the teacher is building student's understanding of:

print concepts.

When student behavior interferes with the learning process, the IEP committee must consider all of the following except:

private therapy plan

Which of the following situations requires signed parent consent and agreement before proceeding?

proceeding with an initial evaluation

A small group of students has been scoring below average on math benchmarks. The teacher pulls this group for small group remediation. Which of the following assessments would be most appropriate for this group of students?

progress monitoring

Which of the following strategies involves collecting data at a series of intervals to determine students' current performance levels?

progress monitoring

AAccording to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), a school district is required to use written notice to inform parents of changes to the child's program as it relates to all of the following areas except"

proposal of new goals.

A first-grade student with autism spectrum disorder is having difficulty with classroom transitions. To help the student, the special education teacher should:

provide a visual schedule for the student.

A special education teacher is approached by a general education teacher regarding a student on her caseload. She is requesting support on how to appropriately implement the student's behavior intervention plan (BIP) in her classroom. The special education teacher should:

provide an overview and tips to help support the student's behavior in general education.

Seating and Positioning Aids

provide safe, comfortable, and easily-accessible seating/ position options Gait belt or Adjustable chairs

A teacher has reorganized the classroom library to make it easier for students to browse and select texts to read during silent reading time. In addition to this reorganization, the teacher decided to conduct a reading interest survey, so that she can be of assistance when students need prompting. After assessing the results of students' reading interest surveys, the teacher should:

provide students with a variety of titles across genres related to the students' interests.

A special education teacher receives a request from a local law enforcement agency. They provide her with a subpoena that requests all communication (emails, texts, call logs) with one of her student's guardians. The special education teacher should:

provide the agency with the requested communications.

A student who has a severe hearing impairment and uses hearing aids has just entered a fifth-grade class. Which of the following classroom strategies would be most beneficial for this student?

provide written directions to accompany all verbal directions

Ms. Stevens' third-grade class is completing an assignment in which they circle the larger of two fractions. While observing students as they work, she notices that one student, Ava, is consistently circling the smaller fraction on each pair. When Ms. Stevens asks Ava to explain her thought process on one of the problems, Ava states that "⅛ is greater than ¼, because 8 is bigger than 4." Based on this comment, which of the following would be the best way for Ms. Stevens to support Ava?

providing Ava with fraction bar manipulatives to model two fractions before identifying the larger fraction

A kindergarten teacher notes that one of her students, Chris, is unable to explain which number is larger or smaller in a pair when the numbers are presented as written numerals. Which of the following strategies would be most appropriate in this scenario?

providing Chris with counter manipulatives and tens frames to represent the numbers before comparing them

All of the following are effective supports for helping students with disabilities to understand and solve multi-step mathematics problems EXCEPT:

providing a calculator

Below is an excerpt from Journey's Present Level of Academic Achievement and Functional Performance (PLAAFP) statement on her Individualized Education Program (IEP). Journey is a seventh-grade student with a specific learning disability in the area of reading. Journey demonstrates strengths with auditory memory but experiences deficits in the area of processing speed. She attends general education classes in the inclusion setting with support from a special education teacher. Journey advocates for herself by asking for help when she does not understand. She benefits from the use of checks for understanding, repetition of directions, and positive support and feedback. Which of the following assessment accommodations may be most appropriate for Journey?

providing a human reader for assessments

A first-grade teacher receives a new student who has a diagnosis of autism. He is supported by special education services but spends most of his time in the general education classroom. His current reading level is unknown and he often loses interest in independent work, choosing to draw instead. He also frequently sits by himself at lunch and recess and does not participate in group activities. Which of the following would be an appropriate step for the general education teacher to improve the student's interactions with his classmates?

providing a lunch-time social skills group with the special education teacher

A fifth-grade teacher has a student who is colorblind. The teacher is developing a math test that involves pie charts. Last year's version of the test involved colored sections of the pie, but the teacher edits the graphic so that the pie charts are in black and white with patterns to represent each section. What is the teacher doing by replacing colors with patterns?

providing an accommodation

A second-grade student has limited use of his fingers and struggles to grasp a pencil for long amounts of time. Which of the following accommodations would be most appropriate for the student?

providing an adaptive pencil with a pencil grip

A first-grade teacher receives a new student who has a diagnosis of autism. He is supported by special education services but spends most of his time in the general education classroom. His current reading level is unknown and he often loses interest in independent work, choosing to draw instead. He also frequently sits by himself at lunch and recess and does not participate in group activities. Which classroom accommodations would be most appropriate to assist this student?

providing an incentive system for completing independent work

Which of the following is an appropriate accommodation for a student with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) who has poor organizational skills?

providing checklists for task completion

Jacob is a second-grade student with a mild intellectual disability. He is able to meet most grade-level standards when the appropriate accommodations are provided. Jacob is currently having difficulty adding two-digit numbers. Which of the following would be the most appropriate step to take to support Jacob?

providing in-class one-on-one instruction reviewing place value

Aryanna is a fourth-grade student with a learning disability. Recent assessment data shows that Aryanna is able to find the perimeter of rectangles but struggles to find the area. When asked to calculate area, she typically adds the length and width rather than multiplying. Which of the following interventions would best help Aryanna?

providing small-group instruction in which square tiles are used to cover the surface of a rectangle

Which of the following is the most appropriate use of assistive technology that a teacher can implement for a student with significant fine motor deficits?

providing speech to text software to record written responses

A special education teacher creates a task analysis for loading a dishwasher. This teacher is most likely:

providing transition curriculum to students with deficits in independent living skills.

Jackie is a high school student with severe anxiety. Her intelligence falls into the high average range, and she excels in language arts. Her anxiety has begun impacting her ability to complete assignments, as she fears that she has misunderstood directions. Which of these accommodations could help to ease her anxieties in the general classroom?

providing written and oral directions for assignments and checking for understanding of the directions

The case Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District (2017) influenced which of the following aspects of special education?

provision of FAPE

Which of the following scenarios could be most effectively be addressed by conducting a task analysis for a kindergarten student with Down syndrome?

purchasing lunch in the cafeteria and sitting at a table to eat with peers

Sasha is an eighth-grade student with an intellectual disability who learns in Mr. Abanza's resource room. During a creative writing unit, Sasha is struggling to understand the concept of narrative structure. She often says she cannot think of anything to write about and when she does write, her "stories'' are often one to two sentences long. For example, she may write "one day a girl got a pony. She loved the pony. The End." Which of the following interventions should Mr. Abanza try to help Sasha understand how to write a creative story?

reading a mentor text aloud and allowing her to use the story she heard as inspiration

Blake is a twelve-year-old student who has a specific learning disability. He tested on grade level in math but tested two grade levels below in writing and four grade levels below in reading. Blake also receives speech therapy to address articulation errors. What accommodation would be most appropriate for Blake when taking tests?

reading test questions aloud to Blake due to reading deficits

A first-grade student is asked to find the total value of the following coins: 3 dimes, 1 nickel, and 4 pennies. The student's response is that the coins are worth $0.12. Based on this response, what concept does this student likely need help with?

recognizing different coins and their respective values

A special education teacher has a student with a specific learning disability that has been showing regression in collected data when returning from school breaks over the holidays. The teacher is getting worried about summer vacation. The teacher can best advocate for her student by:

recommending that the student receive extended school year during the summer.

In order for a special education teacher to monitor IEP progress on reading goals on fluency and accuracy for a small group of fourth-grade students, which is the best assessment procedure?

record each student's accuracy and speed on a weekly graph

A special education teacher receives instructions from her principal on how to file a section of IEP paperwork. These instructions are contrary to guidelines given by the special education coordinator and the state education agency. The teacher should:

refuse to file the paperwork using the principal's instructions, citing the district and state policy.

Community Based Instruction (CBI)

reinforcement of academic and social skills in community settings such as the local grocery store Bagger at the store

Which of the following would be an appropriate use of group work in a middle-elementary special education math class?

reinforcing learning by having students solve problems independently and then explain their reasoning to their partner to check their work

Which of the following are characteristics commonly exhibited by students who have a speech/language impairment in the area of articulation?

reluctance to speak in whole group settings sound errors that are not developmentally appropriate

A second-grade teacher is planning a field trip to a museum for the entire grade. Some students in this grade have varying disabilities, including two students in wheel-chairs. Before scheduling the field trip, the teacher should:

request special transportation and ensure the museum is wheel-chair accessible.

A special education co-teacher is addressing multiplication skills with a group of fourth-grade students. Which of the following activities could be used to determine whether the students are ready to begin instruction on word problems involving multiplication?

responding to a sample real world prompt involving multiplication

A fourth-grade student receives services for an emotional disability due to a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder. His anxieties seem to be heightened when dealing with unexpected changes to his routine. Which of the following positive behavioral supports would be most appropriate for him?

reviewing a daily schedule with him and highlighting any events that are atypical

A special education teacher is working with a group of upper elementary students to help them with a lesson on adding and subtracting with decimals. Which of the following activities would be most helpful to teach this lesson to students with disabilities?

role-playing working in a store and making change for items using play money

A parent expresses concerns to a student's special education teacher that their child is not learning the reading content in his general education reading classroom. In this situation the special education teacher should:

schedule a meeting with the parent and general education teacher to outline a plan to support the student in the reading classroom.

While discussing a new short story about living in the Arctic with a student, a teacher discovers the student is struggling to comprehend the text even though she has previously been capable of comprehending other grade-level texts with little struggle. What is the student likely missing in order to be able to fully comprehend the text?

schema

Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) is outlined within the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) to ensure that:

school districts provided appropriate services to students with disabilities.

Following a school-wide dyslexia screening exam, a first-grade student is flagged for further evaluation. What information should the teacher review for further evidence?

scores on standardized reading curriculum and evaluations

An assessment that is common with young students to determine if further testing is needed is called a/an:

screening.

During her morning opening, Mrs. Martin sings a welcome song with the class. Mrs. Martin says, "Good Morning, Good Morning, Jill, how are you?" While she sings, she claps along with each word. The student she calls on is expected to reply, "Good morning, I'm (insert feeling), How are you (insert another student's name)," and clap for each word she speaks. Then the student Jill calls will repeat the reply, clapping along with his response. Clapping along with their speech helps students to practice:

segmenting sentences into words.

Epilepsy is characterized by:

seizures caused by imbalances in the brain.

Ms. Merriman teaches in a classroom for students who are participating in a functional academic curriculum. Her students have severe cognitive and physical disabilities. The school's occupational therapist visits the classroom weekly to provide individual and small group services. Which of the following skills may be addressed by the occupational therapist?

self-care skills such as using utensils to eat or fastening buttons or zippers on clothes

Which continuum of service model has students with disabilities receive all of their classroom instruction from special education teachers?

self-contained A self-contained classroom is where a special education teacher is responsible for the instruction of all academic subjects. The classroom is typically separated from general education classrooms but within a neighborhood school.

A student with a specific learning disability is receiving services in a part-time Exceptional Student Education (ESE) classroom. The student is struggling to make progress and is showing increased behavioral challenges. The IEP team is considering another placement that would be more appropriate for the student's current needs. Choose the next least restrictive placement.

self-contained ESE classroom at current school

A five-year-old student with autism has a significant aversion to washing his hands. During sessions with the school's occupational therapist, the student practices turning the water faucet on and off. Then he transitions to keeping his hands under the water for 1-5 seconds. Eventually, he is able to wash his hands for 30 seconds while using soap and water. What type of intervention is being implemented for the student?

sensory-integration therapy

A teacher displays the following paragraphs for her class, and they discuss the differences between the two paragraphs. . I like to eat breakfast tacos. My favorite foods are eggs and cheese. Almost all breakfast tacos have both of those foods inside of them. Sometimes I add salsa. I'm not always in the mood for it to be spicy. I like to eat breakfast tacos because my favorite foods are eggs and cheese. Almost all breakfast tacos have both of those foods inside of them. Sometimes I add salsa, but I'm not always in the mood for it to be spicy. Next, she displays a set of sentence frames that contain a variety of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. She asks her students to look back in their writer's notebooks to identify examples of each sentence type. Which of the following best describes the writing skill the teacher is supporting with this lesson?

sentence variety

Eduardo is a kindergarten student with a production-related communication disability. He often struggles to explain himself and is unable to retell stories. Which of the following would be the most appropriate intervention to help Eduardo improve his communication skills?

setting up a role-playing station with puppets and encouraging students to work together to retell the day's read-aloud book

Lisa is struggling to comprehend grade-level texts during independent reading and her oral reading is jerky and irregular. Mr. Harris wants to improve Lisa's reading comprehension. Which of the following instructional strategies should Mr. Harris focus on?

sight-word automaticity

Which of the following is not a criterion used to determine a child eligible as having an intellectual disability?

significant behavioral limitations

Which of the following characteristics are most likely to be seen in a child with an intellectual disability (not a specific learning disability)? Select all answers that apply.

significant deficits in adaptive skills IQ below 70

When a student has been identified as having an intellectual disability, they have deficits in two or more areas of adaptive skills and:

significantly low (below-average) intellectual functioning.

Which example below describes characteristics of a person with an intellectual disability?

significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning, with deficits in adaptive behavior

When helping students learn to identify and use slope-intercept form, all of the following strategies are appropriate except:

singing the quadratic formula to establish the y-intercept

A six-year-old student who is nonverbal has had an augmentative communication evaluation. This student recognizes letters and common pictures but does not yet read. Which of the following assistive options may be most appropriate?

single-meaning pictures

In a self-contained model, services to students with disabilities are provided in:

small group setting with students with disabilities.

The core qualities of life that should be considered when determining programming for students with severe disabilities are emotional, physical, material well-being, human rights, and:

social inclusion.

Maria is concerned that when she brings her 2-and-a-half-year-old daughter to the park she is often very rough with the other children, does not respect their boundaries, and often struggles to end her playtime outside. The behavior has gotten to be extreme and Maria needs help. Maria talks with her local early intervention coordinator who suggests that they refer her daughter for evaluation. The coordinator suggests that they place extra focus on what area of development?

social-emotional development

Identify the correct sequence of prerequisite skills required for solving AND graphing the problem: y \geq -x^{2}+9y≥−x2+9.

solving quadratic equations, graphing quadratic equations, graphing inequalities on the coordinate axes

A first-grade student is working on the problem 11 + 9. His teacher observes him as he draws 11 circles, then 9 more circles, and then counts the total. As he is counting, he counts one of the circles twice and gets an answer of 21. His teacher encourages him to try another strategy to check his work. Which of the following is a reasonable method that the student should choose?

solving the problem using a number line

A teacher is planning a formative assessment to determine how well his students can differentiate between the concepts of area and volume. Which of the following formative assessments would be the most appropriate for this topic?

sorting drawings of shapes into area and volume categories

A severe hearing impairment is most likely to primarily affect a child's development in which of the following ways?

speech errors related to pronunciation or voice

Nathaniel is a student in third grade who struggles with spelling. When he tells a story, his ideas are complete and his intention is clear; however, when he writes the story it is difficult for his teacher to read the story and understand what Nathaniel is attempting to convey because of his spelling errors. For example, he spells fish as "fiss" and hush as "huss." When the teacher listens to him speak, he notices Nathaniel pronounces fish as "fiss" and hush as "huss." Which of the following support services will likely benefit Nathaniel?

speech therapy

Which assistive technology would help a student with a specific learning disability in the area of writing?

speech-to-text software

A seventh-grade student has spinal muscular atrophy and uses a wheelchair. He attends inclusion classes and receives related services for occupational therapy and physical therapy due to motor skill deficits. The student is struggling to complete writing assignments due to limited mobility of his hands and fingers. To allow the student to complete writing assignments, his teacher should consider:

speech-to-text software.

The Woodcock-Johnson IV Test of Cognitive Abilities may be administered as part of a multi-disciplinary process for consideration of all of the following disabilities except:

speech/language impairment.

Clara is a student with special needs who spends approximately 75% of her day in a resource room with a special education teacher and 25% of her day in a general education classroom. The general education teacher comes to the special education teacher with questions about how to help Clara succeed. Which of the following topics would be the most beneficial for the two teachers to discuss?

strategies and accommodations that the special education teacher uses with Clara

Brandi, a seventh-grade student with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has violated the district code of student conduct, and the campus discipline matrix stipulates that she will be placed in the district's disciplinary alternative education program for a minimum of 30 days. Since this placement would take Brandi out of the general education setting for more than 10 consecutive days, the admission, review, and dismissal (ARD) committee must hold a manifestation determination review (MDR). The purpose of an MDR is to prevent:

students from being punished for behaviors that are a direct result of their disability.

When thinking about Extended School Year (ESY) or summer school for a student with severe learning disabilities, the IEP committee must consider which of the following?

substantial regression proven with data evidence

A ninth-grade student with a specific learning disability in reading is frequently unable to complete his assigned work in the general education classroom. His general education teacher states that the student has not turned in multiple assignments. He completes all of his reading assignments efficiently in his special education reading small group. At the upcoming IEP meeting, the special education teacher should:

suggest adding in-class support for the student during reading.

Mrs. Price has just completed a two-week instructional unit. She gives the students a unit test over this material. The test consists of multiple choice, short answer, and true/false questions. Which of the following types of assessments is Mrs. Price using?

summative

Maxwell is a fifth-grade student with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). During his annual IEP meeting, the special education teacher shares the results of Maxwell's most recent unit tests in the four core subjects. This data falls under which type of assessment?

summative assessment

A second-grade teacher wants to improve his student's reading fluency. Which activity would be an effective way to achieve this goal?

supervised oral reading

A first grade student is continuing to struggle with blending onsets and rimes. Most of the class has grasped this skill and is ready to move on. The teacher recognizes the need to back up and review a previous skill with the student before continuing with instruction on blending onsets and rimes. Which of the following would be the most reasonable skill for her to back up and review with the student?

syllable awareness

When a teacher breaks down a life skill task, such as brushing your teeth, into small chunks, the teacher is approaching the lesson with:

task analysis.

Differentiation

teaching that offers multiple options for learning the material based on different student needs and learning styles

Having two teachers plan, instruct, and assess a class of students with and without disabilities is an example of

team teaching

Ben's inclusion social studies class is studying the Industrial Revolution. Students are reading a chapter in an electronic textbook and reviewing electronic versions of magazine and newspaper advertisements from the time period. Ben has cerebral palsy and often experiences pain from eye strain. Which of the following types of assistive technology would be most beneficial for this activity?

text-to-speech software

Receptive Language

the ability to understand meaning from language

A student in fifth grade attends a life skills class, is preverbal, has dysphagia, has multiple orthopedic impairments, uses a wheelchair, and she also uses a communication board. What is a potential bias that educators must be aware of when working with this student?

the assumption that the student does not understand the communication around her

Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)

the classroom or setting where the child can be successful, with or without accommodations, and with typical age/grade level peers General Ed Classroom

A kindergarten teacher incorporates the use of Big Books into the daily lesson, pointing to each word as she reads. Which of the following would this activity best reinforce?

the concept that oral language is represented by text

Miss Jenkins is a paraprofessional at Spring Oaks Elementary, and part of her daily schedule includes helping with cafeteria duty. She approaches the special education teacher to discuss the lunchroom behavior of Juma, a special education student who is new. Miss Jenkins is bothered that Juma never uses a fork and only eats with her hands, even when having messy foods such as spaghetti and sauce. When considering this behavior, the adults should be aware of:

the culture that Juma is from and if they eat with their hands instead of utensils.

Which of the following was NOT part of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)?

the establishment of mandated state testing for special education students

When proposing an evaluation for initial eligibility, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act requires that:

the evaluation is administered by qualified professionals

Constructivism is based on the following tenet(s):

the idea that children actively construct their own learning

A prekindergarten teacher is finalizing his daily language arts routine. The teacher plans to start with circle time, where the class will read a big book together. After reading and answering some basic comprehension questions, the class will discuss the title of the book, pointing out what letters the words in the title start with, what those sounds are, and other words that start with that same sound. The teacher picks one word from the title, suggests one rhyme and asks the class to volunteer any more rhymes they can come up with. Next, the class will move on to either a whole group lesson or individual or small groups to work on a previously taught skill. By structuring lessons this way, the teacher shows that he understands:

the importance of dedicated, intentional instruction in phonological awareness.

A special education teacher is struggling with the classroom behavior of one of her students who is identified as having an emotional disturbance (ED). She feels she needs advice but would need to share specific identifying details about the student and his IEP to best convey the situation. Who would it be most appropriate for her to seek advice from?

the in-school social worker that works with the student and attends all of the IEP meetings

A middle-school student with a mild intellectual disability and hearing impairment spends her language arts and math blocks in a special education setting and is in the general education classroom for science and social studies. Which of the following aspects of her IEP would be most important for the special education teacher to review with the general education teachers prior to the start of classes at the beginning of the year?

the list of classroom accommodations and modifications

A teacher has decided to use the psychoeducational model to help a student develop new behavior management skills. A benefit to using this model is that:

the model brings new insights to the student about their behavior.

Percentile Rank

the percentage of scores in its frequency distribution that are equal to or lower than it. a test score that is greater than 55% of the scores of people taking the test is at the 55th percentile, where 55 is the percentile rank. In a non-skewed, normal distribution (shown below) most students are around the 50th percentile.

A sixth-grade math teacher is delivering a geometry lesson using the visual aid of a rectangle bisected by a diagonal line spanning from one corner to the other. Two of the rectangle's side lengths are labeled, and the corresponding triangle formed by the diagonal line is shaded a darker color than the rest of the shape. What concept is the teacher most likely illustrating?

the process for finding the area of a right triangle

When helping a general education teacher plan instruction for a student with a specific learning disability, the first thing the special education teacher is likely to share is:

the relevant sections of the student's present levels of academic achievement and functional performance (PLAAFP) in the IEP.

A child with severe autism is determined by the Admission, Review, and Dismissal (ARD) committee to require a one-to-one aid, but the school district insists they cannot afford to hire someone for this role. As a result, the student does not make significant progress toward their IEP goals. The parents then sue the school on the grounds that:

the school is failing to provide Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) for their child.

The Local Education Agency (LEA) is required to conduct a Review of Existing Evaluation Data (REED) for all of the following reasons except:

the student is experiencing fewer behavior issues in class

A middle school language arts teacher has received notification a new special education student has transferred to the school and will be joining her class. As the teacher prepares lesson plans for the upcoming week, which of the following is the most important resource for the teacher to use when planning for the new student's learning goals in language arts?

the student's IEP

Which of the following would NOT be considered when determining whether a student is a fluent reader?

the student's ability to infer unfamiliar word meanings

Regarding FERPA and the purpose of student records, personal identifiable information refers to all of the following except:

the student's interests and hobbies.

Behaviorism is a theoretical approach that includes:

the study of stimulus-response actions.

A teacher has her students draw a quadrilateral and label the interior of each angle with the numbers from 1 to 4, as shown. Then, she has the students tear the angles carefully from each corner of the quadrilateral, making sure to keep the number of the angle clearly visible in the interior of each angle. Next, she has the students arrange the angles so that the vertices are next to each other (angle 1 adjacent to angle 2, angle 2 adjacent to angle 3, and angle 3 adjacent to angle 4). One student's work is shown below. This activity could be used to help develop students' understanding of which of the following properties of quadrilaterals?

the sum of the measures of the interior angles

Daniel is a student in eleventh grade who qualifies for special education with an emotional disturbance. Daniel has bipolar disorder and can become violent in class. What kind of warning sign(s) could Daniel display before he becomes violent?

threatening words or gestures

Students are reading a nonfiction article about the events leading up to WWII. Which of the following graphic organizers would most likely help them comprehend the article?

timeline

Why is formative assessment important to students' academic achievement?

to assess students' academic progress and plan lessons accordingly

Which of the following is the most beneficial reason for a sixth-grade teacher to show her students various video clips, TV ads, posters, magazine ads, etc.?

to demonstrate some of the functions/purposes of media such as persuasion, information, entertainment, and education

At the beginning of the year, during open house, a preschool teacher always welcomes her class by reading aloud one of her favorite books. She holds the book up for everyone to see the words and pictures, and she uses her finger to move along the text as she reads. She then encourages parents to also track their progress through books at home by tracing the line of text as they read. Which of the following is the teacher's reason for this suggestion?

to help students develop an understanding of print orientation

What is the purpose of an achievement assessment?

to measure academic ability

Even though her students cannot yet read, a preschool teacher labels each of their backpack hooks with their names, labels commonly used items around the room, and has an assortment of books available for them to access independently. Which of the following best explains why this teacher has prioritized making her classroom a print rich environment?

to support and encourage student understanding of the forms and functions of printed language

Assessment

tools used to evaluate student growth and determine whether educational goals are being met

The parents of a four-year-old student report to the teacher that their child had a busy weekend attending a family birthday party with a bounce house and has had trouble sleeping. The teacher notices the child has slurred speech — when he did not before — and stares into space at different moments of the day. It is possible that the child experienced a:

traumatic brain injury.

The IEP committee determines that a student needs access to the assistive technology in order to receive Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE). The Local Education Agency (LEA) must allow the student access to campus assistive technology devices at home and in other instructional settings. This statement is:

true for all students with disabilities.

All of the following should be done for someone having a seizure except:

try to reduce movement by gently holding the person down.

Which of the following is the most appropriate way for a second-grade teacher to ensure that a student who uses a hearing aid will be able to participate in class discussions?

turn toward the student when speaking and use an amplification system

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

type of behavioral disorder characterized by an individual's ucooperative, hostile, and/or defiant responses to peers, parents, teachers, and other authority figures

According to the guidelines, the IEP committee must address all of the following when planning for students with autism except:

typical grade-level peers

A first-grade teacher takes three small square tiles and sits across from one of her students. She says, "I'm going to say a word and then its sounds: mat ... /m/ ... /a/ ... /t/." Then she passes the tiles across the desk to the student and says, "Can you think of another one-syllable word with three sounds?" This activity furthers the student's reading abilities by helping them:

understand that words are made up of separate sounds.

Which of the following skills would be an appropriate part of a goal in an individualized education plan for a third-grade student with autism?

understanding facial expressions

A preschool-aged child scribbles on a piece of paper and calls it her grocery list. On the back, she draws a picture of her and her mom in the grocery store. At the store, she pretends to read food items off the side containing the scribbles, asking her mom to buy various items. This behavior suggests that the child:

understands that text functions differently than pictures.

A student with fine motor coordination and writing difficulties who receives in class support with the occupational therapist would benefit from what accommodation?

use of adaptive writing utensils

A third-grade student with an intellectual disability struggles with written directions but responds well to auditory learning activities. Which of the following strategies can be used to support the student's learning style?

use songs to teach key facts

Elizabeth is a student with a specific learning disability in the area of math. She is learning the order of operations but is having difficulty solving math problems in the appropriate order. Which of the following self-monitoring strategies would be most beneficial for Elizabeth?

using a checklist

Which of the following supplementary aides will best assist a student with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who has demonstrated deficits in executive functioning skills and is working to improve those skills?

using checklists to break lengthy assignments into smaller chunks

Which of the following is the best strategy for introducing the concept of addition to a kindergarten student with a learning disability?

using concrete manipulatives, such as two colors of unifix cubes, to demonstrate the process of adding two numbers

Multiple times a year a third-grade teacher administers a formal assessment of her students' oral reading fluency. While assessing a student's reading, she notices that the child performs well on the portion of the test that asks the student to read a paragraph, but struggles when reading many of the same words in list form. Which of the following would best describe a strength of this student?

using context clues to determine a word

A high school resource teacher is teaching her math class learning about equivalent fractions. She has taught about fractions at the front of the room and students have tried working problems at their desk. Some of them are continuing to struggle. What other activity can she engage her students in to ensure all learning styles have been addressed?

using fraction tiles to identify equivalent fractions

A first-grade teacher would like to improve her students' ability to track print when it appears on consecutive lines in a book. Several students in the class have a good understanding of the alphabet, corresponding letter sounds, and simple decoding, but they struggle to understand longer lines of text. Which of the following strategies could she use as she models reading a short paragraph containing simple vocabulary in front of the class?

using her finger to touch each word while reading slowly from left to right on the page

Jen, a seventh-grade language arts teacher, and Zach, a special education teacher, are working together to co-teach for the first time this year. Each of the following are activities that Jen typically includes in her practice to gauge student comprehension. Which assessment method should Zach encourage her to move away from as it would not be equitable for students with disabilities?

using reading logs that require brief written summaries as a weekly grade to measure progress toward the standard: "range of reading and level of text complexity"

Which of the following best describes the degree to which an assessment accurately measures what it intends to measure?

validity

Which of the following standards would a third-grader most need to master before learning ordinality of large numbers?

value of a digit

Social Goals

verbal and nonverbal communication skill development and social interactions and appropriate verbal and nonverbal responses in social settings Practicing potential customer encounters for a grocery store

Ms. Aguilar is planning a unit on graphing rational functions. Which of the following topics should Ms. Aguilar review before presenting the problem below? f(x)=x−3x−2​

vertical asymptotes

A special education teacher is working with the language arts teacher to promote her students' understanding of media literacy and advertising techniques. What activity would be most appropriate to use to achieve this learning objective?

viewing commercials and having discussions about the advertising techniques used

Which of the following is a major disability category that is recommended under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)?

vision impairment

A student who uses screen magnification software most likely has a primary classification of:

vision impairment.

A teacher notices a new student in her class has difficulty copying notes, is regularly squinting at the board, and asks students around her to read information posted in the classroom. This student is most likely dealing with which of the following areas of exceptionality?

visual impairment

Mateo uses a screen reader to complete his assignment during his social studies class. Which of the following disabilities might Mateo be diagnosed with?

visual impairment

Executive function includes all except:

visual perception.

Jaden is a 16-year-old student who uses a walker. Jaden's reading and math skills are on grade level, but his penmanship skills are far below grade level. Jaden works with an occupational therapist to improve typing speed and handwriting legibility. Which of the following assistive technology devices may be most beneficial for Jaden when working in a small group to complete an activity on the computer?

voice recognition software

In general, which of the following should NOT be considered when planning math instruction for a student with learning disabilities?

ways to incorporate extra credit opportunities to help the student pass the class

The summary information below contains details about Finley and her present levels of academic achievement and functional performance (PLAAFP). Finley is a tenth-grade student with an intellectual disability and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Finley participates in a functional life skills classroom with a certified nursing assistant (CNA). Finley's CNA is on staff to assist with feeding, toileting, and monitoring for seizures. Finley participates in art and music classes with general education peers when accompanied by the CNA. Finley has limited mobility due to a traumatic brain injury during infancy and uses a wheelchair which is operated by her CNA while at school. Finley uses a switch attached to her wheelchair due to limited head and limb movement. Her teachers prompt her to respond to simple questions using the switch. Finley's teachers were unable to progress beyond baseline questions when assessing her functional academic skills during her most recent re-evaluation. Her cognitive ability is estimated to be between 13 and 18 months of age. Finley participates in classroom activities by operating the switch and using eye gaze to show interest. She smiles and laughs to show pleasure. Finley's level of functioning would best be described using which category?

profound intellectual disability

Executive Function

the cognitive abilities to control one's thoughts, emotions, and actions - this includes working memory, inhibitory control and flexible thinking Executive function is responsible for many skills, including paying attention, organizing, planning and prioritizing.

Articulation

the formation of clear and distinct sounds in speech using the teeth and tongue speaking

Conduct Disorder (CD)

type of behavioral disorder in which a child exhibits antisocial behavior, either by disregarding social norms when interacting with others or refusing to engage socially with peers or adults

Braille

type of printing using raised dots to represent letters, allowing students with severe visual impairment to read by touch