(Textiles) Chapter 3 Textile Fibers and their Properties

Def. flexability

ability to bend repeatedly without breaking

Def. heat retention

ability to hold onto heat

You can control natural fiber's cross section. true or false

false, cross section cannot be controlled

Def. Staple Fibers

short fibers measured in inches

Def. Manufactured or synthetic

(Synthetic)made into fibers from chemical composition or man made manufactured come from natural sources like wool

What is another word for longitudinal configuration?

CRIMP

Def. elasticity

ability to recover from stretch

protein

wool and silk

What items are made out of staple fibers?

wool vest or sweater, cotton scarf

Abrasion resistance, or the ability to withstand friction or rubbing from regular use, affects which component of serviceability?

Durability

____ fibers are considered to be high quality

Fine fibers!

Def. Natural

Grow in fiber form,come from plant or animal sources

Why would filament fibers be cut into short, staple fibers?

In order to resemble natural fibers

What are the 2 fiber sources

Natural and manufactured (synthetic)

Smoother surface contour reflects light. True or False

True

Surface contour is also known as?

Texture

How would you describe the longitudinal configuration of wool fibers?

Wavy

Def. comfort

ability to keep the wearer in a neutral or comfortable state

Def. durability

ability to maintain its intended or original look, will not fall apart

Def. maintenance

ability to remain in original state; no fading, stretching, or shrinking

Def. dimensional stability

ability to retain original size and shape, ability to maintain size

Def. resiliency

ability to return to original shape after twisting and crushing, ability to resist wrinkle; ex. smooth, wool has good resiliency

Def. elongation

ability to stretch without breaking

Def. absorbency

ability to take up moisture from the body or environment

Def. wicking

ability to transfer moisture across surface; the result is cooler, dries faster, and comfortable

Def. abrasion resistance

ability to withstand rubbing from regular use

Def. hydroscopic

absorb moisture without feeling wet; proteins or wool primarily

Def. hydrophilic

absorb moisture; love water, absorb, comfortable

What does surface contour affect?

affects luster,texture, noticeable soiling (how obvious you can see stains with a bright light)

Def. luster

amount of light reflected by a surface (shiny, dull, matte, sheen)

What dies the fiber Molecular Arrangement do

arrangement of molecules can change the fiber's performance

Fiber Chemical Composition are grouped by...

chemical makeup

Def. cellulosic

come from plants

synthetic

composed in a variety of chemicals, are hydrophobic, or mineral (glass)

Def. oleophilic

describes fibers with a strong attraction for oil

Def. flammability

describes how a fabric reacts to ignition sources

Fine fibers are thin so they...

drape

Def. Cross section

fiber shape, affects luster, body or space, texture, and hand

Man made fibers start at _______ fibers then they turn into or cut into _____ fibers to blend with others

filament; staple

The ability to bend repeatedly and not break is referred to as:

flexability

Def. pilling

formation of tangled balls of fiber on fabric surface;results from from abrasion. ex. cotton

Staple fiber fabrics tend to

fuzzy, soft, and comfortable bc there are a lot of fiber ends

What is cost affected by

how a fiber is produced, the number of processes or manufacturing steps the fiber/fabric goes through.

What does crimp do?

increases comfort, cohesiveness, resistance to abrasion, resiliency (wrinkle recovery), stretch,, bulk, warmth, absorbency. THINK WOOL

What determines fiber physical structure (5)

length, diameter, cross-section, surface contour,crimp, and fiber parts

Def. hydrophobic

little to no absorbency

Def. Filament fibers

long continuous fiber strands measured in yards

What decreases crimp?

luster b/c uneven directs light. ex. wool is highly crimped or wavy

A fiber's cross section affects various fiber properties. Which of the following properties is affected by cross section?

luster, bulk and insulative value. NOT DURABILITY

What items are made out of filament fibers?

nylon jacket, silk blazer, nylon handbag

What does diameter affect?

performance and hand (how fabric feels in the hands)

Fiber Performance properties determined by (3)

physical structure, chemical composition , and molecular arrangement

All natural fibers grow in staple form except

silk

Filament fibers tend to be

smooth, or textured, smooth, lustrous, and cool. nOT FUZZY!

Words you can describe surface contour

smooth, rough, striated

Words to describe crimp?

straight/linear or no crimp, wavy

Def. tenacity

strength, ability to resist stress like pulling or tearing

Def. cover

the ability of a fiber to protect or conceal

Def. heat conductivity

the ability to transfer heat through fabric

Def. Texture

the nature of the fabric surface, both visual and tactile senses

Def. Surface contour

the outer surface of the fiber along length

Def. Longitudinal Configuration

the wave formation of a fiber; or crimp

Def. Drape

the way a fabric falls ex. chiffon is very drapeable

Def. Hand

the way a fabric feels to the skin; related to emotional sensations like luxurious; how it makes you feel

Coarse fibers are...

thick; tend to feel rough, crisp, stiff, and resist crushing (thick)

Def. Diameter

thickness or thinness of a fiber

Fine fibers are...

thin; tend to feel soft , drapeable (hold and hangs), lightweight, and flexible

How can you control the cross section of manufactured fibers?

through the spinneret, with the shape of spinneret and the spinning method

You can control the cross section of others to affect performance properties. true or false

true

Crimped fibers will increase in:

warmth, stretch , cohesiveness,and resiliency