the art of public speaking chapter 8 Part 2, public speaking chapter 8

True or false: Listeners do not generally care whether or not a speaker provides the source of his or her statistics.

False

In your speech, you discuss the health problems of obese children. Which of the following sources would be the most credible and reliable source of testimony?

U.S. Centers for Disease Control

What is one of the best ways for a speaker to explain a technical process or term to an audience?

Use an example

Which of the following are ways to enhance your delivery of extended examples during a speech?

Vary the speed at which you speak Use eye contact Vary your voice volume

Some statistics are better understood when the audience can actually see them, such as in a graph. What are these types of support materials called?

Visual aids

When you use examples in your speeches, they should be which of the following?

Vivid Richly textured

True or false: It is generally better to use statistics from a company or an organization that has a vested interest in the figures.

False

Ivan is giving a speech about global warming. He explains that an iceberg measuring about 2,200 square miles has recently gone adrift. He mentions that the iceberg is the size of Delaware and holds twice as much water used in the United States each year. Which of the following did Ivan do correctly in this example?

He explained the statistics in a way that would be meaningful to the audience. He provided a visual for large statistics.

Darrell Huff, author of How to Lie with Statistics, attempted to question the long-held belief that numbers

do not lie.

Among the tips for using statistics are to

use numbers sparingly. round off numbers. name the source of statistics.

Which of the following should you do to make sure your statistics are representative?

- Different groups of a population sample must be in the correct proportion. - The sample size must be large enough.

What is the mean of the group of numbers: 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 12, 27?

11

Because numbers can be interpreted in many ways, what should a speaker avoid when including numbers in a speech?

Biased sources

Which of the following might be found on a list about how to best use testimony in a speech?

Do I use testimony from unbiased sources? Do I identify the sources of all testimony? Do I give credit to the original source of all quotes?

Daniel is presenting his speech to his classmates. He uses examples, testimony, and statistics to support his ideas. He does not explain his sources during the speech, but he does show his bibliography on a PowerPoint slide at the end of the speech. What common error has Daniel made in his speech?

He failed to cite his sources orally.

Which type of example always describes an imaginary, nonfactual, situation?

Hypothetical

What is one way to lend credibility to a speech?

Mentioning the sources of statistics

Darnell feels confident that his speech on the benefits of plastic shopping bags will be persuasive because of the testimony he will provide. This testimony comes from two expert witnesses: one who is the president of a successful plastics manufacturing company and one who is a research scientist conducting studies funded by the plastics industry. Should Darnell feel confident that his speech will be convincing?

No, because his testimony is likely to be biased by sources whose work depends on the plastics industry.

When should you use statistics in a speech?

Only when needed

Pedro give the following example in his speech about unemployment: One older guy lost his job and was unemployed for the rest of his life. What could Pedro have done to make more of an impact on his audience?

Pedro could have used a more vivid, detailed example.

During his speech on gun violence, John is presenting statistics on gun violence in major metropolitan areas. What could John do next to make sure his audience understands the impact of these facts and figures? Multiple choice question.

Provide an example about a person affected by gun violence that represents a typical situation

Which of the following should you provide about the source of the testimony presented in a speech?

Qualifications of the person or organization Name of the person or organization

Examples that make the most impact on an audience are usually which of the following?

Richly textured Specific Vivid

In discussing the elections for governor in his state, Jeremy explained that a runoff had been scheduled because, according to the election commission, Rivera had won 45.42% of the vote, Li had won 30.23% of the vote, and Johnson had won 23.87% of the vote, with the remainder of the vote undecided. Which of the following is a tip in using statistics that Jeremy failed to follow?

Round off numbers.

Examples that make the most impact on an audience are usually which of the following?

Specific Richly textured Vivid

In a birthday toast to her husband, Sandra said, "Physical fitness expert Bonnie Prudden once said, 'You can't turn back the clock. But you can wind it up again.' So here's to many more years of winding!" Which of the following are reasons why Sandra used a direct quotation?

The quotation is brief and conveys what Sandra wants to say better than she can. The direct quotation is witty and compelling.

What is the main reason to use statistics in a speech?

To give your ideas numerical precision

What are the key points to keep in mind when using testimony in a speech?

Use qualified sources Paraphrase accurately Quote accurately Use unbiased sources

Which of the following are guidelines for the effective use of statistics?

Use visual aids to clarify statistical trends. Explain any statistics that are used. Use statistics sparingly.

"About 1.4 million shelter dogs are adopted each year" is an example of

a statistic.

When you are presenting your speech to an audience and are using testimony, statistics, or examples, it is important to remember to

cite your sources orally.

In your speech you decide to use a vivid and detailed narrative about a camping trip you took last year to illustrate one of your points about camping. This type of supporting material is called a(n) ______ example.

extended

Certain types of examples can personalize your ideas by adding ______ interest to them.

human

narrative.

is a story. In this case, your friend is not relating a story but making a recommendation based on her experience.

median

is the middle figure in a group once the figures are put in order from highest to lowest

One of the most important steps when using statistics in a speech is to make sure that the numbers are

meaningful

According to 19th-century physicist Lord Kelvin, when a person can measure and express what they are speaking about in ______, they have proved that they know something about the topic.

numbers

Rick explained, "Sue said that turning the faucet clockwise three times will stop the dripping." Carmen added, "Sue said, 'These rotations always fix the problem.'" If both Rick and Carmen were reporting accurately, then Rick ______ Sue, and Carmen ______ Sue.

paraphrased; quoted

What is the best way to present a series of statistics during a speech?

simple graph

When giving an extended example, you should imagine that you are a(n)

storyteller.

Quotations or paraphrases from trusted sources that are used to support a point are known as

testimony.

When using costs or other monetary measures from different years as a statistic in a speech, it is important to consider the ____________of the dollar in terms of inflation.

value

A strong example in a speech achieves which of the following?

-Makes the speech topic more personal and relevant to the audience -Creates a visual image for the audience -Provides vivid details

What is the number 421,113,603,533 when rounded?

421 billion

What is the number 421,113,603,533 when rounded? .

421 billion

Examples used in speeches are used for which of the following purposes?

Clarify an idea Personalize an idea Reinforce an idea

Which of the following questions may be on a list about effectively using statistics in a speech?

Do I relate the statistics to the audience? Do I use statistics to quantify ideas? Are my numbers from reliable sources?

Which of the following questions may be on a list about effectively using statistics in a speech?

Do I use statistics to quantify ideas? Do I relate the statistics to the audience? Are my numbers from reliable sources?

True or false: Examples in a speech help explain how many people are affected by the issue being discussed.

False

Which of the following statements about expert testimony are true?

It lends credibility to your speeches. It is especially important to use when your speech is on a controversial topic.

Which of the following would be considered an unbiased source for a speech on gun control?

New York Times

If you quoted your sister about her experience at summer camp, you are using what type of testimony?

Peer testimony

A vivid example can be very effective in reinforcing an idea in your speech, but for such a purpose you should be especially certain that it is a(n) ______ example and not an exceptional case.

Representative

What is the best way to present a series of statistics during a speech?

Simple graph

Which of the following are basic kinds of supporting materials for a speech?

Statistics Testimony Examples

When using statistics in a speech, a speaker should ensure which of the following?

That the statistics are representative of what they claim to measure

which of the following should you typically include in your oral citations?

The type of document, the author, the date published, and the author's qualifications

Hypotheticals

These are suggested scenarios or possible situations.

statistics

This is numerical information.

Patty is preparing a speech on tourism in island countries in the Caribbean. She suspects there might be a relationship between visitor totals to particular island countries and outbreaks of disease. Keeping in mind the importance of obtaining statistics from a reliable source, from which of the following should Patty first seek the data on disease rates for specific Caribbean island countries?

World Health Organization

A speaker should be wary of testimony from self-interested, or ______, sources.

biased

In his speech, Joe says, "George Washington Carver, Lonnie G. Johnson, Percy Julian." By reciting a list like this that relates to his topic, Joe is using

brief example

Examples put abstract ideas into ______ terms that listeners can easily understand.

concrete

Statistics can be easily

distorted or manipulated

A real-life case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like is called a(n)

example.

In addition to quoting or paraphrasing text accurately from supporting material, it is important both for ethical reasons and for credibility to

identify your sources aloud in a speech.

What are three other names for extended examples?

illustrations , narratives, and Anecdotes

mode

is the number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers.

Quotations or paraphrases from trusted sources that are used to support a point are

known as testimony

In statistics, the ______ is the number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers.

mode

The mean, the median,___________ and the are basic statistical measures that determine characteristics of a given group of numbers.

mode

when a person can measure and express what they are speaking about in ______, they have proved that they know something about the topic. examples

numbers

Samantha explained her grandmother's trick for grilling hamburgers by saying, "To yield the juiciest burgers, my grandmother told me she would make a small impression on the top of the burger, then she would place a small ice cube in that indentation while the burger grills." Samantha was ______ her grandmother.

paraphrasing

If you were giving a speech about a Japanese tsunami, and you quoted a local survivor on the hardships endured, you would be using ______ testimony.

peer

mean

popularly called the average—is determined by summing all the items in a group and dividing by the number of items.

Among the tips for using statistics are to

round off numbers. name the source of statistics. use numbers sparingly.

A politician refers to a proposed new program as a "potentially tremendous disaster." The program's supporters quote the politician as saying it is "potentially tremendous." The supporters are

quoting out of context.

Brief examples are also called

specific instances

You are giving a speech about school violence, and you briefly mention Columbine, Virginia Tech, and the Amish school shootings in a sentence. You are using

specific instances.

When giving a speech about homelessness, Trina describes Jules, the youngest child of a family of four, all of whom have been living on the streets for six months. She talks about how Jules has never had a bedtime story read to him or a warm breakfast to wake up to. Trina is using this example to ______ the ideas in her speech.

support personalize

What does a richly textured example supply that helps pull listeners into a speech?

Everyday details

What are the two major kinds of testimony?

Expert and peer

Which of the following are benefits of using peer testimony in a speech?

It has an emotional impact. It provides authenticity.

Harry is giving a speech in class on endangered species. He has conducted a significant amount of research and includes some of the data he found in his speech. How else could Harry lend credibility to the information he is reporting?

Include quotations from experts on endangered species

is the term for using another person's ideas or words without giving credit to that person.

Plagiarism or Plagiarizing

Tansie was preparing a speech about the value of final exams for high school seniors. To gather some statistics, she asked 10 of her girlfriends in the junior class for their opinion. Six were against final exams, and four supported them. Why are Tansie's statistics not usable?

She only spoke with girls, which is not representative of the student body. She only spoke with juniors, which is not representative of the student body. She only asked 10 people, which is not a large enough sample.

Alana wanted to speak about climate conditions that might favor tornado formation in the United States. For testimony she used a document by researchers Schaefer and Marzban on the NOAA website, and she said, "Schaefer and Tatom (1998) looked at the mean Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the strip 5 deg. N to 5 deg. S and 180 deg. W to 150 deg. W and wrote, 'A Kruskal-Wallis H test was then used to see if any difference in different tornado measures exists between El Niño, La Niña and neutral years. Also the entire contiguous U.S. and three sub-areas were considered. All six of these combinations failed to have significance at the 99 percent level. One could not state with confidence that El Niño/La Niña had any effect on tornado or strong tornado activity.'" Why should she have paraphrased instead of using a direct quotation?

The quotation is longer than two or three sentences. The wording of the quotation is cumbersome and contains technical terms.

Which of the following statements about using concrete examples in a speech are true?

They Can make Ideas More Personal They have.a strong impact in listeners beliefs and actions

What makes quoting out of context so dangerous?

You can twist someone's remarks to prove something completely different from what was intended.

It can be especially helpful to use statistics in a speech when you are attempting to convince your audience of the existence of

a problem.

A hypothetical example is an example that describes

an imaginary or fictitious situation.

testimony

an influence from someone else

An expressive delivery is especially important when using ______ examples in a speech.

extended

Illustrations, or narratives, are a type of supporting material referred to as

extended examples.

When you paraphrase someone to provide testimony in a speech, you

give the gist of someone else's statement in your own words.

Research has shown that the impact of examples is (increased/decreased) when they are combined with statistics that show the examples to be typical.

increased

A speaker can give his or her ideas greater impact by ______ the opinions of people who have special experience or knowledge about the topic being discussed.

paraphrasing quoting

When using costs or other monetary measures from different years as a statistic in a speech, it is important to consider the of the dollar in terms of inflation.

value

Which of the following terms is used to describe quotations or paraphrases from an authority in a given field?

Expert testimony

When using testimony, it is best to make certain that the source

is qualified on the subject at hand and unbiased

When using testimony, it is best to make certain that the source

is qualified on the subject at hand. is unbiased.

Numbers, especially large numbers, can be hard for listeners to

visualize.

Josh was preparing a speech about home real estate and wanted to give an idea how home prices had fallen in all seven recognized neighborhoods in his city. He found that the rounded percentage decreases were 3, 3, 5, 6, 7, 7, and 19. Why would using the mean, or average, decrease be misleading?

The last value would skew the result.

Darrell Huff, author of How to Lie with Statistics, attempted to question the long-held belief that numbers

don't lie

You have decided to take up running. You have a friend who has been running and coaching a long time. She tells you to go to a specialty store and look for lightweight, flexible running shoes rather than buying cheap shoes online, so you do. You were influenced by her

testimony.

One of the most important steps when using statistics in a speech is to make sure that the numbers are

meaningful.