The Cell Cycle
*KNOW HOW TO LABEL THE CELL CYCLE*
*KNOW HOW TO LABEL THE CELL CYCLE*
making more DNA
DNA replication
What does mitosis literally mean?
nuclear division
G0 phase can either be entered __________ or _________.
permanently, semi-permanently
Why does the cell need to grow bigger during the cell cycle?
so it can divide
What do the chromosomes do in anaphase?
split
During what phase of the cell cycle does the cell prepare for mitosis?
G2
during this phase of interphase, the cell grows and prepares for mitosis
G2
Why don't bacteria undergo mitosis?
because they don't have a nucleus
What can mutations in mitosis lead to?
cancer
a series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide; it is a series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication resulting in two identical (hopefully) daughter cells; a cell goes through this the course of its lifetime
cell cycle
these are designed to try to prevent a defective cell from moving on and dividing
cell cycle checkpoints
What is the biggest thing to check for at the G1 and G2 checkpoint?
cell size
Explain why cells don't just continue to grow larger as organisms grow larger. Why do cells divide?
cells divide because of the surface area to volume ratio; if a cell gets too big, the surface area to volume ratio gets too small; if this happens, mitosis and other processes that we have in the body will not work; the surface area needs to be larger than the volume of cells for these processes to work
During what phase of the cell cycle does mitosis and cytokinesis occur?
cell division (M phase)
during this phase of interphase, the cell grows and prepares for DNA synthesis
G1
During what phase of the cell cycle does the cell grow?
G1 & G2
What parts of the cell cycle are considered interphase?
G1, S, & G2
What is the cell cycle regulated by?
cyclin-CDK interactions, inhibitors, and many other regulatory processes
What helps cells go through each phase of the cell cycle?
cyclins
the division of the cytoplasm
cytokinesis
During what stage does the G1, S, and G2 phases happen?
interphase
What is the longest stage of the cell cycle?
interphase
Where is the majority of a cell's life spent?
interphase
What does the cell cycle consist of?
interphase (Gap 1, Synthesis, Gap 2), M phase (mitosis), and cytokinesis
What are the stages of the cell cycle in order?
-G1 -S -G2 -M
Where does cytokinesis fit into the stages of the cell cycle?
-G1 -S -G2 -M -cytokinesis
Put the following actions in order: DNA replication, cell grows, cell division, cell prepares for mitosis.
-cell grows -DNA replication -cell prepares for mitosis -cell division
What does the G2 checkpoint check for?
-cell size -DNA replication
What does the G1 checkpoint check for?
-cell size -nutrients -growth factors -DNA damage
What does the spindle assembly checkpoint check for?
-chromosome attachment to spindle -if the chromosomes are lined up in the middle
What are the stages of mitosis in order?
-prophase -metaphase -anaphase -telophase
How many stages are there in mitosis?
4
What is the mnemonic for what the M phase is made up of?
PMAT
during this phase of interphase, DNA replication occurs
S phase
During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
S phase of interphase
What does a cell do if it has a mutation?
it either repairs itself or performs apoptosis (cell suicide)
Our __________ cells undergo the G0 phase.
liver
What does preparation for DNA synthesis mean?
making proteins (usually enzymes) necessary for DNA replication
What does preparation for mitosis mean?
making proteins necessary for mitosis
Where is the spindle assembly checkpoint located?
metaphase
During what phase of the cell cycle does cell division occur?
mitosis (M phase)
What is DNA damage called?
mutation
these cells go to the G0 phase once they reach maturity
nerve cells
Is interphase part of mitosis?
no