The Courts and the Government Process (2)
The Supreme Court's decisions in Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade were most important because they
gave a new definition to personal privacy.
Which of these statements accurately describes the Fifth Amendment?
All citizens are entitled to due process.
The citizenship clause of the Fourteenth Amendment says a naturalized person
is a citizen, just like someone who was born in the United States.
The enforcement clause of the Fourteenth Amendment states that Congress has the authority to
make laws to apply the amendment.
The Supreme Court's decisions in Terry v. Ohio (1967) and Horton v. California (1990) both held that the police
may, in certain cases, search individuals or seize their property without a warrant.
In Furman v. Georgia (1972), William Furman appealed his death sentence for
murder.
The citizenship clause of the Fourteenth Amendment says a naturalized person
must have the same rights to become a citizen as someone born in the US.
Which action would violate the Ninth Amendment?
obtaining unauthorized personal information from a website
After the Civil War, the federal government began to extend civil rights to African Americans by
passing amendments to the Constitution
Look at the political cartoon. The cartoon shows an officer from the federal government
protecting freed African Americans.
In New York v. Quarles (1983), the Supreme Court ruled that Miranda rights do not have to be read if a suspect
puts public safety at immediate risk.
In Regents v. Bakke, the Supreme Court struck down the use of racial _______________as a way to reduce inequality in schools or workplaces.
quotas
What was Clarence Gideon forced to do during his burglary trial?
represent himself
What rights are specifically protected under the Ninth Amendment?
rights unlisted in the Constitution
Under due process, all people accused of crimes are subject to
rules that are the same for everyone.
Which issue did the Supreme Court answer in the case of Duncan v. Louisiana?
whether the Sixth Amendment guarantee of a jury trial applies to the states
The case of Furman v. Georgia (1972) resulted in a reinterpretation of the meaning of
cruel and unusual punishment.
Which action would be protected by the Ninth Amendment?
explaining medical problems to a personal physician in confidence
What were affirmative action programs originally designed to encourage?
increasing diversity in public institutions and businesses
People accused of crimes and awaiting trial may be released from custody if they agree to
pay bail.
The practice of selective incorporation means that the Bill of Rights will
sometimes be applied to the states by the court.
Which amendment resulted in the incorporation of the Bill of Rights?
the Fourteenth Amendment
A right is unenumerated if it is
assumed to be a fundamental right.
Which of these statements best describes double jeopardy?
A citizen cannot be tried twice for the same crime.
Which government agency analyzed data to ensure African-Americans were receiving fair treatment at the polls?
Census Bureau
How did the Supreme Court rule in the Miranda decision?
Ernesto Miranda had been denied his rights.
In Miranda v. Arizona (1966), why did Ernesto Miranda say his Fifth Amendment rights had been violated?
He had confessed to crimes without being reminded of his right to avoid self-incrimination.
What idea was the decision in Griswold v. Connecticut based upon?
If the Constitution forbids unreasonable searches, there must be a reasonable right to privacy.
How did the decision in Regents v. Bakke affect individual rights?
It protected rights by letting race be an admissions factor.
How did the verdict in Brown v. Board of Education relate to the verdict in Plessy v. Ferguson?
It set a new legal precedent on the issue of segregation.
State laws passed primarily in Southern states to restrict the voting rights of African Americans after the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment came to be known collectively as
Jim Crow laws.
Which of these provisions is part of the Eighth Amendment?
Reasonable bail must be set.
Why did the Supreme Court expand the incorporation of the Bill of Rights?
to ensure equal treatment for all citizens
Which best explains the purpose of the Ninth Amendment?
to ensure individual freedoms
The Civil Rights Act expanded
the federal government's power.
In order to extend the civil rights of slaves after the Civil War, the United States
banned slavery with the Thirteenth Amendment and created new protections with the Fourteenth Amendment
In order to extend the civil rights of slaves after the Civil War, the United States
banned slavery with the Thirteenth Amendment and created new protections with the Fourteenth Amendment.
The basic freedoms that are guaranteed to Americans by the Constitution are called
civil liberties.
In addition to protection against self-incrimination, the Fifth Amendment ensures that people have
double jeopardy and grand jury rights.
Evidence collected during an illegal search cannot be used in court based on the ___________.
exclusionary rule
Read the following amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Which amendment is this?
Nineteenth
Read the excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. This Fourteenth Amendment clause means that
Congress has the authority to make laws to apply the amendment.
Following the decision in the Gideon v. Wainwright case, what happens to accused persons who cannot afford to pay an attorney to represent them?
They are assigned an attorney by the court.
Which piece of legislation increased the number of demographics eligible to vote by decreasing the required voting age to 18?
Twenty-sixth Amendment
If the government wants to take land to build a highway, the Fifth Amendment says that the affected property owners must
be compensated for the land.
Why were some framers in favor of incorporating the Bill of Rights?
because then the Bill of Rights would cover both state and federal law
A man is sentenced to five years in prison for walking across his neighbor's lawn. In this example, we can say that the punishment is
disproportionate to the crime.
What is the correct definition of suffrage?
earning voting privileges
Which action would be considered an act of civil disobedience?
engaging in a sit-in, in which African Americans stay at a segregated business
Read the excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall [take away] the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States.This Fourteenth Amendment clause is about
equal protection under the law
Read the excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall [take away] the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States. This Fourteenth Amendment clause is about
equal protection under the law.
United States Constitution. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall [take away] the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States. This Fourteenth Amendment clause is about
equal protection under the law.
Read the excerpt from the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. At the time it was written, this clause originally applied to
federal law only.
The Fourth Amendment states that a reasonable search and seizure must
include a warrant and be based on probable cause.
In the term "due process," the word "process" refers to the way in which
trials are conducted.
A warrant, which specifies the location that can be searched and exactly what can be legally seized, must be issued by a
judge.
Read the quote from the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education. We conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of "separate but equal" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Compared with the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, this opinion
refutes the doctrine of "separate but equal."
The Fourteenth Amendment made the Constitution superior to state law because
the First Amendment applied to state law through incorporation.
Which amendment protects unenumerated rights such as voting rights?
the Ninth Amendment
Through which clause did state governments become bound by the Bill of Rights?
the due process clause
The impact of Furman v. Georgia (1972) was that states had to
create clear standards to be applied fairly before imposing the death penalty.
At the time it was written, this clause originally applied to
federal law only.
Which is a grand jury right?
the right to indictment before trial for a capital crime
Which of these statements accurately describes the Fourth Amendment?
The Fourth Amendment describes a fair process for searches and seizures.
When was the Fifteenth Amendment ratified?
in the 1860s, after the Civil War
Which group has the lowest voter-participation rate?
young adults
Which of these statements describes a Fifth Amendment protection?
No one can be tried twice for the same crime.
When Chief Justice Earl Warren stated, "A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn," what was he essentially stating?
Low self-esteem can have a negative impact on grades.
Read the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Which statement best summarizes the intent of the Eighth Amendment?
People accused of crimes have specific constitutional protections.
Which is a main idea in the Ninth Amendment?Some rights are not included in the Constitution, but are still protected.
Some rights are not included in the Constitution, but are still protected.
Which statement best represents a result of the Nineteenth Amendment?
Women have been elected to government offices.
What was the Supreme Court in the Brown case saying to the Court of the Plessy case in 1896?
You made the wrong decision.
The exclusionary rule states that if evidence is found during an illegal search, it
cannot be admitted as evidence in court.
In Duckworth v. Eagan (1988), the Supreme Court held that the police
could create any warning they chose so long as they got a conviction.
In Duckworth v. Eagan (1988), the Supreme Court held that the police
could create their own Miranda warning if it communicated the same message.
