The Fetal Face and Neck: Review Questions

Facial anomalies, when discovered, should prompt the sonographer to analyze the brain closely for signs of: A. Holoprosencephaly B. Dandy-Walker malformation C. Schizencephaly D. Hydranencephaly

A. Holoprosencephaly

The thickness for the nuchal fold in the second trimester should not exceed: A. 3 mm B. 6 mm C. 10 mm D. 12 mm

B. 6 mm

The fetal lip typically closes by: A. 18 weeks B. 8 weeks C. 13 weeks D. 6 weeks

B. 8 weeks

Cleft lip and palate may exist with: A. Amniotic band syndrome B. Holoprosencephaly C. Trisomy 13 D. All of the above

D. All of the above

The growth disorder syndrome synonymous with organ, skull, and tongue enlargement: A. Klinefelter syndrome B. Apert syndrome C. Ethmocephaly D. Amniotic band syndrome

D. Amniotic band syndrome

A group of abnormalities associated with the entrapment of fetal parts and fetal amputations is: A.Cystic hygroma B. Edwards syndrome C. Ethmocephaly D. Amniotic band syndromes

D. Amniotic band syndromes

The absence of the eyes is termed: A. Agyria B. Epignathus C. Hypotelorism D. Anopthalmia

D. Anopthalmia

Which of the following is also referred to as Trisomy 21? A. Edwards syndrome B. Patau syndrome C. Meckel-Gruber syndrome D. Down syndrome

D. Down syndrome

A reduction in the distance between the orbits is referred to as: A. Anopthalmia B. Micrognathia C. Hypertelorism D. Hypotelorism

D. Hypotelorism

An unusual protuberance of the tongue is termed: A. Epignathus B. Macrognathia C. Pharyngoglossia D. Macroglossia

D. Macroglossia

The most frequently encountered chromosomal abnormality associated with holoprosencephaly is: A. Triploidy B. Trisomy 21 C. Trisomy 18 D. Trisomy 13

D. Trisomy 13

Close-set eyes and a nose with a single nostril is termed: A. Cebocephaly B. Cyclopia C. Ethmocephaly D. Epignathus

A. Cebocephaly

All of the following are sonographic features of holoprosencephaly except: A. Cystic hygroma B. Proboscis with cyclopia C. Fused thalamus D. Monoventricle

A. Cystic hygroma

A large, mostly cystic mass is noted in the cervical spine region of a fetus. This most likely represents a: A. Sacrococcygeal teratoma B. Cystic hygroma C. Cephalocele D. Anopthalmia

B. Cystic hygroma

An oral teratoma is referred to as: A. Macroglossia B. Epigathus C. Micrognathia D. Ethmocephaly

B. Epigathus

The most common location of a cystic hygroma is within the: A. Axilla B. Neck C. Chest D. Groin

B. Neck

The most common cause of hypertelorism is: A. Dandy-Walker malformation B. Anencephaly C. Anterior cephalocele D. Holoprosencephaly

C. Anterior cephalocele

Macroglossia is most commonly found with: A. Anencephaly B. Holoprosencephaly C. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome D. Cystic hygroma

C. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Fusion of the orbits is termed: A. Microglossia B. Cebocephaly C. Cyclopia D. Ethmocephaly

C. Cyclopia

Nuchal thickening is most commonly associated with: A. Patau syndrome B. Hydranencephaly C. Down syndrome D. Cebocephaly

C. Down syndrome

The optimal scan plane to visualize micrognathia: A. Transverse B. Axial C. Sagital D. Coronal

C. Sagital

The condition in which there is no nose and a proboscis separating two close-set orbits: A. Ethmocephaly B. Epignathus C. Micrognathia D. Cebocephaly

A. Ethmocephaly

The measurement obtained between the lateral walls of the orbits is referred to as the: A. Interocular diameter B. Binocular diameter C. Ocular diameter D. Biparietal diameter

B. Binocular diameter

An abnormal division in the lip is referred to as: A. Micrognathia B. Cleft lip C. Anopthalmia D. Cebocephaly

B. Cleft lip

A cystic hygroma is found in all of the following condition except: A. Edwards syndrome B. Hydranencephaly C. Turner Syndrome D. All of the above

B. Hydranencephaly

An increase distance between the orbits is referred to as: A. Hypotelorism B. Hypertelorism C. Anopthalmia D. Micrognathia

B. Hypertelorism

A small mandible is termed: A. Macroglossia B. Epignathus C. Micrognathia D. Ethmocephaly

C. Micrognathia

A cystic hygroma is the result of: A. Alcohol consumption in the first trimester B. An abnormal development of the roof of the fourth ventricle C. Occlusion of the internal carotid arteries D. An abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue

D. An abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue

Which of the following is also referred to as Patau syndrome? A. Trisomy 18 B. Trisomy 21 C. Trisomy 12 D. Trisomy 13

D. Trisomy 13

Micrognathia is a condition found in: A. Trisomy 21 B. Hydranencephaly C. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome D. Trisomy 18

D. Trisomy 18