The Gallbladder
The gallbladder wall should not measure more than: 6 mm 5 mm 4 mm 3 mm
3 mm
The diameter of the gallbladder should not exceed: 3 cm 5 cm 7 cm 8 cm
5 cm
A 32 year old female patient presents to the sonography department with vague abdominal pain. The sonographic investigation of the gallbladder reveals a focal area of gallbladder wall thickening that produces comet tail artifact. These findings are consistent with: Adenomyomatosis Acalculous cholecystitis Gallbladder perforation Gangrenous cholecystitis
Adenomyomatosis
Cholesterol crystals within the Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are found with: Gallbladder perforation Acute cholecystitis Adenomyomatosis Acalculous cholecystits
Adenomyomatosis
Which of the following would not be a laboratory finding typically analyzed with suspected gallbladder disease? ALT ALP Bilirubin Alpha-fetoprotein
Alpa-fetoprotein
Which of the following would be least likely to cause focal gallbladder wall thickening? Gallbladder polyp Ascites Adenomyomatosis Adhered gallstone
Ascites
Which of the following is the most likely clinical finding of adenomyomatosis? Asymptomatic Congestive heart failure Hepatitis Murphy sing
Asymptomatic
Which horse causes the gallbladder to contract? Cholecystokinin Bilirubin Biliverdin Estrogen
Cholecystokinin
Which of the following would not be the least likely finding of acalculus cholecystitis? Positive murphy sign Cholelithiasis Gallbladder wall thickening Pericholecystic fluid
Cholelithiasis
The diffuse polypoid appearance of the gallbladder referred to as strawberry gallbladder is seen with: Kawasaki disease Adenomyomatosis Cholesterosis Cholangitis
Cholesterolosis
Intermittent obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone results in: Chronic cholecystitis Acute cholecystitis Gangrenous cholecystitis Emphysematous cholecystitis
Chronic cholecystitis
A 71 year old patient presents to the emergency department with painless jaundice and na enlarged, palpable gallbladder. These findings are highly suspicious for: Courvoisier gallbladder Porcelain gallbladder Chronic cholecystitis Acute cholecystitis
Courvoisier gallbladder
The direct blood supply to the gallbladder is the: Cholecystic artery Common hepatic artery Main portal vein Cystic artery
Cystic artery
Diabetic patients suffering from acute cholecystitis have an increased risk for developing: Gallbladder torsion Gangrenous cholecystitis Emphysematous cholecystitis Chronic cholecystitis
Emphysematous cholecystitis
The champagne sign is associated with: Adenomyomatosis Cholagniocarcinoma Emphysematous cholecystitis Acalculous cholecystitis
Emphysematous cholecystitis
The sequela of acute cholecystitis that is complicated by gas within the gallbladder wall is: Gallbladder perforation Emphysematous cholecystitis Membranous cholecystitis Chronic cholecystitis
Emphysematous cholecystitis
Hepatization of the gallbladder occurs when the gallbladder: Perforates Becomes hydropic Fills with sludge Undergoes torsion
Fills with sludge
Tumerfactice sludge can resemble the sonographic appearance of: Cholelithiasis Gallbladder carcinoma Cholecystitis Adenomyomatosis
Gallbladder carcinoma
A nonmotile, nonshaddowping focus is seen within the gallbladder lumen. This most likely represents a : Gallbladder polyp Sludge ball Gallstone Gallbladder carcinoma
Gallbladder polyp
All of the following sources of diffuse gallbladder wall thickening except: Gallbladder polyp Hepatitis AIDS Acute cholecystitis
Gallbladder polyp
Empyema of the gallbladder denotes: Gallbladder hydrops Gallbladder with pus Gallbladder completely filled with air Gallbladder completely filled with polyps
Gallbladder with pus
What is/are cholelithiasis? Inflammation of the gallbladder Gallstones Hyperplasia of the gallbladder wall Polyps within the biliary tree
Gallstones
Acute cholecystitis that leads to necrosis and abscess development within the gallbladder wall describes: Emphysematous cholecystitis Gangrenous cholecystitis Chronic cholecystitis Gallbladder perforation
Gangrenous cholecystitis
Which structure is usually a landmark for identifying the gallbladder? Main lobar fissure Hepatoduodenal ligament Falciform ligament Ligamentum venosum
Main lobar fissure
Which statement is not true of cholelithiasis? Men have an increased likelihood of developing cholelithiasis Patients who have been or are pregnant have an increased recurrence of cholelithiasis A rapid weight loss may increase the likelihood of developing cholelithiasis Patients who have hemolytic disorders have an increased occurrence of cholelithiasis
Men have an increased likelihood of developing cholelithiasis
The innermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the Muscular layer Mucosal layer Serosal layer Fibromuscular layer
Mucosal
Focal tenderness over the gallbladder with probe pressure describes: Hydrops sign Murphy sign Strawberry sign Courvoisier sing
Murphy sign
At which level of the gallbladder is the junctional fold found? Neck Fundus Body Phrygian cap
Neck
Which part of the gallbladder is part of the Hartmann pouch? Neck Fundus Body Phrygian cap
Neck
The most common variant of gallbladder shape is the: Junctional fold Phrygian cap Septated gallbladder Hartmann pouch
Phrygian cap
Which of the following is not a risk factor for the development of gallstones? Pregnancy Oral contraceptive use Phrygian cap Total parenteral nutrion
Phrygian cap
Calcification of the gallbladder wall is termed: Hyperplastic cholecystosis Heister syndrome Porcelain gallbladder Concrete gallbladder
Porcelain gallbladder
The cystic artery is most often a direct branch of the: Main pancreatic artery Celiac artery Right hepatic artery Left hepatic artery
Right hepatic artery
The outermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the: Fibromuscular layer Mucosal layer Serosal layer Muscularis layer
Serosal layer
Which of the following is associated with cholelithiasis and is characteristically found in Africans or people of African descent? Sickle cell disease Gallbladder torsion Cholesterolosis Arland-Berlin syndrome
Sickle cell disease
WES sign denotes: The presence of a gallstone lodged in the cystic duct Multiple biliary stones and biliary dilation A gallbladder filled with cholelithiasis The sonographic sign of a porcelain gallbladder
A gallbladder filled with cholelithiasis
With which of the following is Courvoisier gallbladder associated? A pancreatic head mass Chronic diverticulitis Cholecystitis A stone in the cystic duct
A pancreatic head mass
The gallbladder is connected to the biliary tree by the: Common hepatic duct Common bile duct Cystic duct Right hepatic duct
Cystic duct
The spiral valves of Heister are found within th: Gallbladder neck Cystic duct Gallbladder wall Gallbladder fundus
Cystic duct
The middle layer of the gallbladder wall is the: Muscular layer Mucosal layer Serosal layer Fibromuscular layer
Fibromuscular layer