The Gallbladder

The gallbladder wall should not measure more than: 6 mm 5 mm 4 mm 3 mm

3 mm

The diameter of the gallbladder should not exceed: 3 cm 5 cm 7 cm 8 cm

5 cm

A 32 year old female patient presents to the sonography department with vague abdominal pain. The sonographic investigation of the gallbladder reveals a focal area of gallbladder wall thickening that produces comet tail artifact. These findings are consistent with: Adenomyomatosis Acalculous cholecystitis Gallbladder perforation Gangrenous cholecystitis

Adenomyomatosis

Cholesterol crystals within the Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are found with: Gallbladder perforation Acute cholecystitis Adenomyomatosis Acalculous cholecystits

Adenomyomatosis

Which of the following would not be a laboratory finding typically analyzed with suspected gallbladder disease? ALT ALP Bilirubin Alpha-fetoprotein

Alpa-fetoprotein

Which of the following would be least likely to cause focal gallbladder wall thickening? Gallbladder polyp Ascites Adenomyomatosis Adhered gallstone

Ascites

Which of the following is the most likely clinical finding of adenomyomatosis? Asymptomatic Congestive heart failure Hepatitis Murphy sing

Asymptomatic

Which horse causes the gallbladder to contract? Cholecystokinin Bilirubin Biliverdin Estrogen

Cholecystokinin

Which of the following would not be the least likely finding of acalculus cholecystitis? Positive murphy sign Cholelithiasis Gallbladder wall thickening Pericholecystic fluid

Cholelithiasis

The diffuse polypoid appearance of the gallbladder referred to as strawberry gallbladder is seen with: Kawasaki disease Adenomyomatosis Cholesterosis Cholangitis

Cholesterolosis

Intermittent obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone results in: Chronic cholecystitis Acute cholecystitis Gangrenous cholecystitis Emphysematous cholecystitis

Chronic cholecystitis

A 71 year old patient presents to the emergency department with painless jaundice and na enlarged, palpable gallbladder. These findings are highly suspicious for: Courvoisier gallbladder Porcelain gallbladder Chronic cholecystitis Acute cholecystitis

Courvoisier gallbladder

The direct blood supply to the gallbladder is the: Cholecystic artery Common hepatic artery Main portal vein Cystic artery

Cystic artery

Diabetic patients suffering from acute cholecystitis have an increased risk for developing: Gallbladder torsion Gangrenous cholecystitis Emphysematous cholecystitis Chronic cholecystitis

Emphysematous cholecystitis

The champagne sign is associated with: Adenomyomatosis Cholagniocarcinoma Emphysematous cholecystitis Acalculous cholecystitis

Emphysematous cholecystitis

The sequela of acute cholecystitis that is complicated by gas within the gallbladder wall is: Gallbladder perforation Emphysematous cholecystitis Membranous cholecystitis Chronic cholecystitis

Emphysematous cholecystitis

Hepatization of the gallbladder occurs when the gallbladder: Perforates Becomes hydropic Fills with sludge Undergoes torsion

Fills with sludge

Tumerfactice sludge can resemble the sonographic appearance of: Cholelithiasis Gallbladder carcinoma Cholecystitis Adenomyomatosis

Gallbladder carcinoma

A nonmotile, nonshaddowping focus is seen within the gallbladder lumen. This most likely represents a : Gallbladder polyp Sludge ball Gallstone Gallbladder carcinoma

Gallbladder polyp

All of the following sources of diffuse gallbladder wall thickening except: Gallbladder polyp Hepatitis AIDS Acute cholecystitis

Gallbladder polyp

Empyema of the gallbladder denotes: Gallbladder hydrops Gallbladder with pus Gallbladder completely filled with air Gallbladder completely filled with polyps

Gallbladder with pus

What is/are cholelithiasis? Inflammation of the gallbladder Gallstones Hyperplasia of the gallbladder wall Polyps within the biliary tree

Gallstones

Acute cholecystitis that leads to necrosis and abscess development within the gallbladder wall describes: Emphysematous cholecystitis Gangrenous cholecystitis Chronic cholecystitis Gallbladder perforation

Gangrenous cholecystitis

Which structure is usually a landmark for identifying the gallbladder? Main lobar fissure Hepatoduodenal ligament Falciform ligament Ligamentum venosum

Main lobar fissure

Which statement is not true of cholelithiasis? Men have an increased likelihood of developing cholelithiasis Patients who have been or are pregnant have an increased recurrence of cholelithiasis A rapid weight loss may increase the likelihood of developing cholelithiasis Patients who have hemolytic disorders have an increased occurrence of cholelithiasis

Men have an increased likelihood of developing cholelithiasis

The innermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the Muscular layer Mucosal layer Serosal layer Fibromuscular layer

Mucosal

Focal tenderness over the gallbladder with probe pressure describes: Hydrops sign Murphy sign Strawberry sign Courvoisier sing

Murphy sign

At which level of the gallbladder is the junctional fold found? Neck Fundus Body Phrygian cap

Neck

Which part of the gallbladder is part of the Hartmann pouch? Neck Fundus Body Phrygian cap

Neck

The most common variant of gallbladder shape is the: Junctional fold Phrygian cap Septated gallbladder Hartmann pouch

Phrygian cap

Which of the following is not a risk factor for the development of gallstones? Pregnancy Oral contraceptive use Phrygian cap Total parenteral nutrion

Phrygian cap

Calcification of the gallbladder wall is termed: Hyperplastic cholecystosis Heister syndrome Porcelain gallbladder Concrete gallbladder

Porcelain gallbladder

The cystic artery is most often a direct branch of the: Main pancreatic artery Celiac artery Right hepatic artery Left hepatic artery

Right hepatic artery

The outermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the: Fibromuscular layer Mucosal layer Serosal layer Muscularis layer

Serosal layer

Which of the following is associated with cholelithiasis and is characteristically found in Africans or people of African descent? Sickle cell disease Gallbladder torsion Cholesterolosis Arland-Berlin syndrome

Sickle cell disease

WES sign denotes: The presence of a gallstone lodged in the cystic duct Multiple biliary stones and biliary dilation A gallbladder filled with cholelithiasis The sonographic sign of a porcelain gallbladder

A gallbladder filled with cholelithiasis

With which of the following is Courvoisier gallbladder associated? A pancreatic head mass Chronic diverticulitis Cholecystitis A stone in the cystic duct

A pancreatic head mass

The gallbladder is connected to the biliary tree by the: Common hepatic duct Common bile duct Cystic duct Right hepatic duct

Cystic duct

The spiral valves of Heister are found within th: Gallbladder neck Cystic duct Gallbladder wall Gallbladder fundus

Cystic duct

The middle layer of the gallbladder wall is the: Muscular layer Mucosal layer Serosal layer Fibromuscular layer

Fibromuscular layer