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What did Rosa Parks say about the Emmet Till case?
"I thought about Emmet Till and I could not go back. My legs and feet were not hurting, that is a stereotype. I paid the same fare as other, I felt violated."
what did the Jim Crow Laws mandate?
"Separate but equal"
What did the new generation say after the Emmet Till case?
"We're not gonna die like this. Instead we're gonna live and transform the South so people won't have to die like this."
Pre - Brown vs. BOE:
- 1941, Topeka middle schools integrated - 1953, BOE began to end segregation in elementary schools - 1965, all Topeka schools were changed to neighborhood schools
What is Civil Rights?
- A civil right is an enforceable right or privilege - If interfered with by another, gives rise to an action - Discrimination occurs when the civil rights of an individual in interfered with because of their membership in a particular group or class Examples of Civil Rights: - Freedom of: o Speech o Press o Assembly o From involuntary servitude (slavery) o Right to vote o Right to equality in public places (schools, restaurants, public transportation)
Claudette Colvin:
- A pioneer of the African- American civil rights movement - She was the first person to resist bus segregation in Montgomery, Alabama - Montgomery black leaders did not publicize Colvin's pioneering effort for long because she was a teenager and because pregnant while unmarried ***
Before Civil Rights Movement
- Black Males: o Couldn't offer to shake hands (or any other part of body for women) w/ white because it implied being socially equal (or for woman male would have the risk of being accused of rape) o Couldn't offer to light a white woman's cigarette because it implied intimacy - - Blacks: o Couldn't eat together w/ a white without a partition o Were not allowed to show public affection o Had to use titles when referring to whites (aka. Sir, ma'am, miss, mrs...) o Had to sit in the back of a car/bus if in the same vehicle w/ a white o Had to give whites the right of way at all intersections
Pre - Civil Rights Movement:
- Civil rights organizations for blacks (two most important): o The Mississippi Progressive Voters League (MPVL) o The Regional Council of Negro Leadership (RNCL) MPVL: established in 1947 - Promoted itself as a cooperative enterprise, that was non-partisan and non-threatening to whites - Its purpose was civic education and participation through motivation and literacy for potentially qualified black voters RNCL: founded in 1951: - Supported voter education, registration, and voting - It campaigned against police brutality - It targeted white business owners for economic boycotts without directly challenging the segregation doctrine of "separate but equal" - Advocated full-citizenship rights for blacks in Mississippi
Plessy vs. Ferguson:
- Homer Plessy: o An octoroon (1/8th) black/ could pass as a white person - What Plessy did: 1892 o Boarded white railroad train o Refused to move so was arrested - Ferguson: o Ferguson was the judge on Plessy's case o Ferguson denied the case, so it went to the supreme court - The charge: o Was that the government was separating races and the sepreate things were not equal, and that was in conflict of what the 14th amendment said - The End: o The case rejected Plessy's argument 7:1
Voting Laws:
- Poll tax: o Had to pay a certain fee to vote (this helped to prevent blacks because they didn't have enough money normally to pay this fee) - Literacy Test: o Had to be able to read and write (this helped to prevent blacks because most of them didn't go to school, so they didn't learn how to) - Grandfather Clause: o If someone in your family owned land, then you could vote (this prevented because most blacks/minorities had family members that were slaves, or from a different country
Amendments to the Constitution
- The 13th, 14th, and 15th, amendments granted blacks equal legal pretections as whites
Affirmative Action:
- What is Affirmative Action? o It is when steps are taken to eliminate discrimination wither in employment, education, or in public organizations o Attempt to level out the effects of past discrimination o Motive is for equal opportunities o It's policies discourages discrimination against qualified minority candidates and mandates inclusion o Persons with equal abilities should have equal opportunities
Jim Crow Etiquette
- excluded: o Public transportation o Facilities o Juries o Jobs o Neighborhoods - Many Christian ministers taught that whites were the "chosen people" and blacks were cursed to be servants and god supported racial segregation - Media referred to blacks as "n"s, coons, and darkies, also the media reinforced black stereotypes
Jim Crow:
- some say black slave w/ limp - some say black stable boy - no one really knows
What are 3 problems that resulted from the Great Depression?
-bank failures -joblessness -farmers over producing
What did FDR do to restore confidence in the banks?
-closed banks for four days and checked to see if they were stable enough to open again -signed the Emergency Banking Relief Act
Why did the stock market crash in 1929?
-over speculation
What are 3 causes of the Great Depression?
-people over speculated stocks (often used borrowed money) -the banking system collapsed -high tariffs discouraged international trade
1993
1) "Don't ask don't tell policy is instituted for the U.S. - permitting gays to serve in the military but banning homosexual activity
1955
1) Emmet Till murdered 2) Daughters of Billitis (DOB) 1st lesbian organization 3) Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks
1967
1) Executive Order expands LBJ affirmative action policy against discrimination based on gender
1961
1) Freedom Righters
Examples of civil rights:
1) Freedom of speech, press and assembly 2) right to vote 3) Freedom from involuntary servitude (slavery) 4) Right to equality in public places, schools, restaurants and transportation.
1960
1) Greensboro sit in - 4 black students from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College begin a sit-in at a Segregated Woolworth's lunch counter. They are refused service so they stayed until the were allowed
1963
1) MLK arrested/jailed during anti-segregation protest in Birmingham 2) Medgar Evens murdered 3) I have a dream speech 4) Bombing 16th street Baptist Church - 4 girls killed by bombing while in Sunday School. Denise Mclair, Cynthia Wesley, Carol Rolestson and Addie Mae Collins 5) JFK assassination by Lee Harvey Oswald
1868
1) MLK assassination at the age of 39 - shot as he stands on the balcony outside his hotel room. Escape convict (committed racist James Earl Ray) is accused of the crime 2) Civil Rights Act of 1968 signed by president Johnson prohibiting discrimination in the sale, rental/financing of a housing
1965
1) Malcom X is shot 2) Montgomery March for Voting Rights - March is started in supposrt of voting rights but is stopped by a police blockade. 50 are hospitalized after police use clubs, whips and tear gas 3) Voting Right Act is passed by Congress
What were the two most important pre-Civil Rights Movement organizations?
1) Mississippi Progressive Voters League (MPVL) 2) The Regional Council of Negro Leadership (RCNL)
What were the three voting laws during Jim Crow?
1) POLL TAX: you needed to pay a fee to vote, prevented most blacks from voting because they didn't have much money. 2) LITERACY TEST: had to read to be able to read. most blacks were not able to go to school and get an education to read. If the blacks were able to read, they would often be given a test in another language. 3) GRANDFATHER CLAUSE: grandfather of voter needed to own land. since most of the black's grandparents were slaves, this law also prevented many blacks from voting
1957
1) SCLC Organization created 2) Little Rock Nine
1951
1) The mattachine Society 1st gay rights organization formed by Harry Hay
1972
1) Title IX bans gender discrimination in schools. -Enrollment of women in athletics increases dramatically
1964
1)Civil Rights Act of 1964 that barred discrimination against race, nationality, ethnicity, etc... signed by president Johnson 2) Civil Rights Workers - 3 bodies found in earthern dam murdered by the KKK. ( Andrew Goodman, Michael Shwerner, James E. Chaney) They were 6 weeks into a mission backed by President Johnson 3) Title VII bars discrimination in employment on races and gender. It also establishes equal employment
1948
1)Executive Order Signed by Truman "equal treatment to all"
1954
1)Supreme Court ruling for Brown vs. BOE agreeing that segregation in all public school is unconstitutional
Who were the plaintiffs in the Brown vs. BOE case?
13 parents of 20 children of colour were the plaintiffs
Jim Crow "Daddy" Rice
1828 - musician, Thomas Dartmouth "Daddy" Rice, appeared onstage as a stereotypical black character
Jim Crow Laws
1876-1965 - State and local laws in the south - "seperate but equal"(black place always worse than white one)
Facts about Brown vs. BOE:
1945 - Court Level: o Started at local court, lost and eventually NAACP got involved and took it to the Supreme Court - Place: o Topeka, Kansas - Plaintiffs: o 13 parents and 20 children of color - Case was: o Pivotal moment where the supreme court outlawed racial segregation of public school facilities Oliver Brown: - The parent of a 3rd grader at Topeka schools - Picked because he was a father and not a single mother, the NAAPC thought that he would be received better than a single mom - Why he was on the case: o He wanted his daughter to be able to go to a neighborhood school, that was only 7 blocks away, while the other school was 21 blocks away Case: o It was a class action law suit (meaning that it was multiple cases put together into one big case) 5 different cases put together o 1951 lawsuit filed against BOE o 1954 Supreme Court decided that the "separate but equal" rule was in direct violation of the 14th amendment, meaning that Brown won End: - This case overturned the Plessy vs. Ferguson case - It was a victory for the NAACP attorney, Thurgood Marshall, who turned into the Supreme Court's first national black justice.
When did the Allies meet to discuss the fate of the minor Axis Powers?
1946
Emmett Till:
1955 - 14 year old Emmett Till was brutally murdered by white men while visiting relatives in Mississippi - His murder and the trial was "spark" if civil rights movement - Case wasn't just about ET's murder, but was also about a generation of young people wanting change - Bus boycott around the same time and rosa parks said: o She was thinking about Emmett Till when she was on that bus - Roy Bryant and J.W. Milan were not charged for the murder of Emmett Till, even though after the case was closed they admitted to it
Little Rock Nine
1957 - Group of nine black students enrolled in a all white high school - 3 boys and 6 girls - They were denied at first by the govener of Arkansas - President Eisenhower allowed them to and they were let in - They graduated from Little Rock Central High School - 1999, Bill Clinton awarded the group the congressional gold medal
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
1964 Congressional resolution authorizing President Johnson to take military action in Vietnam
Tet Offensive
1968; National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment
Paris Peace Accords
1973 cease-fire agreement where the US agreed to withdraw their troops from South Vietnam
Where was Linda Brown's school?
21 blocks away from her house.
how many girls and how many boys were in the little rock nine?
6 girls and 3 boys
Where was the neighborhood school?
7 blocks away
What made the patriot act a controversial policy
A compromise of some constitutional rights in the name of safety
Woodstock
A free music festival that attracted more than 400,000 young people to a farm in upstate New York in August 1969
What promises did George H.W. Bush make about taxes when he was running for president, and how did they get him in trouble?
A major promise that George H.W. Bush had made during his campaign was claim that he would never raise taxes. He seemed to be compassionate about this promise and Americans reacted very positively about it. But once he actually was elected, Bush became less motivated about his refusal of raising taxes. This is what ended up getting him in trouble. In 1990, he went back on his promises and voted to raise some taxes. This earned him immediate backlash and criticism. Some painted him as a liar. Even his colleagues were upset with his actions and felt it was wrong of him to do it without input from anyone else.
Camp David Accords
A peace treaty between Israel and Egypt where Egypt agreed to recognize the nation state of Israel
Which factor contributed most to Congress's failure to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment?
A powerful anti-women's-rights movement fought ratification.
Which of the following statements describes the United States Pl. in the world in the 21st-century
A powerful but challenge country with A wounded economy
What was perestroika?
A program to create real competition in Soviet politics and business.
What's the best way to describe the Arab spring
A series of protests against dictatorial rule
Which New Deal program raised farm prices quickly and controlled production of farm goods?
AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act)
What did the Roe lawyers in Roe v. Wade want to convince the Supreme Court about?
Abortion is a healthcare decision women have the right to make for themselves.
What happened immediately after President Kennedy's address to the country?
Activists were energized, but pro-segregationists became violent.
In affirmative action, steps are taken to do what?
Affirmative Action is steps that are taken to eliminate discrimination, whether in employment, education or contracting in public organization.
What country did the United States invade first as part of the war on terror
Afghanistan
Why were U.S. companies able to expand globally so quickly after the war?
Allied nations wanted to buy U.S. goods.
Why was radio the most important media outlet for Americans during the war?
Almost every American had a radio.
What was the main message of the Quarantine speech?
America can't ignore conflicts in foreign nations.
What was the main reason given by Americans who supported the atomic bombing of Japan?
American casualties in a conventional attack would have been too high.
How did American leaders respond to the Arab Spring?
American leaders had mixed responses to the Arab Spring. Some leaders praised the movement and saw it as a positive thing that dictators were being overthrown in favor of new democratic governments. For example, President Barack Obama openly showed support for the Arab protesters. On the other hand, some leaders were less excited about the matter. They were concerned that the movement would lead to more chances for Islamic extremists to take hold of countries, which would lead to more conflict.
Why did politicians come together to create the No Child Left Behind Act?
American students seemed less prepared academically than students from other countries.
What was the main inspiration for the no Child left behind act
American students were lagging behind students from other countries
What changed about the American healthcare industry after the passage of the Affordable Care Act (also known as Obamacare)?
Americans were required to buy health insurance and were guaranteed insurance regardless of financial need or pre-existing conditions.
Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
An economic legislation that created many social programs to help provide funds for youth programs antipoverty measures, small-business loans, and job training; part of the Great Society.
Who was the Watergate special prosecutor Nixon was trying to fire in an event that became known as the Saturday Night Massacre?
Archibald Cox
Why did John McCain and Barack Obama want to distance themselves from President Bush?
As President Bush left the office, his approval rating had gone down significantly to historic lows and the war he created in Iraq was especially unpopular. Although McCain and Obama had differing opinions regarding the war, they both wanted to distance themselves from Bush and the drama he created with the public during his presidency.
Hillary Clinton campaign for all but one of the following bills, which one was she least involved in
Balanced budget act
How did President Bill Clinton impact the 2000 presidential election?
Bill Clinton impacted the 2000 presidential election by giving the two presidential candidates something to agree on, which was that they both needed to distance themselves from the previous president. The two candidates both made it a point of their elections that they intended to restore honor and dignity to the White House after the scandal that Clinton had started.
What were the days when it crashed called?
Black Thursday and Black Tuesday w
Who was Malcom X?
Black muslim founder of Afro-American Unity
What was FDR's group of advisors know as?
Brain Trust
Which Allied nation(s) had not been invaded and occupied by the Axis in 1941?
Britain
What was the result of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Buses were desegregated, but racist violence followed.
What was the result of the 1988 presidential election?
Bush defeated Dukakis by a landslide.
How did the no Child left behind act attempt to improve American education
By creating in improving tests
Who was accused of killing Medgar Evans?
Byron De la Beckwith was tried twice in 1964 and finally was convicted for murdering Evans.
Which New Deal program employed about 3 million young men to build projects for the public like building dams?
CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps)
Which statement describes why Californians did not welcome the Plains migrants?
California already had a large unemployed population--most of them recent migrants from the 1920s.
What is the core conflict between capitalism and communism?
Communism is based on public property; capitalism on private property.
Who were the Viet Cong
Communists from North Vietnam operating in the South
What was the main challenge facing President Clinton in his relationship with Congress
Congress was controlled by the opposing political party
Why did President Carter describe conserving energy as patriotic in his "Malaise speech"?
Conserving energy would reduce America's dependence on foreign nations and reduce empty consumerism.
Which country in the western hemisphere adopted communism in the late 1950s?
Cuba
Which of the following countries was a communist state during the 20th century?
Cuba
What was the goal of the war on terror
Do you eliminate Al Qaeda another terrorist organizations
What was the main promise the Axis nations made to each other in the Tripartite Pact?
Each nation would support the others' military conquests.
How did the Vietnam War reflect the Cold War tensions of the time?
Each side was supported by a Cold War superpower.
Why did the Baby Boom happen?
Economic prosperity gave Americans stability.
What was the charge in the Brown vs. BOE case?
Educational facilities were unequal, ruled a violation of the Equal Protection Cause for the 14th amendment.
Which leader made the Open Skies Proposal?
Eisenhower
Which president masterminded the Bay of Pigs invasion?
Eisenhower
In which nation did the U.S. support a dictatorship that was fighting communism?
El Salvador
Which New Deal program insured people's money in the banks even if the bank failed?
FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)
FDR was different from the fascist leaders of the Axis powers in what important way?
FDR shared power with other branches of government.
Who was Ferguson?
Ferguson was the judge that denied Plessy's case, so it went to the Supreme Court.
The 2000 election came down to a competition in which state
Florida
Which state was left to "decide" the 2000 election?
Florida
What happened on 9/11
For American commercial jets were hijacked and flowing toward symbolic buildings as projectiles
The United States was initially helping which European country regain control of Vietnam?
France
How does "silence = death" sum up the AIDS activism movement of the 1980s?
Gay men believed that they had to speak up publicly as gay men, for the first time, to stop AIDS.
Which U.S. general lead the Allies in North Africa and Sicily?
George Patton
Which Axis Power was divided among the conquering Allies?
Germany
Which country did the U.S. actually invade in 1983 to overthrow its government under Reagan?
Grenada
The American military was desegregated under the command of which president?
Harry Truman
Which American president successfully desegregated the military?
Harry Truman
How did Malcolm X's beliefs evolve over time?
He argued for black supremacy at first but softened his stance later in life.
Which sentence best reflects the beliefs of Malcolm X?
He argued for black supremacy at first but softened his stance later.
What was Thurgood Marshall's greatest contribution to the civil rights movement before he joined the Supreme Court?
He argued successfully before the Supreme Court.
Why was Thurgood Marshall famous in the civil rights movement even before he joined the Supreme Court?
He argued successfully before the Supreme Court.
What was historically significant about the election of Barack Obama?
He became the first African American U.S. president in history.
How did President Harding start the U.S. on the path toward the Great Depression?
He began the trend of deregulating big business.
Why did Truman speak out against McCarthyism?
He believed it contradicted American rights and beliefs.
Why did President Bush use his veto power to "kill" the 1990 Civil Rights Act?
He believed it would establish "racial quotas."
Why did Stalin encourage Kim II-sung to start the Korean War?
He believed that the United States wouldn't intervene
What happened in 1892 with Homer Plessy?
He boarded a railroad train that was designed for whites and planned an act of disobedience.
How did Truman find approval to send forces to the Korean War?
He bypassed Congress and went to the UN
What case did George W. Bush make for invading Iraq as part of the War on Terror?
He claimed that Iraq provided support for al Qaeda and was dangerous because it possessed weapons of mass destruction.
What changes did President Clinton make to the American welfare system?
He created stricter requirements for welfare.
What was the most unusual aspect of Stalin's partnership with Britain and the U.S.?
He did not support their goals for a democratic post-war world.
Why did Al Gore a choose not to emphasize the time he spent working with President Clinton
He didn't want to be associated with Clinton scandals
How did President Obama change the country's approach to the War on Terror?
He focused military attacks on fewer and more specific targets.
What angered German citizens so much when they found out Hitler committed suicide before the fall of Berlin?
He had ordered that every German bravely fight the Allies to the death, but he did not.
What was George W. Bush's reasoning for invading Iraq
He insisted that Iraq was a Center for worldwide terrorism
How did FDR try to move Americans out of their isolationism?
He insisted that they had a role to play in world affairs.
Why did President Kennedy change the focus on America military tactics in the early 1960s?
He needed new troops to counter insurgencies
How did President Nixon secretly expand the Vietnam War?
He ordered the bombing of North Vietnamese bases in Cambodia.
Why did Walter Cronkite's TV editorial in 1968 shock the American public?
He said that America could not win the war and should ask for peace negotiations with North Vietnam.
Why did Walter Cronkite's TV editorial in 1968 shock the American public?
He said that America could not win the war.
How was FDR's popular image a drawback for some people?
He seemed full of promises but short on substance.
How did the war on terror change after Obama was elected
He shifted its focus to bombings and raids of specific targets
Why was Emmett Till murdered?
He spoke to a white woman.
What happened to George W bushes popularity over the course of his presidency
He started strong but lost popularity over time
Which statement accurately describes George W. Bush's approval ratings throughout his presidency?
He started with an extremely high rating but lost popularity over time as the Iraq war wore on.
Who old was Emmet Till when he was murdered
He was 14 years old
Who was Thurgood Marshall?
He was a NAACP attorney who later returned to the Supreme Court and became the nation's first black justice.
Why was Thurgood Marshall's appointment to the Supreme Court so significant?
He was a civil rights activist and also the first black Justice
Why did Lyndon Johnson succeed where other presidents had failed in expanding civil rights?
He was a cunning and forceful leader.
Why did President Kennedy have trouble finding support for civil rights legislation?
He was a narrowly elected president facing powerful pro-segregation congressmen.
Why was there opposition to President Kennedy's civil rights legislation?
He was a narrowly elected president facing powerful pro-segregation congressmen.
How did President Lyndon Johnson feel about civil rights issues?
He was a passionate supporter of civil rights.
What was President Lyndon Johnson's stance on civil rights?
He was a passionate supporter of civil rights.
Why was the death of Emmett Till so controversial?
He was a young child from another state.
After President Clinton was impeached, what did the senate decide to do with him?
He was acquitted
What happened after President Clinton was impeached?
He was acquitted of the charges against him.
When John F. Kennedy became president, what was his history with civil rights issue?
He was an open supporter of black civil rights.
Why were Mexican-Americans upset about Felix Longoria's funeral?
He was denied a proper service.
What happened to Malcolm X after he left the Nation of Islam?
He was labelled a traitor and assassinated.
What was the result of Malcolm X breaking away from the Nation of Islam?
He was labelled a traitor and assassinated.
What was the main theme of FDR's address to the nation after he won the election?
He was ready to give the people the new leadership they wanted.
How did Malcom X die?
He was shot to death
How did Hoover win his party's nomination to run again in 1932?
He was the incumbent, and the best-known Republican candidate.
How did President Kennedy approach the issue of civil rights in his first year in office?
He worked cautiously.
How did the golf war affect the American people's feelings about President Bush
He's approval ratings skyrocketed
Which one of President Clinton's domestic policies ended in failure
Healthcare reform
What criticism did George W. Bush receive after his response to Hurricane Katrina?
His administration reacted too slowly to the disaster, showing a lack of leadership.
What was so controversial about Felix Longoria's death?
His wake could only be held in the funeral home's basement.
Which was an example of a public works program?
Hoover Dam
What were the nine of the kids from little rock nine awarded?
In 1999, Bill Clinton awarded each of the nine the highest civilian award, the Congressional Gold Medal
What happened to the American automobile industry in 2008?
In 2008, during the time of the Great Recession, the American automobile industry faced hardships and neared a full collapse. All car major companies were facing the dilemma; holding debts and receiving very few sales. Along with that struggle, gas prices also began to rise. It would seem sensible for American car companies to suit that trend by manufacturing fuel efficient cars. Unfortunately they did not. As a result, Americans decided to seek out more fuel efficient models provided by foreign companies. The result of this was the shutdown of companies, severe amounts of cash lost, and people were losing jobs. Not only was the car industry failing, this took a toll on the economy as well. Although very close to a collapse, the industry had a quick save from Bush and Obama, who loaned companies around 85 billion dollars. These bail-out loans definitely did the trick and the industry began to thrive once again.
Which is an example of what critics of the war called escalation?
In March 1965, there were 60,000 U.S. soldiers in Vietnam; in early 1969, there were over half a million U.S. soldiers in Vietnam.
Which country did the U.S. actually invade in 1983 to overthrow its government under Reagan?
In October 1983, the U.S. invaded Grenada. The government was overthrown, and the constitution was reinstated. The US believed Grenada would be used by the Soviet Union as a stopover for supplying weapons to communists in Latin America
What was the initial response of the government to the nine children (from little rock nine) when they enrolled?
Initially, the children were denied by the government.
What me the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq last so long
Is Lameck insurgencies continuously challenge the occupiers
Why does the United States face continuous threats of war from Islam make extremists
Is Lanik extremist or upset by the spread of Western values in American support for Israel
Why did American troops stay so long in Afghanistan and Iraq?
Islamic insurgencies continuously challenged the occupiers.
In what way does technology benefit the citizens of oppressive regimes
It allows them to share for bidden information
What did his murder/trial become?
It became a spark for the Civil Rights Movement
How did Keynesian economics go against laissez-faire economics?
It called for lots of federal intervention in the economy.
How did the personal responsibility and work opportunity act change the American welfare system
It created stricter requirements for welfare
How was the nuclear arms race related to the space race?
It created the technology for the space race.
What did the death of Emmett Till do for the civil rights movement?
It crushed the momentum of its earlier protests.
Why was the INF Treaty an important change in the Cold War arms race?
It cut the number of INFs almost to zero, and allowed the U.S. and Soviet Union to inspect each other's military bases.
What was the Roe v. Wade decision's biggest impact on American society?
It divided Americans more than any other issue of the women's movement.
How did the Baby Boom impact American cities?
It drove people to raise families in spacious suburbs.
Why do people point to the Brown v. Board of Education decision as the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement?
It ended racist politicians' control over the South.
What does the National Labor Relations Board do?
It enforces the terms of the Wagner Act.
How was the dollar affected when the U.S. adopted the gold standard?
It gained in value.
Why was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution so revolutionary in U.S. government?
It gave the president control of U.S. military actions in Vietnam without approval from Congress
Why was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution so revolutionary in U.S. government?
It gave the president control of U.S. military actions in Vietnam.
What happened to the American economy when Bill Clinton was president
It grew more quickly than any economy since World War II
What was the economy like under President Clinton?
It grew more quickly than any economy since World War II.
How has technology affected elections in the United States?
It has helped candidates connect with voters in new ways.
What has globalization done to the American economy
It has reduce the value of American manufacturing
How did technology affect the 2008 presidential election?
It helped candidates connect with more voters and younger voters.
What made the poem "Yo Soy Joaquin" an example of Chicano art?
It helped shape Chicano cultural identity.
Why is "Yo Soy Joaquin" an example of Chicano art?
It helped shape Chicano cultural identity.
How did the Marshall Plan benefit the United States?
It increased the power of America's allies and kept communism at bay.
What has technology done to influence political elections
It is helped candidates connect with voters
What was the significance of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu?
It led to the end of France's power in Vietnam
How did the black power movement benefit black Americans?
It lessened the psychological damage of racism.
What did the Black Power Movement ultimately achieve for many black Americans?
It lessened the psychological damage of racism.
How did the Korean War affect China's influence in Asia?
It made China a legitimate communist threat.
How did stock speculation endanger the economy?
It made companies seem like they were more valuable than they really were.
What made the photo of the Migrant Mother so powerful?
It made people feel sympathy for the migrants.
What did the Civil Rights Act change about American society?
It made segregation illegal throughout the country.
What was the most significant impact of the 1964 Civil Rights Act?
It made segregation illegal throughout the country.
Why were civil rights activists suspicious of the Blossom Plan?
It minimized the effect of desegregation
What was it about the Blossom Plan that infuriated NAACP leaders like Daisy Bates?
It minimized the effect of desegregation.
Why were civil rights activists suspicious of the Blossom Plan?
It minimized the effect of desegregation.
How did the Brown v. Board of Education decision affect the Supreme Court's earlier decision in Plessy v. Ferguson?
It overruled the decision.
How did President Kennedy's death impact the passage of the Civil Rights Act?
It passed because leaders were working hard to honor his legacy.
What made the Voting Rights Act of 1965 more likely to succeed?
It provided federal oversight of state voting.
Why was victory in the space race so important to the United States?
It represented the superiority of capitalism.
What significant changed it Obamacare make to American healthcare
It required Americans to have health insurance and made access to healthcare easier
How did the slowdown in steel production impact the entire economy?
It started a domino effect that led to slowdowns in related industries, which created unemployment, which affected sales
What happened to North Korea after the fighting of the Korean War stopped?
It turned into an impoverished tyranny.
Was was Emmet Till's case about?
It was about the murder of a young boy AND a new generation committing their lives to social change
What happened to Vietnam after the Battle of Dien Bien Phu?
It was divided into two separate countries.
What happened at the Altamont Free Concert in December 1969 that made it so different from Woodstock?
It was inexplicably violent.
What happened to Japan after its surrender in August 1945?
It was occupied by the U.S.
What made Woodstock so successful?
It was peaceful
What made Woodstock so successful?
It was peaceful.
What made the EPA so successful in fighting pollution?
It was supported by the President and the American people.
What made the Philadelphia Plan an important step forward in civil rights?
It was the first time the federal government enforced affirmative action law.
What reason did President Johnson give for deciding not to run for re-election in 1968?
It would be irresponsible and dangerous for him to spend time campaigning when his full attention should be on the war.
How would FDR's court-packing scheme have changed the Supreme Court?
It would have expanded the Court by allowing the president to appoint new justices when existing justices turned 70.
Why was passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 so important to President Johnson?
It would start the Great Society by making civil rights legislation a key part of the Johnson Administration.
Which Axis Power was punished in the Paris Peace Treaties of 1947?
Italy
What was the main message of the Potsdam Declaration?
Japan must surrender or be destroyed.
What issue led to the U.S. and Japan holding peace negotiations in the summer and fall of 1941?
Japan's invasion of other Asian countries
What happened in the Soviet Union after the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Khrushchev was driven from power.
How has technology change the way people are educated
Knowledge and ideas are easier to access
Why was the Civil Rights Act passed after President Kennedy's death?
Leaders were working hard to honor his legacy.
Why was the a Rabbs bring revolt in Libya so deadly
Libby is leader was paranoid and willing to fight
What made the Arab Spring revolt in Libya deadlier than ones occurring elsewhere?
Libya's leader was paranoid and willing to fight.
When was MPVL established?
MPVL established in 1947
Why did Truman dismiss MacArthur from command?
MacArthur began questioning Truman's leadership in public.
Even though MLK and Malcom X both wanted the same thing, how was their strategy different?
Malcom X would fight back. If someone hurt him, he would hurt them back. MLK had a different approach. He would not physically hurt anyone, but he would protest and in a way that he could never be accused of doing something wrong.
What prompted the Obama administration to write the affordable care act also known as Obama care why was such a program consider necessary
Many Americans didn't have health insurance
What was the main problem with the American healthcare industry before Obama's election?
Many Americans didn't have health insurance.
Why is the Patriot Act controversial?
Many Americans feel that it violates constitutional rights to privacy for the sake of security.
Why does America's support for Israel complicate its other missions in the region?
Many Arabs see Israel as an invasive threat to the region.
How does the United States relationship with Israel make it other missions in the region difficult
Many a Rab see Israel as an invasive threat to the region
How is Maoism different from the communism of Karl Marx?
Maoism was a movement for the farming classes.
Who created SCLC?
Martin Luther King created SCLC
Who was SCLS's first president?
Martin Luther King was its first president
Why did President Clinton decide to force a conclusion to the Bosnian War in 1995?
Massacres of civilians were horrifying the world.
Which event triggered a dramatic increase in American involvement in the Bosnian war
Massacres of the Bosnian population
Who was Medgar Evans?
Medgar Evans was a 37 year old murdered outside his home.
How did American politics change after Barack Obama was elected
Members of the two political parties became even more divided in their believes
Which region matches up best with "Aztlán"?
Mexico and the American Southwest
What was the response to FDR's Executive Order 8802?
Military and industry leaders resisted the order.
Why was Executive Order 8802 a failure?
Military and industry leaders resisted the order.
What happened in 1932 that had never happened in a presidential election before?
More people switched parties to vote than ever before.
What made FDR's win in 1932 a landslide?
More people voted than ever before, and FDR won more of those votes than anyone before ever had.
Why has the middle Easter made a focal point for American foreign-policy
Most is Lanik extremist groups seem to focus or start there
Why were Dust Bowl migrants often referred to as Okies?
Most of the first migrants to arrive in California were from Oklahoma.
What was the NAACP?
National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People
What came to be known as the Watergate cover-up?
Nixon's attempts to stop the investigation into the Watergate break-in
What campaign promise was George H.W. Bush most famous for?
No new taxes!
Which side gained the greatest advantage from the Tet Offensive?
North Vietnam
Which side gained the greatest advantage from the Tet Offensive?
North Vietnam got these things: control of the South Vietnam countryside; growing anger at their government among the South Vietnamese people; and increasing calls by the American public for the U.S. to get out of the war.
Why was the election of Barack Obama so significant
Obamas race made the victory a surprise to many Americans
What did Oliver Brown want?
Oliver Brown wanted the school to be closer to his daughter's integrated neighborhood school
Who was Oliver Brown?
Oliver Brown was the parent of a third grader Linda
Why did President Clinton's plan for healthcare reform fail?
One of President Clinton's promises to the country was a reformed healthcare plan. He was unsatisfied with the current state of America's healthcare and decided that more Americans needed health insurance. Soon after he was elected president, him and his wife created a new bill. This bill did not get far at all. The first reason for the failure of the bill was that the Clinton's created the bill too independently. They didn't receive input nor support from any other staff and that upset many of them, especially the Congress. Another reason was that Republicans and insurance companies just flat out disagreed with the bill. Overall, the Clinton's didn't do well in explaining their bill and communicating how they would help healthcare policies but advertisements against the bill did. These ads convinced the public that the bill was a bad idea.
Why were U.S. companies able to expand globally so quickly after the war?
Other nations economies and manufacturing were damaged by the war.
What is the difference between paper value and real value?
Paper value is based on stock price, while real value is based on sales and profits.
Why is education easier to acquire in a technologically advanced society?
People around the world can more easily access knowledge and share ideas.
Which Eastern bloc nation was the first to overthrow its communist government to allow free elections, triggering reform movements in other nations?
Poland
What was controversial about the American invasion of Iraq
President Bush his reasoning for going to war proved false
Why was the American invasion of Iraq controversial?
President Bush's reasons for going to war proved false.
Who stepped in to escort the nine children into the high school?
President Eisenhower stepped in
North Vietnam launched its massive invasion of South Vietnam as a result of a series of events that began with which event?
President Nixon's resignation
Philadelphia Plan (1969)
Program established by Nixon to require construction trade unions to work toward hiring more black apprentices. The plan altered Lyndon Johnson's concept of "affirmative action" to focus on groups rather than individuals
What do the words social media referred to
Programs that allow users to build online communities
President Coolidge's decision to reduce federal regulation of business was an attempt to reverse what trend?
Progressivism
What goal did the American operations in Somalia in Bosnia have in common
Protecting civilians
Medicare program
Provided funding for health care services for older adults and the disabled from the federal government
what did RCNL campaign against?
RCNL campaigned against police brutality to blacks
What did RCNL target?
RCNL targeted white business owners for economic boycotts without directly challenging the segregationists doctrine of separate but equal.
What did the RSNL support?
RSNL supported actively championed black voter education registration voting
When was the RCNL founded?
RSNL was founded in 1951
What sparked the Watts Riots of 1965?
Racist economic policies had created immense tension and frustration.
Why were the residents of Los Angeles' Watts neighborhood so angry that they rioted?
Racist economic policies had created immense tension and frustration.
Why was Bloody Sunday ultimately a defeat for segregationists?
Refusing to fight back made the cause of civil rights seem more just.
What was the most important issue in the 2000 presidential election
Restoring dignity to the White House
Who actually killed Emmet Till?
Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam
What did SCLC fight for?
SCLC fought for equal rights of all people
What was the major force in the Civil Rights Movement?
SCLC was the major force in the movement
Which New Deal program created a tax on workers and employers and used the money provided for people who were old or disabled?
SSA (Social Security Act)
n the case of Brown v. Board of Education, what did the Supreme Court decide?
School segregation was unconstitutional
In the case of Brown v. Board of Education, what did the Supreme Court decide?
School segregation was unconstitutional.
What was the end result of the Brown v. Board of Education case?
School segregation was unconstitutional.
Why were Southern politicians willing to fight so openly against desegregation?
Segregation was a popular policy in the South.
How did First Lady Hillary Clinton impact her husband's presidency?
She campaigned alongside him, acting as a member of his administration.
What did Rosa Parks accomplish for the civil rights movement?
She inspired people to defy segregation laws.
What role did first lady Hillary Clinton serve in her husband's presidency
She was like another member of the administration, campaigning for legislation
Ayatollah Khomeini
Shiite religious leader of Iran, led the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran and ordered the invasion of the US Embassy.
Why were some Americans upset with President Bush's handling of Hurricane Katrina?
Some Americans were upset with President Bush's handling of Hurricane Katrina because his inaction caused a lot of grief and damage that probably could have been prevented. First of all, he was delayed in issuing an evacuation of the land that was effected by the hurricane. Even though he was given warnings that the hurricane was going to strike, he waited till a day before its occurrence to issue the evacuation. Because of the short notice, communications between the Louisiana governor and federal government was full of confusion. This in turn led to additional delays. On top of that, even after Hurricane Katrina took place, Bush still struggled to take action. He put off the responsibilities on other departments instead of making moves himself. All of this together damaged Bush's image.
Why did some Americans disapprove of the Medicare program created by the Social Security Act of 1965?
Some people thought that Medicare gave the federal government too much power over health care.
Why did some Americans disapprove of the Medicare program created by the Social Security Act of 1965?
Some people thought that Medicare gave the federal government too much power over health care. They called it 'socialized medicine'
What does SCLC stand for?
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
What made the Tehran Conference so difficult?
Stalin had completely different war aims than FDR or Churchill.
Why were the Soviets the first Allies to enter Berlin?
Stalin wanted to claim Germany as a Soviet territory, and forced his armies to reach Berlin first so he could do so.
How did armed troops become involved in the desegregation process?
State governors were using troops to prevent desegregation.
Why did presidents of the United States have to federalize troops during the desegregation process?
State governors were using troops to prevent desegregation.
What happened on September 11, 2001, to change Americans' ideas about national security?
Symbolic, highly populated sites in the U.S. were attacked by terrorists coordinating their efforts.
Which New Deal program helped control flooding, promote conservation and development, build dams, and gave electricity to some Southern states?
TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)
Which sentence best describes the impact of technology on American society
Technology has changed all Americans access information
Which of the following statements about technology in American society is true?
Technology has changed how Americans find and share information.
What were the 5 states that were most effected by the Dust Bowl?
Texas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Colorado, New Mexico
How did the 9/11 attacks change the structure of the American government?
The 9/11 attacks changed the structure of the American government in a way that made it more secure; it attempted to be more safe from terrorism. George W. Bush, the president during the time of the attacks, starting restructuring the government by creating Homeland Security, which had the purpose of preventing terrorism. The government also gained more control and insight into the American public with the Patriot Act being passed.
What circumstances led to the creation of the patriot act
The 911 attacks
What was the main idea behind the Occupy Wall Street movement?
The American financial industry crashed the global economy and caused a recession
What issue caused people to begin the occupy Wall Street movement
The American financial industry had crashed the global economy
Why wasn't V-E Day the huge celebration in the U.S. that it was in Europe?
The Americans were still fighting the war against Japan.
Why did the Germans stage the Battle of the Bulge in the Ardennes forest?
The Ardennes represented the weakest point in the Allied line.
Why was the Brown family chosen to represent the case?
The Brown family was chosen because it was a full family not a single family, so it would be better received by the supreme court.
Why did the CIO want to be an industrial union rather than a craft union, like the AFL?
The CIO believed an industrial union was stronger than a craft union.
What ended bus segregation in Montgomery?
The Court Case for Rosa Parks refusal to give up her seat on the bus
How did the Great Recession affect the American economy?
The Great Recession came to be as a result of a crash in the real estate market, although some other effects, such as globalization, may have had a part in it. Some of the reasons the Great Recession occurred were money losses, job losses, and businesses shrinking. All of those things were significantly damaging to the American economy. The Great Recession didn't completely destroy the economy, thanks to government loans, but it did cause difficulties for individual Americans. They now had hard times buying houses and surviving with the current economic state. Another effect of the Great Recession was the "Occupy Wall Street" movement. The movement was made up of disorganized protests from citizens that were feeling the effect of the Great Recession and were angered with it and lack of help from the government.
Why is American foreign policy focused on the Middle East?
The Middle East is where most Islamic extremists are trained and directed
What were the consequences of the Monica Lewinsky scandal?
The Monica Lewinsky scandal was the event during President Bill Clinton's second term in which he was caught having a sexual affair with a young White House intern. The nine secret meetings shared between the two were revealed when Lewinsky's private phone confessions to a friend were recorded and leaked. Initially, Clinton denied his part in the scandal but eventually he also confessed. Criticism, disgust, and disapproval from America were obvious consequences to the scandal but the most significant consequence was a legal one. Clinton was accused of lying under oath about the affair, a serious crime. Altogether, the fact that a president was involved in a cheating scandal and he had most likely committing a crime by lying about it led to a major consequence: his impeachment.
Which was MOST helpful in making FDR's second term more successful after 1937?
The Recession ended in 1938.
Why did the Soviet Union oppose the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
The Soviet valued the state more than individual rights
Why did the Soviet Union ask for enormous reparation payments?
The Soviets needed the money to rebuild into a superpower.
When did the supreme court rule the Brown vs. BOE case?
The Supreme Court ruled the Brown vs. BOE case in 1954
What did the Supreme Court rule for the Brown vs. BOE case?
The Supreme court decided that "seperate but equal" fule was not at all equal and was unconstitutional and in direct conflict with 14th amendment
What does it mean to say that the U.S. funded guerrilla fighters with covert aid?
The U.S. gave them aid secretly.
Why was V-J Day celebrated even more heartily in the U.S. than V-E Day?
The U.S. had fought the war in the Pacific almost on its own.
Why did the U.S. support Iraq in the Iran-Iraq War?
The U.S. wanted Iraq to overthrow Iran's revolutionary government.
Why was the U.S. taken completely by surprise by the attack on Pearl Harbor?
The U.S. was not at war with Japan.
Which sentence best describes the United States' place in the world in the 21st century?
The U.S., while still powerful, faces significant challenges overseas and at home.
Why was the Soviet Union's development of atomic weapons so significant?
The United States no longer had the advantage of atomic weapons.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 gave the federal government the right to monitor elections anywhere in the U.S., at any level, and to review elections where people claimed they were not allowed to vote or that the vote was rigged.
Why were so many South Vietnamese people who wanted to evacuate left behind in Saigon?
The airport near Saigon was destroyed by the North.
What was controversial about the Supreme Court's involvement in the election
The court affectively decided the winter
What happened at the Altamont Free Concert in December 1969 that made it so different from Woodstock?
The crowd became aggressive and started to fight and throw things at the performers onstage. One fan was killed by a Hell's Angel security guard when he tried to get onstage with a gun.
Which event inspired president Clinton to withdraw America forces from Somalia
The deaths of American soldiers stranded in Mogadishu which showed up on TV
Why did President Clinton withdraw American forces from Somalia?
The deaths of American soldiers turned public opinion against the operation.
What did the district Court rule for the Brown vs. BOE case?
The district court ruled in favor of BOE.
Why was the Supreme Court's involvement in the election controversial?
The effect of the Court's ruling was to choose the next president.
Watergate
The events and scandal surrounding a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in 1972 and the subsequent cover-up of White House involvement, leading to the eventual resignation of President Nixon under the threat of impeachment.
How did the federal government's stance on desegregation differ from that of Arkansas politicians?
The federal government supported and acted for desegregation.
Which of these correctly describes how the stance of the federal government differed from the stance of the state government in Arkansas on desegregation?
The federal government supported and acted for desegregation.
Why did the U.S. support the Khmer Rouge government in Cambodia when it was threatened by Vietnam?
The government Vietnam supported in Cambodia was communist
Why did the U.S. support the Khmer Rouge government in Cambodia when it was threatened by Vietnam?
The government Vietnam supported in Cambodia was communist.
What made some Americans react critically to George W. Bush his efforts after Hurricane Katrina
The government reacted slowly and he didn't show active leadership
What were Americans most worried about by 1932?
The government was powerless and society could collapse.
Segregation was the law in the American South, but how were black Americans treated elsewhere?
The hostility was similar, but racist policies were unofficial.
What were race relations like outside the American South?
The hostility was similar, but racist policies were unofficial.
Why was it difficult for President Clinton to pass legislation through Congress?
The majority in both houses of Congress were Republicans.
What impact to the Iraq war have on the 2008 election
The ongoing conflict and Iraq caused both candidates to turn away from President Bush
How was the Iraq War a major issue in the 2008 election?
The ongoing conflict in Iraq caused both candidates to turn away from President Bush.
Why did the Bay of Pigs invasion end in defeat for the United States?
The plan wasn't a secret
Why was Black Thursday so devastating?
The stock market lost nearly one quarter of its entire value on that one day.
Which of these was a result of federal deregulation in the 1920s?
The stock market rose dramatically.
What happened before the student protest that led the National Guard to shoot and kill unarmed student protestors at Kent State?
The town of Kent was afraid the protests would become violent, and the governor of Ohio described the protesters as dangerous.
What happened before the student protest that led the National Guard to shoot and kill unarmed student protestors at Kent State?
The town of Kent was afraid the protests would become violent, and the governor of Ohio described the protestors as dangerous.
What happened to American politics after Barack Obama became president?
The two political parties became even more divided.
Where did the name Chicano come from?
The word Chicano describes Mexican-Americans' unique cultural identity.
Why didn't the U.S. abolish its immigration quotas to let Jewish refugees to enter the country after the war?
Their anti-Semitism made them reluctant to allow Jews to become Americans.
What caused banks to run out of money during the Stock Market Crash of 1929?
Their customers could not repay their loans.
Why did Mexican-American high school students walk out of their Los Angeles classrooms in 1968?
Their schools were treating them poorly.
What happened to people who could not meet a margin call?
Their stocks were sold and they did not get any of the money.
Why were American women pressured to leave their jobs after the war?
Their work was seen as an unusual wartime necessity, and now that the war was over, they had to go back to "normal" and stay at home.
How did most Americans react psychologically to the events of 9/11?
They became more fearful and also, in many cases, more suspicious of Muslims.
What psychological effect did 911 have on American citizens
They became more fearful and suspicious of Muslims
In what way were al gore and George W. Bush alike
They both had a privileged upbringing
What was the danger of Americans buying stocks on margin?
They bought stocks that were hot.
What happened after Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam were acquitted?
They confessed that they were guilty.
How did cars and highways make suburban living easier?
They connected people to jobs, schools, and stores.
How did civil rights activists respond when authorities treated them with violence?
They continued their protests without fighting back.
What happened when civil rights activists in the South met with violent resistance?
They continued their protests without fighting back.
What led to the deportation of Mexican Americans in the Southwest during the Depression?
They could be officially classified as "foreigners" taking American jobs.
How did Jim Crow laws affect society in the American South?
They created separate, inferior services for black Americans.
Why were many Americans isolationists in the 1930s?
They did not think that the conflicts in Europe and Asia were going to develop into a war.
What happened to black Americans who fled the South for northern cities?
They encountered more segregation in the North.
Why did American veterans have a hard time dealing with their actions in the war?
They faced both danger abroad and criticism at home.
What did American leaders do in response to the auto industry crash of 2008
They gave out loans to prevent a collapse of the industry
How did American leaders react to the auto industry crash of 2008?
They gave out loans to prevent a collapse of the industry.
What was the key to the success of the Greensboro Sit-Ins?
They harmed local businesses' revenue.
Why were the Greensboro Sit-Ins so successful?
They harmed local businesses' revenue.
How have people living under oppressive regimes used technology to bring about change?
They have been able to share information that their government wants to censor.
Why did banks start buying lots of stock in the 1920s?
They hoped that by selling hot stocks they could rebuild their cash reserves.
What did the Roosevelt-Litvinov Agreements do?
They made diplomatic relations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union possible.
Why did Americans want public relief programs instead of industry jump-starts?
They needed immediate, direct help from the government.
How did the Soviet Union react to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
They rejected it.
What reason did the Supreme Court give for ending the re-count in Florida?
They thought the re-count would take too long and might be illegal.
What does it mean to say that the election of 1932 showed that Americans believed government is "an agency for human welfare"?
They voted for a president who would use the power of the federal government to help them.
Why are Islamic extremists trying to start a war with the United States?
They want Arab countries to reject Western values and punish America for supporting Israel.
What did the Bonus Army want?
They wanted Congress to keep its promise to pay their benefits before 1945.
Why did four young men start the Greensboro Sit-In movement?
They wanted to desegregate local restaurants.
Why did al-Qaeda fly planes into important American buildings?
They wanted to make a political statement about American support for Israel.
Why did most Japanese Americans accept internment?
They wanted to prove their loyalty by obeying the order.
What punishment did Emmett Till's killers receive?
They were acquitted.
What made the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 and the Higher Education Act of 1965 new types of education reform?
They were federally funded.
What made the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 and the Higher Education Act of 1965 new types of education reform?
They were federally funded. Before this, states funded schools so kids in poor states got poor educations
Why were the U.S. battleships and planes so easy for the Japanese to bomb at Pearl Harbor?
They were lined up in neat rows.
Why did the U.S. and Britain agree to let Poland be annexed by the Soviet Union at Potsdam?
They were not willing to fight a war over it, and Stalin was.
In Southern states like Mississippi in the 1950s, what happened when white citizens attacked their black neighbors?
They were rarely convicted.
Which is a long-term reason Americans kept investing in the stock market after the panic of March 1929?
They were so in debt from buying stocks that the only way they could imagine making that money back was with a big win in the stock market.
What happened when the Little Rock Nine showed up for their first day of school?
They were turned away by an angry mob.
Why didn't American leaders throw their full support behind the Arab spring
They worried that dictators would be replaced by extremists
Why were some revolutions of the Arab Spring problematic for American leaders?
They worried that dictators would be replaced by extremists.
What was the supreme courts reasoning for ending the recount in Florida
They worried the recount would be time-consuming and illegal
What made generals MacArthur and Patton different from Eisenhower?
They would not listen to anyone else; they had to have their own way.
what was the purpose of MPVL?
To bring Civic education and participation through literacy by potentially qualified black voters.
What was the goal of the terrorist who flew planes into symbolic American buildings
To make a political statement about American support for Israel
The adoption and safe families act was designed to make what kinds of changes to the American adoption system
To prioritize the happiness and safety of neglected or abused children
What was the purpose of the state children's health insurance program chip that Hillary Clinton campaign for
To provide health insurance for needy children
Why was he in Mississippi?
To visit his relatives
What was the cause of the 2008 crash of the housing bubble
Unethical banking practices
According to his "Letter from a Birmingham Jail," why did King think it was sometimes okay to resist the government peacefully?
Unjust laws don't have to be obeyed.
Which of the following statements did Martin Luther King, Jr. make in "Letter from a Birmingham Jail"?
Unjust laws don't have to be obeyed.
Who told stories of the war on the ground in Vietnam that made many Americans feel the war was a mistake?
Vietnam vets
Who told stories of the war on the ground in Vietnam that made many Americans feel the war was a mistake?
Vietnam vets came home with disturbing stories of drug use, depression, roadside ambushes, children carrying bombs, and violent attacks on Vietnamese civilians.
Which New Deal program employed men and women to build hospitals, schools,parks, and airports and also employed artists, writers, and musicians?
WPA (Works Progress Administration)
Which of these is the opposite of what Coolidge believed about wealth?
Wealth corrupts society.
How was the "feminine mystique" related to biology, according to Betty Friedan?
Women are biologically unable to do anything but be wives and mothers.
NOW's mission statement said, "NOW is dedicated to the proposition that women, first and foremost, are human beings." What does that statement mean?
Women are not mysterious creatures who are completely different from men.
Second Wave Feminism
Women's rights movement that revived in the 1960s with a different agenda than earlier women's suffrage movements; second-wave feminists demanded equal rights for women in employment and education, women's right to control their own bodies, and the end of patriarchal domination.
Did the nine kids graduate?
Yes, they all graduated from Little Rock Central High School
What did Al Gore and George W. Bush share?
a childhood with more advantages than most Americans
What caused the federal deficit to grow to almost $3 trillion under Reagan?
a combination of increased defense spending and decreased tax revenue
how did the federal deficit grow to almost $3 trillion under reagan?
a combination of increased defense spending and decreased tax revenue
Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge
a communist group led by Pol Pot seized power in Cambodia in 1975
What kind of people formed the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense?
a group hoping to end police brutality
Who were the Black Panthers?
a group hoping to end police brutality
What was King's dream in his "I Have a Dream" speech?
a just country in which children of different races wouldn't judge each other
Who was Thomas Dartmouth?
a musician "Daddy Rice" appeared on stage as "Jim Crow" an exaggerated highly stereotypical black character. (1828)
Which of the following is the BEST description of the March of Washington?
a peaceful demonstration in the nation's capitol
What was the Massive Resistance movement?
a plan to prevent desegregation in schools
what was the iran-contra scandal
a political scandal in the U.S. that occurred during the second term of reagan's administration
Which of these is the best definition for glasnost?
a push for more openness in the Soviet government
What did the United States call the group of ships preventing Soviet deliveries to Cuba?
a quarantine
Which phrase best describes the Viet Cong?
a secret force
What was the Arab Spring?
a series of protests against dictatorial rule
who were the viet cong?
a special north vietnamese fighting unit
Who was Felix Longoria?
a veteran of World War II
What changed about the American healthcare industry after the passage of the Affordable Care Act (also known as Obamacare)? a) Americans were required to buy health insurance and were guaranteed insurance regardless of financial need or per-existing conditions b) All businesses were required to buy their employees the same health insurance as other businesses in their state c) Private insurance companies were replaced by one one national insurance agency owned by the government d) Healthcare providers were required to provide care to any American regardless of insurance status
a) Americans were required to buy health insurance and were guaranteed insurance regardless of financial need or per-existing conditions
Which sentence best reflects the beliefs of Malcolm X? a) He argued for black supremacy at first but softened is stance later b) He believed peaceful demonstrations were the best way to make changes c) He valued black voting power above all else d) He was an activist for peace at first but hardened his stance later
a) He argued for black supremacy at first but softened is stance later
Why did President Kennedy have trouble finding support for civil rights legislation? a) He was a narrowly elected president facing powerful pro-segregation congressmen. b) He was distracted by other important issues. c) He had a reserved, uncharismatic personality. d) He saw civil rights as a legal issue, not a moral one, so his appeals were hard to understand.
a) He was a narrowly elected president facing powerful pro-segregation congressmen.
Which leader was a figurehead? a) Hirohito b) Mussolini c) Charles de Gaulle d) Haile Selassie
a) Hirohito
Why did the Bay of Pigs invasion end in defeat for the United States? a) The plan wasn't a secret b) Other communist countries interfered c) The Soviet Union had too much influence in the West d) Cuban forces had better supplies
a) The plan wasn't a secret
Which is a long-term reason Americans kept investing in the stock market after the panic of March 1929? a) They were so in debt from buying stocks that the only way they could imagine making that money back was with a big win in the stock market b) Charles Mitchell's $25 million loan gave them confidence that the market would always be supported by big business and banking c) The panic was very brief and afterwards speculation continued. so people thought it was a one-tine problem that d) The Federal Reserve Board did not act on its threat to regulate stock trading and speculation, so people went back to business as usual
a) They were so in debt from buying stocks that the only way they could imagine making that money back was with a big win in the stock market
Which quality made mass-produced cars into America's most popular mode of transportation? a) affordability b) power c) reliability d) speed
a) affordability
According to communists, what is the key to improving human society? a) eliminating private property b) enforcing mandatory charity c) changing the way money works d) increasing wages
a) eliminating private property
Which of the following policies was a failure for President Clinton? a) healthcare reform b) tax cuts c) NAFTA d) welfare reform
a) healthcare reform
What were the most severe punishments included in the Paris Peace Treaties? a) reparations b) forced labor c) border changes d) repatriations
a) reparations
Which choice BEST described the Greta Plains region? a) the rich farmland in geographic center of the U.S. b) a region that needs constant irrigation to produce crops c) the area of the U.S. that is most prone to drought d) one of the first regions to be farmed in the U.S.
a) the rich farmland in geographic center of the U.S.
Why did most women want to keep working after the war? a) they needed to support themselves and their families b) they enjoyed the challenge of working and manufacturing c) they did not like being housewives d) they wanted to do something different than their mothers had done
a) they needed to support themselves and their families
What does it mean to say that the election of 1932 showed that Americans believed government is "an agency for human welfare"? a) they voted for a president who would use the power of the federal government to help them b) they wanted the government to provide free food c) they voted for a president who could take action on his own without going through Congress d) they wanted the government to create jobs programs
a) they voted for a president who would use the power of the federal government to help them
What was the goal of the New Yorker editors who decided to punish John Hersey's eyewitness account of the bombing of Hiroshima? a) to alert Americans to the dangers that atomic weapons posed to the world b) to shame Americans for their support of the bombing of Japan c) to get Americans to see the Japanese as people just like themselves d) to question whether using atomic bombs had been necessary to end the war
a) to alert Americans to the dangers that atomic weapons posed to the world
What was the purpose of the March 1933 bank holiday? a) to temporarily close all banks so a federal banking relief program could be put in place b) to freeze bank accounts so more banks would fail c) to identify and close failing banks d) to allow customers to take their money out of the banks without penalty
a) to temporarily close all banks so a federal banking relief program could be put in place
what was the most important point the roe lawyers made in roe v. wade?
abortion is a healthcare decision women have the right to make for themselves
Escalation means
actions that increase the size and importance of something. Examples: sending more troops and supplies
Which quality made mass-produced cars into America's most popular mode of transportation?
affordability
Which of these was an economic perestroika reform introduced by Gorbachev?
allowing western investment in Soviet companies
what is a civil right?
an enforceable right or privilege.
What is communism?
an extreme version of socialism
what did newspapers re-enforce?
anti-black stereotypes
what is the correct chronological order of the steps in the nazis' anti-jewish campaign?
anti-jewish laws, ghettos, concentration camps, death camps, and death camps
How did President Kennedy's "Address to Congress" describe the issue of civil rights?
as a moral issue
In his famous "Address to Congress," how did President Kennedy try to frame the country's debate on civil rights?
as a moral issue
Why did Al Gore distance himself from President Clinton during the 2000 election? a) He wanted to make sure that people voted him bases on his own credentials b) He didn't want voters to associate him with Clinton's personal behavior c) He thought he didn't need Clintion's help to gain enough votes to win d) He and Clinton didn't work together well while they were in office
b) He didn't want voters to associate him with Clinton's personal behavior
How has technology affected elections in the United States? a) It has eliminated many kinds of voter fraud b) It has helped candidates connect with voters c) It has increased voters turnout by providing transportation to polls d) It has allowed people to vote without even leaving home
b) It has helped candidates connect with voters
What reason did President Johnson give for deciding not to run for re-election in 1968? a) He would not run for re-election when it was clear that the majority of Americans opposed his decision to continue the war b) It would be irresponsible and dangerous for him to spend time campaigning when his full attention should be on the war c) Another president would be better able to win the war because he would have the support of the American people d) He was tired of the divisiveness in American society, and did not want to be the focus of people's anger over the war any longer
b) It would be irresponsible and dangerous for him to spend time campaigning when his full attention should be on the war
What did FDR mean when he said the U.S. should become the "Arsenal of Democracy"? a) The U.S. should start building up its own defenses in case of war b) The U.S. should provide war materials and supplies to friendly nations c) The U.S. should negotiate a peace to end the Second World War d) The U.S. should declare war and join the Second World War
b) The U.S. should provide war materials and supplies to friendly nations
Why were so many South Vietnamese people who wanted to evacuate left behind in Saigon? a) South Vietnamese people waited too long to evacuate b) The airport near Saigon was destroyed by the North c) The U.S. could not hold everyone who wanted to evacuate d) Americans had not committed to evacuating South Vietnamese
b) The airport near Saigon was destroyed by the North
What was perestroika? a) a program to make the Soviet government more communist b) a program to create real competition in Soviet politics and business c) a program to allow only communist parties to run in Soviet elections d) a program to discredit communists parties
b) a program to create real competition in Soviet politics and business
What did FDR accuse the "Sixty Families" of? a) sabotaging the 1938 elections b) being undemocratic c) being isolationist d) stealing from the government
b) being undemocratic
How did President Harding start the U.S. on the path toward the Great Depression? a) he slowed down the transition from war production to domestic production b) he began the trend of deregulating big business c) he focused Americans on business rather than improving society d) he wanted to keep business on a "normal" path of slow growth
b) he began the trend of deregulating big business
What was the primary focus of the No Child Left Behind Act? a) allocating money to improve basic instruction in the most disadvantaged areas of the United States b) measuring all students against the same standard, and reducing funds to schools with poorly performing students c) reorganizing state boards of education so that they all report to the U.S. Department of Education d) training teachers to make better use of new technologies and the instructional methods that use them
b) measuring all students against the same standard, and reducing funds to schools with poorly performing students
Cesar Chavez represented what kind of activism in the 1960s in America? a) mail campaigns b) peaceful protests c) violent resistance d) political campaigns
b) peaceful protests
President Kennedy's New Frontier focused primarily on which domestic issue? a) taxation b) poverty c) military spending d) the environment
b) poverty
What did most Germans claim about the Holocaust? a) that the Allies were lying about it b) that they did not know it was happening c) that they had tried to stop it d) that it was the fault of the German army
b) that they did not know it was happening
What caused the crash of the real estate market in 2008?
banking practices that put the entire financial system at risk
why did each axis nation conquer other nations before WWII began?
because each lacked natural resources
Why was Homer Plessy arrested?
because he refused to move out of the railroad car.
Why were blacks not allowed to light a white woman's cigarette?
because it implied a gesture of intimacy.
Why were blacks not allowed to handshake before the civil rights movement?
because it implied social equality
Why were blacks not allowed to show affection in public?
because it offended whites
Why did Montgomery black leaders not publicize Calvin's efforts?
because she was a teenager and pregnant while unmarried.
how did the atomics arms race between the U.S and the Soviet Union begin? (writing question)
because the soviets found out the U.S had a bomb so they made one too causing the race to start
Why were blacks not allowed to offer any part of their body to a white woman?
because they could be accused of rape
What did FDR accuse the "Sixty Families" of?
being undemocratic
How did Hoover plan to jump-start big business?
by asking big corporations to hold wages steady at 1929 rates
How did the United States respond to the Berlin Blockade?
by flying supplies into Berlin
How did the No Child Left Behind Act promise to improve American education?
by raising standards for all students
How did Eisenhower work against the spread of communism?
by secretly overthrowing pro-communist leaders
How did Reagan plan to return the U.S. to laissez-faire government?
by shrinking the size of the federal government and reducing regulation and social services
The United States was initially helping which European country regain control of Vietnam? a) Spain b) Britain c) France d) Belgium
c) France
Why was Emmett Till murdered? a) He ran over a white man's dog b) He killed an older white man c) He spoke to a white woman d) He stole from a general store
c) He spoke to a white woman
What was the significance of Brown v. Board of Education decision? a) It solidified the advances of Plessy v. Ferguson b) It ended racist politicians' control over the South c) It was the first major victory for civil rights d) It ended school segregation forver
c) It was the first major victory for civil rights
Why was passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 so important to President Johnson? a) Johnson wanted to have a key piece of civil rights legislation passed while he was running for president b) Johnson wanted the American people to associate him with President Kennedy by passing Kennedy's bill c) It would start the Great Society by making civil rights legislation a key part of the Johnson Administration d) If Congress could pass the Civil Rights Act of the 1964, it would never resist civil rights legislation again
c) It would start the Great Society by making civil rights legislation a key part of the Johnson Administration
What was the Truman Doctrine? a) a condemnation of Soviet meddling in foreign governments b) an economic program for rebuilding Europe c) a declaration that the United States would contain communism d) a plan for rebuilding West Germany
c) a declaration that the United States would contain communism
How did the gold standard create deflation? a) by making gold scarcer and more valuable b) by encouraging people to borrow money c) by making fewer dollars available to the public d) by putting more money in the hands of bankers
c) by making fewer dollars available to the public
What issue was resolved at the Casablanca Conference? a) the competition between the U.S. and Britain to lead the Allies b) the debate over whether to ally with the Soviet Union c) the debate over where the Allies should attack first d) the disagreement over how to invade Italy
c) the debate over where the Allies should attack first
Why did members of Nixon's re-election committee break into the Watergate Hotel in Washington, D.C., in June 1972? a) to recover secret tape recordings Nixon had made b) to tamper with the 1972 presidential election results c) to spy on the Democratic presidential campaign d) to cover up illegal Nixon campaign activities
c) to spy on the Democratic presidential campaign
What was a penny auction? a) when farmers burned their crops because they could not sell them for more than a few pennies per bushel b) when farmers who were evicted from their land had to sell their goods for just pennies c) when farmers forced a bank agent at a foreclosure auction to sell a farm to them for just a few pennies d) when farmers used their crops to barter for goods, reducing the crops' value to just pennies
c) when farmers forced a bank agent at a foreclosure auction to sell a farm to them for just a few pennies
Which word best describes President Kennedy's initial approach to civil rights issues?
cautious
What inspired the United States to create the Marshall Plan?
communism's appeal to the impoverished people of Europe
The Soviet Union had what type of economic system?
communist
Equal Rights Amendment
constitutional amendment passed by Congress but never ratified that would have banned discrimination on the basis of gender
What activity did electric appliances and other goods marketed in the 1920s fuel?
consumerism
What did newspapers and magazines refer to blacks as?
coons, darkies and even worse
What was the reign of Cuban president Fulgencio Batista like?
corrupt
What was the New Deal's three major goals
create jobs, help the poor and needy, help business and labor
Why was the space race so important to both Cold War superpowers? a) Their people wanted to focus on something other than war b) They both needed extraterrestrial resources c) The victor would have a military advantage d) Either communism or capitalism would receive the glory of the accomplishment
d) Either communism or capitalism would receive the glory of the accomplishment
Which of the Four Freedoms was about the right to live strong and healthy lives? a) Freedom of Speech b) Freedom of Religion c) Freedom of Fear d) Freedom of Want
d) Freedom of Want
Which American President successfully desegregated the military? a) Woodrow Wilson b) Franklin Roosevelt c) John F. Kennedy d) Harry Truman
d) Harry Truman
What happened to the civil rights movement after the Civil Rights Act? a) It became less focused b) It led a renewal push against segregation c) Its leaders separated into different activist groups d) It shifted its focus to other issues
d) It shifted its focus to other issues
As President of the United States, Eisenhower had to deal primarily with which Soviet Leader? a) Beria b) Malenkov c) Stalin d) Krushchev
d) Krushchev
Why was North Korea confident when it began the Korean War? a) North Korea was on the verge of developing atomic weapons b) The United States was distracted by war elsewhere in the world c) Stain was promising full military support d) North Korean leaders believed that the United States wouldn't intervene
d) North Korean leaders believed that the United States wouldn't intervene
Why were the U.S. battleships and planes so easy for the Japanese to bomb at Pearl Harbor? a) The Japanese had studies maps of the harbor and knew where to attack b) They were still at the docks since they had just arrived in Hawaii c) The Americans did not put up a defense during the attack d) They were lined up in neat rows
d) They were lined up in neat rows
Why were American leaders hesitant to support some Arab revolutions? a) Worldwide opinion was against the Arab Spring b) They were close allies with most of the dictators c) They didn't have enough money to support them d) They worried that dictators would be replaced by extremists
d) They worried that dictators would be replaced by extremists
NOW's mission statement said, "NOW is dedicated to the proposition that woman, First and foremost, are human beings." What does that statement mean? a) Women should not be treated differently because they give birth b) Women did not want affirmative action to help them get jobs equal pay c) Men had been treated like second-class citizens by women d) Women are not mysterious creatures who are completely different from men
d) Women are not mysterious creatures who are completely different from men
What was Hoover's final proposal to stabilize banking and stop bank failures? a) asking banks to work together to lend each other money b) getting Roosevelt to brainstorm solutions with him c) accusing bank owners of being corrupt d) backing bank customers' deposits with federal money
d) backing bank customers' deposits with federal money
What did Eisenhower warn against after D-Day? a) taking revenge on collaborators b) trying to move into Germany too quickly c) resistance movements disbanding d) believing that the war was over
d) believing that the war was over
Why did the Allies break up Germany into four occupation zones? a) to share the work of prosecuting Nazis b) so they could keep the Soviets from annexing Germany c) so they could eventually annex those zones d) to break up Nazi control of the country
d) to break up Nazi control of the country
What was al-Qaeda's goal when its members designed the 9/11 attacks? a) to prevent the next presidential election from occurring b) to inspire Muslims in the United States to move to the Middle East c) to make Americans afraid to visit New York City d) to punish the United States for supporting Israel
d) to punish the United States for supporting Israel
What difficult issue did the Camp David Accords solve through compromise? a) how to prevent Egypt from attacking Israel through the Sinai Peninsula b) how to stop Arab nations from attacking Israel c) how to give Palestinians a voice in the Israeli government d) what to do about Israeli settlements in the Sinai Peninsula
d) what to do about Israeli settlements in the Sinai Peninsula
What were U.S.-Soviet relations like after the U-2 incident?
damaged
SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization)
defensive alliance aimed at preventing communist aggression in Asia
What was the goal of the Greensboro Sit-Ins?
desegregate local restaurants
How did Eisenhower attempt to keep communism from spreading?
diplomacy and secret deals
When does discrimination occur?
discrimination occurs when the civil rights of an individual are being denied because of their membership in a certain class or group
What did the Brown vs. BOE case discuss?
discussed hardship of all children concerned. Referenced to phycological well being of the children because of segregation of school
what was "doing our bit"?
doing what you could to help the war effort
Which of the following factors contributed to the Baby Boom?
economic stability
What was the Soil Conservation Act meant to do?
end farming on the Plains
What were investors afraid the Federal Reserve Board would do in March 1929?
end its policy of deregulation of the stock market
at what level were the jim crow laws enforced at in the south?
enforced at the state and local level (between 1976 and 1965)
Which word best describes the appeal of the movies during the Great Depression?
escape
What led young people to reject mainstream society in America in the early 1960s?
exposure to new ideas
What causes others to treat the "unknown" differently?
fear
What did the Marshall Plan offer the countries of Europe
financial support
What were FDR's radio broadcasts known as?
fireside chats
How were the veterans' benefits provided by the G.I. Bill supposed to be distributed?
first come, first served
Higher Education Act of 1965
funded scholarships and low-interest loans for college students
What was the longest segment of Operation Torch to complete?
gaining control of all of Italy
Summer of Love (1967)
gathering of 100,000+ young people in San Francisco creating melting pot of politics, music, drugs, creativity, and the total lack of sexual and social inhibition, epitome of hippy stuff
which nation invaded two countries in march 1938?
germany
what was the major outcome of the battle of the bulge?
germany was unable to stop the allied advance
why did president nixon resign in august 1974?
he did not want to be forced out of office through impeachment
how did reagan act when people said they were struggling because of cuts to federal social welfare programs?
he said that government programs were keeping them poor
Why was Emmett Till murdered?
he spoke to a white woman
why did FDR decide to give to go ahead to work on an atomic bomb during the war?
he wanted the U.S to have one before the Nazi's did.
Who was Homer Plessy?
he was an octroon who could pass for white.
Why was Emmett Till's murder so controversial?
he was only 14 years old
what did johnson do to move the civil rights act of 1964 through congress?
he went to men with power and worked with them to approve the act
How did the New Deal hep out the Dust Bowl farmers?
helped migrants and taught farmers in the Dust Bowl new conservation measures to preserve land
What made racist Southerners adopt the Jim Crow laws in the late 19th century?
hey maintained the racist social order of the pre-Civil War era.
Which description best fits the Summer of Love?
hippies gathering to experiment with drugs, free love, and political activism
how was the ayatollah khomeini involved in the iran hostage crisis?
his government denied it had anything to do with the hostages, and did nothing to end the crisis
Why was Edward R. Murrow such a popular reporter?
his on-the-spot reporting
Which factor helped President Kennedy negotiate with Congress?
his vice-president
What defined the American Dream in the late 1940s and 1950s?
home ownership in suburbia
what was the biggest problem Japanese Americans faced on their return from internment camps?
hostility from their white neighbors
What was the main emotion felt by people standing in soup lines?
humiliation
Which words describe the beliefs and actions of the Black Panther Party?
idealistic but violent
What was Cesar Chavez most passionate about?
improving the lives of fellow farm workers
What was the primary goal of Cesar Chavez's activism?
improving the lives of fellow farm workers
When was the class action lawsuit filed against BOE?
in 1951 the class action lawsuit was filed against BOE
When did all topeka elementary schools turn into neighborhood attendance schools?
in January 1957 elementary schools turned into neighborhood attendance schools
Which best characterizes the Reagan Administration's response to the AIDS epidemic?
inaction
Which best characterizes the Reagan Administration's response to the AIDS epidemic?
inaction. President Reagan did not mention it publicly until 1987. The administration did not make funds available for AIDS research, and seemed to have no reaction at all to the epidemic.
What did RCNL clearly advocate?
it clearly advocated full citizenship rights for black Mississippians
how did the roe v. wade decision affect american society?
it divided american's more than any other issue of the women's movement
How has globalization affected the American economy?
it eliminated many American manufacturing jobs
why did americans turn against the war they had once supported between 1964 and 1969?
it had cost more money and more lives each year without any sign of victory
how did the august coup result in the collapse of the soviet union?
it made the soviet people reject the communist party
What did the Supreme Court ruling of the Brown vs. BOE case do to the Plessy and Ferguson case?
it overturned it (the 1896 ruling that approved "separate but equal" segregation of the races, ruling that "separate educational facilities are essential")
OSHA was created to make workplaces safer. what else did it do?
it protected whistle-blowers who reported unsafe conditions
what did the supreme court decision in roe v. wade say?
it said that women had the right to decide privately if they wanted to keep their baby or not.
how did baseball become symbolic during the war?
it seemed to stand for America itself
What kind of law suit was the Brown vs. BOE case?
it was a class action law suit
what is Keynesian economics? (writing question)
it was invented by John Keynes. It's purpose was to help the economy get out of the depression and it lowered taxes.
what happened to the counterculture as the 1970's progressed?
it was partially adopted by mainstream
why was the congress of people's deputies so revolutionary?
its members were elected by the soviet people, not appointed by the communist party
Which of the following was part of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964?
job training and education for young people aged 16 to 21
Which of the following ideas was central to George W. Bush's campaign platform?
large tax cuts
How did the NAACP usually try to advance the cause of black civil rights?
legal action
What actions did the NAACP take to advance black civil rights?
legal actions
What was the biggest problem that farmers faced?
losing their land
Which factor did Americans most fear would bring back the Great Depression once the war ended?
loss of federal funding to businesses
What was the primary focus of the No Child Left Behind Act?
measuring all students against the same standard, and reducing funds to schools with poorly performing students
How was Kennedy's vision of the New Frontier received by members of Congress?
negatively
What was the New Deal?
new laws to help the economy
How many african americans enrolled in the all white high school in the little rock nine?
nine african american kids
Where blacks and whites allowed to eat together?
no
Could a black person sit next to a white person in a car?
no, black people had to sit in the back when driving with a white person
Did whites have to use courtesy titles for blacks?
no, blacks were called by their first names
Where the african american accommodations really equal to the white american accommodations?
no, the african american accommodations were almost always inferior to those for white americans.
What was a characteristic of the 1938 Congressional elections?
northern states going back to voting Republican
Where did FDR put the blame for causing the Great Depression?
on bankers, stockbrokers, and big business owners
What was King's overall strategy for the civil rights movement?
organizing peaceful protests
What is the legacy of the Civilian Conservation Corps?
over 800 national parks, 3 billion new trees, hundreds of miles of roads, and hundreds of new levees, dams, and bridges
What is making too much of one good?
overproduction
Cesar Chavez represented what kind of activism in the 1960s in America?
peaceful protests
What methods did Cesar Chavez use to improve the lives of farm workers?
peaceful protests
what is "mainstream" society?
people who accept inherited social norms
What is the conclusion of affirmative action?
people with equal abilities should have equal opportunities.
President Kennedy's New Frontier focused primarily on which domestic issue?
poverty
what did MPVL promote itself as?
promoted itself as a cooperative enterprise that was non-partisan (impartial)/ non-threatening to whites.
The Jim Crow Laws required for there to be separate facilities for:
public schools, places and transportation (trains and busses)
what does the jim crow etiquette exclude blacks from?
public transport and facilities, juries, jobs and neighborhoods.
What is the main reason unemployment rates were higher for black Americans than for white Americans?
racial discrimination in hiring and layoffs
What made the atomic bombing of Japan so devastating for human life?
radiation
tightening the money supply (Reaganomics) means
raising interest rates and taking dollars out of circulation. This helped shrink the government and boost the economy by making dollars worth more.
Which decision damaged President George H.W. Bush's chances for re-election?
raising taxes
What did President Bush gain from the country's role in the Gulf War?
record-high approval ratings
What did Barack Obama propose doing about climate change?
reducing carbon emissions
Reaganomics had four parts:
reducing federal spending, reducing regulation, cutting taxes, and tightening the money supply
Which of these activities doomed the Plains to soil erosion?
removing the sod
What were the most severe punishments included in the Paris Peace Treaties?
reparations
What issue seemed to matter most to voters during the 2000 election?
restoring respect to the office of president
how was president reagan's policy of rollback different from the previous u.s. cold war policy of containment?
rollback was about getting rid of communism everywhere
What was the "First Hundred Days"?
roughly the first three months of FDR's presidency
What did FDR accuse big business owners of doing?
sabotaging the economy
What class citizens where african americans seen as?
second class citizens
What did the SALT II Treaty between the Soviet Union and the U.S. do?
set limits on the development of long-range nuclear missiles by the U.S. and the Soviet Union
What was the primary strategy of the Massive Resistance movement?
shutting down schools to prevent desegregation
since when did the Topeka Middle school integrate?
since 1941
what prevented the U.S economy from failing after it stopped focusing on war production?
skyrocketing demand for domestic goods
Why did the U.S. fight the Battle of Iwo Jima?
so it could invade Japan itself
Why did FDR push for passage of the Neutrality Act of 1939?
so the U.S. could sell weapons and other supplies to nations at war
Why did the Allies break up Germany into four occupation zones?
so they could keep the Soviets from annexing Germany
Who was Jim Crow?
some say he was an old black slave with difficulty walking, others say he was a ragged stable boy but nobody really knows.
Who ordered stocks to be bought or sold on the trading floor of the stock exchange?
stockbrokers
What was the most important thing that the U.S. had to do to improve relations with Latin America under the Good Neighbor Policy?
subsidize American tourism to Latin America
what was the main theme of the UN charter?
supporting human rights and preventing armed conflicts
The AIDS epidemic of the 1980s was
terrifying, because scientists had not yet discovered how the disease was contracted, nor how to treat it. the initial victims were predominantly homosexual men
What belief was the Nation of Islam known for in the 1950s and 1960s?
that black Americans needed to form their own nation
What did the Nation of Islam teach about race relations?
that black Americans needed to form their own nation
What request did President Kennedy make of the leaders of the March on Washington?
that it would be a mild and peaceful protest
What was the overall message of King's "I Have a Dream" speech?
that people should create a just country in which children of different races can live happily
What was the Homer Plessy charge?
that the government separated races, but the segregation was not equal
What did the American policy of "containment" mean?
that the spread of communism would be resisted
What did the U.S. and Britain promise in the Atlantic Charter?
that the world would be better after the war
What did most Germans claim about the Holocaust?
that they did not know it was happening
When did capitalism start becoming Europe's dominant economic system?
the 14th century
Which piece of legislation received very little input from Hillary Clinton?
the Balanced Budget Act
Where was the Brown vs. BOE case?
the Brown vs. BOE case happened in Topeka, Kansas
What was the Brown vs. BOE case a landmark in?
the Brown vs. BOE case was a landmark decision of he U.S. Supreme Court which explicitly outlawed racial segregation of public school facilities.
Where was the Brown vs. BOE case?
the Brown vs. BOE case was in topeka, kansas
Which bill did President Bush veto?
the Civil Rights Act of 1990
What was the Eastern bloc?
the European nations that were annexed by the Soviet Union
Which programs illustrate Hoover's desire to have industries help themselves?
the Federal Farm Board and the National Credit Corporation
What was the first war fought by a fully desegregated American military?
the Korean War
What event was Rosa Parks most associated with?
the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Which act required publicly traded companies to publish their financial records each year?
the Securities Act of 1933
Which program was most successful in meeting the goal of helping rural Americans in the long term?
the Tennessee Valley Authority
What was McCarthyism a response to?
the Threat of Soviet espionage
Which piece of New Frontier legislation focused on strengthening workers' ability to bargain with their employers?
the Trade Expansion Act
What New Deal program got extra funding to continue and expand during the Recession of 1937-1938?
the Works Progress Administration (WPA)
what factor did the most to make the D-Day invasion dangerous for the Allies?
the allies having to wade up the beaches
why was japan not fully satisfied by it's surprise attack on the russian fleet in 1904?
the attack did not completely disable the fleet.
What hurt Hoover's popularity most during the campaign?
the attack on the Bonus Army
When did the board of education of topeka begin to end segregation in the Topeka elementary school?
the board of education of topeka began to end segregation in august of 1953
What was the court level in the Brown vs. BOE?
the case started at the local level. they lost and NAACP got involved and took it to the supreme court level.
What issue was resolved at the Casablanca Conference?
the debate over where the Allies should attack first
how did the 1964 presidential election change the democratic and republican parties?
the democratic south began to vote republican, and conservative republicans joined forces with southern democrats
What is the Korean DMZ?
the empty area between North and South Korea
What was the Beat generation?
the first post-WWII counterculture movement
Beat generation
the first post-war counterculture group. The Beats, or beatniks, as they were often called by mainstream society, rejected the commercialism of post-war society. Beats wore their hair long, dressed unusually, and called for freedom--the freedom to explore
what made an allied invasion of Europe impossible in 1942?
the germany grip on europe was too strong.
which of these events was a severe setback for the U.S war effort in the pacific?
the invasion of the philippines
The Jim crow period was also called:
the jim crow era
What event may have moved voters away from Carter and toward Reagan in the 1980 presidential election?
the new recession
What event may have moved voters away from Carter and toward Reagan in the 1980 presidential election?
the new recession. Carter cut funding to a wide range of federal programs which helped create a recession in mid-1980--an election year. Reagan promised to get the nation moving again.
what is the military-industrial complex?
the partnership between big business and the U.S armed forces that created a permanent war economy
What was the most important political consequence of the March on Washington?
the passage of the Civil Rights Act
Which of the following is a result of the March on Washington?
the passage of the Civil Rights Act
Who was Karl Marx?
the philosophical leader of communism
Which choice BEST describes the Great Plains region?
the rich farmland in the geographic center of the U.S.
After the Civil Rights Act made segregation illegal, what cause did civil rights leaders devote their energy to next?
the right to vote and own property
What rights did civil rights leaders pursue after segregation was made illegal?
the right to vote and own property
What caused the United States to adopt the policy containment?
the spread of communism on several continents
if executive order 9066 was unconstitutional, why was it allowed to stand?
the supreme court ruled that during wartime, the Constitution can be overridden in the name of national security.
What was the inspiration for the Patriot Act?
the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001
what was the reagan doctrine?
the u.s. would help anyone who was fighting communism in their country
how did nixon say he would end the war when he campaigned in 1968?
the u.s. would train south vietnam to fight the war on its own
what was the main reason given by Americans who thought Truman should not have authorized the use of atomic weapons?
the use of atomic bombs was immoral.
what rules where there if blacks and whites did eat together?
the white person was served first and there had to be some sort of partition between them
During the Chicano movement, what did the concept of Aztlán represent?
their cultural and political homeland
What did Aztlán mean to Mexican-Americans in the 1960s?
their cultural and political homeland
What made conditions at the Japanese internment camps so bad?
their desert location
Why did Mexican-American high school students walk out of their Los Angeles classrooms in 1968?
their schools were treating them poorly.
How many different cases were in the Brown vs BOE case?
there were 5 different cases from 4 different states (each with the same issue)
What do the affirmative action policies discourage?
they discourage discrimination against qualified minority candidates and mandate illusions
why did many americans dissaprove of giving the panama canal to panama?
they felt like a small nation had humiliated the u.s. by forcing it to give up an important asset
What did the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments of the constitution do?
they granted the same legal protection to blacks as whites.
What did the Supreme Court rule in the Homer Plessy case?
they ruled that the segregation was equal and not in direct conflict with the 14th amendment.
how did the atomics arms race between the U.S and Soviet? (writing question)
they wanted to agree because they both wanted to bring germany down.
why were the camp david accords so important?
they were important because they broke the stalemate between egypt and israel and egypt would give israel diplomatic recognition
In Southern states like Mississippi in the 1950s, what happened when white citizens attacked their black neighbors?
they were rarely convicted.
What did many christian ministers teach?
they would teach that whites were the "Chosen People" that blacks were cursed to be servants and that god supported racial segregation
Reaganomics had four parts: reducing federal spending, reducing regulation, cutting taxes, and what?
tightening the money supply
What was the goal of the New Yorker editors who decided to publish John Hersey's eyewitness account of the bombing of Hiroshima?
to alert Americans to the dangers that atomic weapons posed to the world
what was the official goal of the Yalta conference?
to bring democracy to europe.
What was Civil Defense supposed to do for Americans?
to calm Americans' fears of atomic weapons
What was the main goal of gold speculators?
to drive up the price of gold
What was the goal of the War on Terror?
to eliminate al-Qaeda and all other terrorist organizations around the world
What was the purpose of the Jim Crow laws?
to enforce the separation of African-Americans and white people in most public places
what was the purpose of the Nuremberg trials?
to establish political justice as a post-war global
what was president truman's main goal at the Potsdamn conference?
to fight stalin's attempts to take over eastern europe.
What was the purpose of the National Industrial Recovery Act?
to get businesses to stop competing with each other on price and work together to stabilize the economy
What was the purpose of the Federal Farm Board?
to help farmers organize to solve the problem of overproduction
What purpose were social media applications designed to serve?
to help users to build online communities
Why was the movie series Why We Fight made?
to inspire American soldiers
What was the purpose of FDR's Four Freedoms speech?
to inspire Americans to share their freedoms with the world
The Ku Klux Klan was formed for what purpose?
to intimidate or kill anyone working for social progress
What was the goal of the Ku Klux Klan during the 1870s and 1920s?
to intimidate or kill anyone working for social progress
What was the purpose of the Neutrality Acts Congress passed between 1935 and 1937?
to keep the U.S. out of any future war in Europe and Asia
What was the United States' role in the Gulf War?
to lead a military coalition against Iraq
What was the purpose of the Patriot Act?
to make potential terrorists easier to find by relaxing laws against spying on civilians
What was the main purpose of the Truman Doctrine?
to make resisting the spread of communism an official American policy
What was the purpose of the Immigration Act of 1924?
to make the American population more white and more Protestant
What was the goal of the Adoption and Safe Families Act?
to place the happiness and safety of children over the rights of birth parents
What was the common goal of American operations in Somalia and Bosnia in the 1990s?
to protect civilians caught in the crossfire
What was the goal of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)?
to provide working parents with an affordable healthcare option for their children
What was the goal of the Bay of Pigs invasion?
to remove Castro from power
Claudette Calvin was the first person to:
to resist bus segregation in Montgomery, Alabama preceding better known Rosa Parks incident 9 months later, in 1854
What were President Clinton's plans for healthcare reform?
to spread private health coverage to all Americans
Why did members of Nixon's re-election committee break into the Watergate Hotel in Washington, D.C., in June 1972?
to spy on the Democratic presidential campaign
Why was the United States flying U-2s over the Soviet Union?
to spy on the Soviets
What did the U.S. most hope to accomplish by bombing Germany?
to stop German war manufacturing
Why did President Truman approve the development of the hydrogen bomb?
to stop the Soviets from using atomic weapons
What was the purpose of the March 1933 bank holiday?
to temporarily close all banks so a federal banking relief program could be put in place
what happened in the gulf of tonkin incident in august 1964?
two small battles between u.s. and north vietnamese ships were reported.
How does overproduction relate to the Great Depression?
values of goods began to go down
What occupation was Felix Longoria best known for?
veteran of World War II
What happened after Martin Luther King, Jr. was killed?
violent riots
What was the immediate aftermath of Martin Luther King. Jr.'s assassination?
violent riots
What difficult issue did the Camp David Accords solve through compromise?
what to do about Israeli settlements in the Sinai Peninsula
What specific problem, which seemed impossible to resolve, did the Camp David Accords solve?
what to do about Israeli settlements in the Sinai Peninsula
What is inflation?
when a nation prints money just to put it in circulation, and that money loses value
What was a penny auction?
when farmers forced a bank agent at a foreclosure auction to sell a farm to them for just a few pennies
When was the full extent of the Holocaust revealed?
when the death camps were discovered by Allied soldiers
Who had the right of way at a road intersection?
whites always had the right of way
How did President Kennedy address America's domestic problems in the early 1960s
with more government involvement in society
How was the "feminine mystique" related to biology, according to Betty Friedan?
women have a unique biology that can only be fulfilled by being wives and mothers. The only way women can be happy is to support men and children
why was a woodstock a landmark event of the counterculture?
woodstock was a landmark event of counterculture because of the positive impact it had on people. there was no violence of any kind. it was just for nearly half a million people such as hippies for 3 days of peace.
had white men gone unpunished for murders they committed in the past?
yes, black men/ teenagers had been brutally lynched by white men without consequences.
Were the accommodations required to be equal?
yes, but they were not.
Did blacks have to use courtesy titles for whites?
yes, they had to say sir, mrs, etc...
