The Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb
articular facets
-2 shallow depressions on distal end of radius -articulate with the scaphoid and lunate bones of the wrist
styloid process
-a bony point -can be palpated proximal to the thumb -on distal end of radius
conoid tubercle
-a ligament attachment that faces toward the rear and slightly downward
brachium
-arm proper -extends from shoulder to elbow -contains only one bone (humerus)
carpal bones
-arranged in rows of 4 bones each -collectively called wrist bones -short bones -allow movements of the wrist from side to side and anterior to posterior
ulnar notch
-articulates with the end of the ulna -on distal end of the radius
styloid process
-at distal end of ulna -bony lumps you can palpate on each side of your wrist
trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate
-bones of distal row (carpal)
metacarpals
-bones of the palm
subscapula fossa
-broad anterior surface of the scapula -slightly concave -relatively featureless
hamate
-can be recognized by a prominent hook called the hamulus on the palmar side
trochlear notch
-deep C shaped -wraps around the trochlea of the humerus -at proximal end of the ulna
neck
-distal to the head -narrower part
upper limb
-divided into 4 segments containing a total of 30 bones per limb 4 segments: brachium antebrachium carpus manus
head
-feature of humerus -hemispherical -articulates with the glenoid cavity
surgical neck
-feature of humerus -common fracture site -narrowing of the bone just distal to the tubercles, at the transition from the head to the shaft
antebrachium
-forearm -extends from elbow to wrist -2 bones: radius and ulna
olecranon
-forms the posterior side of the trochlear notch -bony point where you rest your elbow on a table
suprascapular notch
-found in the superior border of scapula -provides passage for for a nerve
manus
-hand -contains 19 bones in 2 groups: metacarpals (5) phalanges (14)
posterior surface of scapula
-has a transverse ridge (spine) -a deep indentation superior to the spine (supraspinous fossa) -a broad surface inferior to it called (infraspinous fossa)
inferior surface
-is flatter than the superior surface - marked by grooves and ridges for muscle attachment
capitulum
-lateral condyle of humerus -shaped like wide tire -articulates with the radius
acromial end
-lateral part of clavicle -markedly flattened
radial fossa
-lateral pit -named for the nearby head of the radius
radial notch
-less conspicuous than the trochlear notch -accommodates the edge of the head of the radius
interosseous membrane (IM)
-ligaments that attaches the radius and ulna along their shafts -enable 2 elbow joints (humeroradial and humeroulnar) to share the load and reduces the wear ad tear that one joint would otherwise have to bear alone. -attachment for several forearm muscles
trochlea
-medial condyle of humerus -pulley like -articulates with the ulna
sternal end
-medial part of clavicle -has a rounded hammer like head
coracoid process
-named for a vague resemblance to a crow's beak -shaped more like a bent finger -provides attachment for the tendons of the biceps brachii and other muscles of the arm
scapula
-named for its resemblance to a spade or shovel -triangular plate that posteriorly overlies ribs 2-7 -only direct attachment to the thorax is by muscles -glides across rib cage as the arm and shoulder move -has superior medial, and lateral borders -has superior, inferior, and lateral angles
radial tuberosity
-neck of radius widens into this -rough prominence -the distal tendon of the biceps muscle terminates on this tuberosity
pisiform
-not like other carpal bones -sesamoid bone (not present at birth) -develops around the age of 9-12 within the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
coronoid fossa
-on anterior surface of the humerus -medial pit -accommodates the coronoid process of the ulna when the arm is flexed
acromion
-platelike extension of the scapular spine that forms the apex of the shoulder. -articulates with the clavicle
olecranon fossa
-posterior pit of the distal end of the humerus -accommodates a process of the ulna called the olecranon where the elbow is extended.
hammulus
-prominent hook of hamate attachment for the flexor retinaculum
medial epicondyles
-protects the ulnar nerve (passes close to the surface across the back of the elbow.) -funny bone
lateral and medial supracondylar ridges
-proximal to the epicondyles -margins of the humerus -attachments for certain forearm muscles
deltoid tuberosity
-rough area of shaft on anterior on its lateral surface -insertion for the deltoid muscle of the shoulder
glenoid cavity
-shallow socket that articulates with the head of the humerus, forming the glenohumeral joint.
clavicle
-slightly S-shaped, somewhat flattened from the upper to lower surface, and easily seen and palpated on the upper thorax. -most commonly fractured bone in the body
pectoral girdle
-supports the arm and links it to the axial skeleton -consists of the clavicle and scapula
carpus
-wrist -contains 8 small carpal bones arranged in 2 rows
flexor retinaculum
a fibrous sheet in the wrist that covers the carpal tunnel
greater and lesser tubercles / intertubercular sulcus
accommodates a tendon of the biceps muscle
interosseous margin
angular ridge attached to the interosseous membrane
phalanges
bones of fingers
scaphoid lunate triquetrum pisiform
carpal bones
clavicle
collarbone
head
distal end of metacarpal bone form knuckles when you clench your fist
head
distinctive discoidal ___ at the proximal end of the radius
coronoid process
forms the anterior side of the trochlear notch
radius
has a head, neck, and radial tuberosity
lateral and medial epicondyles
humerus flares out to form 2 bony processes ___ and ____ ____
acromioclavicular joint
lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the scapula at the __-
sternoclavicular joint
medial end of the clavicle articulates with the sternum at the ___
base
proximal end of the metacarpal bone
superior surface of clavicle
relatively smooth and rounded
glenohumeral joint
scapula articulates with the humerus at the ___
body
shaft of metacarpal bone
scapula
shoulder blade
anatomical neck
smooth surface of the head is bordered by a groove called the ___ -feature of humerus
pollex
thumb
