The Second Industrial Revolution
Carnegie's philosophy
"Gospel of Wealth"
George Pullman
Made his fortune by designing and building sleeper cars that made long distance rail travel more comfortable.
entrepreneur
Someone who organizes a business venture and assumes the risk for it
Social Darwinism
Stronger business people would prosper
trust
a croup of companies that turn control of their stock over to a common board of trustees who then run all of the companies as a single business.
yellow dog contracts
a job contract where the employee must not join unions
corporation
a jointly owned company that issues stock.
Second Industrial Revolution
a period of rapid growth in U.S. manufacturing in the late 1800's fueled by use and distribution of oil and electricity.
Working Man's Avocate
a working class newspaper
describe children's working conditions
a) 12 hour shifts b) low wages, long hours c) unsafe
Haymarket Riot
a) May 1, 1886 b) 40,000 Chicago Workers joined a strike against McCormick harvesting machine company c) wanted an 8 hour work day d) led by anarchists
marketing products
a) brand names and packaging b) advertising; magazines, newspapers, billboards etc.
corporation advantages
a) can raise large sums of money b) limited liability c) stable, doesn't rely on others
Wilbur and Orville Wright
built a lightweight airplane that used a small, gas-powered engine. Their first flight was on December 17, 1903 at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
Transcontinental Railroad
built after the Civil War. Joined at Promitory point, Utah.
stockholders
buy shares and get a percentage of the corporation's profits.
company towns
company owned workers' housing and controlled the businesses they shopped at
Elijah McCoy
developed a way to keep the moving parts of steam engines lubricated. also developed the pressure steam valve.
number of women and children workers ___________ between 1870 and 1890.
doubled
Haymarket Riot Day 2
during a civil, peaceful meeting about the strike, with 200 police officers present a bomb had exploded and shots were fired
patents
exclusive rights to make or sell inventions. allowed inventors to protect their inventions from being stolen and manufactured by others.
Anthony F. Lucas
found oil in Texas during 1901 which started the Texas oil boom
Eugene V. Debs
head of the american railway
Andrew Carnegie
robber baron who made his fortune steel making
horizontal integration
A company attempts to control an industry by buying out the competition
Vertical Integration
A company attempts to own or control all steps of the production process.
monopoly
A market in which there are many buyers but only one seller
West Virginia Strike
1877; railroad strike about a pay cut, strike spread to 14 states. President Rutherford B. Hayes eventually sent troops to protect the railroad.
The Great Upheaval
1886; year of intense strikes and violent labor confrontations
Homestead Strike
1892; at the Carnegie Steel company workers protested wage cuts and became very violent
Pullman Strike
1894; at Pullman Sleeping Car Factory workers protested cut wages and the refusal to lower rent and merchandise prices
knights of labor
9 garment workers led by Uriah Stevens which eventually expanded to 700,000 which was made of skilled and unskilled workers
What was the result of placing high tariffs on imports?
American businesses dominated the domestic markets
robber baron
American capitalist who acquired a fortune in the late nineteenth century by ruthless means.
Horatio Alger
American writer of inspirational adventure books about working boys.Supported the belief that in American one could rise from rags to riches.
Capitalism
An economic system based on private ownership of businesses
Rockefeller
Controlled the oil industry with vertical and horizontal integration
Vanderbilt
Controlled the railroad and shipping industry
Edwin L. Drake
First to drill oil with a steam engine in PA
laissez faire
Free from government control
Menlo Park
New Jersey village west of New York City where Thomas Edison established the world's first industrial research laboratory in 1876.
Alexander Holly
improved the steel making method so steel could be produced in one day
communism
individual ownership of property shouldn't be allowed, no social classes
Bessemer process
invented a way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities
Thomas Edison
inventor of the first practical electric light bulb. He also built a power plant to supply electricity to New York City.
blacklists
lists of union supporters, difficult to get jobs if you were placed on this
Terence V. Powderly
mayor of Scranton, Pa. became the Knights of Labor's leader
American Federation of Labor
organized independent craft unions into a group that worked to advance the interests of skilled workers
Mary Harris Jones
organizer for the Knights of labor, organized strikes and marches.
Sherman Antitrust act
outlawed all monopolies and trusts that restrained trade.
Alexander Graham Bell
patented the telephone
anarchists
people who oppose all forms of government
department store
sold a variety of goods under one roof
Knights of Labor actions
the eight-hour day, abolition of child labor, equal pay for equal work, and political reforms including the graduated income tax.
What types of jobs did women and children mostly have?
they made clothing and shoes
African American's filled what kind of jobs?
unskilled positions; cigar factories, other factories etc. Didn't have access to better jobs that white men had access to
George Westinghouse
who invented the railway air brake. was one of Thomas Edison's main rivals in the early implementation of the American electricity system. Westinghouse's system ultimately prevailed over Edison's insistence on direct current.
