The Second Industrial Revolution

Carnegie's philosophy

"Gospel of Wealth"

George Pullman

Made his fortune by designing and building sleeper cars that made long distance rail travel more comfortable.

entrepreneur

Someone who organizes a business venture and assumes the risk for it

Social Darwinism

Stronger business people would prosper

trust

a croup of companies that turn control of their stock over to a common board of trustees who then run all of the companies as a single business.

yellow dog contracts

a job contract where the employee must not join unions

corporation

a jointly owned company that issues stock.

Second Industrial Revolution

a period of rapid growth in U.S. manufacturing in the late 1800's fueled by use and distribution of oil and electricity.

Working Man's Avocate

a working class newspaper

describe children's working conditions

a) 12 hour shifts b) low wages, long hours c) unsafe

Haymarket Riot

a) May 1, 1886 b) 40,000 Chicago Workers joined a strike against McCormick harvesting machine company c) wanted an 8 hour work day d) led by anarchists

marketing products

a) brand names and packaging b) advertising; magazines, newspapers, billboards etc.

corporation advantages

a) can raise large sums of money b) limited liability c) stable, doesn't rely on others

Wilbur and Orville Wright

built a lightweight airplane that used a small, gas-powered engine. Their first flight was on December 17, 1903 at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

Transcontinental Railroad

built after the Civil War. Joined at Promitory point, Utah.

stockholders

buy shares and get a percentage of the corporation's profits.

company towns

company owned workers' housing and controlled the businesses they shopped at

Elijah McCoy

developed a way to keep the moving parts of steam engines lubricated. also developed the pressure steam valve.

number of women and children workers ___________ between 1870 and 1890.

doubled

Haymarket Riot Day 2

during a civil, peaceful meeting about the strike, with 200 police officers present a bomb had exploded and shots were fired

patents

exclusive rights to make or sell inventions. allowed inventors to protect their inventions from being stolen and manufactured by others.

Anthony F. Lucas

found oil in Texas during 1901 which started the Texas oil boom

Eugene V. Debs

head of the american railway

Andrew Carnegie

robber baron who made his fortune steel making

horizontal integration

A company attempts to control an industry by buying out the competition

Vertical Integration

A company attempts to own or control all steps of the production process.

monopoly

A market in which there are many buyers but only one seller

West Virginia Strike

1877; railroad strike about a pay cut, strike spread to 14 states. President Rutherford B. Hayes eventually sent troops to protect the railroad.

The Great Upheaval

1886; year of intense strikes and violent labor confrontations

Homestead Strike

1892; at the Carnegie Steel company workers protested wage cuts and became very violent

Pullman Strike

1894; at Pullman Sleeping Car Factory workers protested cut wages and the refusal to lower rent and merchandise prices

knights of labor

9 garment workers led by Uriah Stevens which eventually expanded to 700,000 which was made of skilled and unskilled workers

What was the result of placing high tariffs on imports?

American businesses dominated the domestic markets

robber baron

American capitalist who acquired a fortune in the late nineteenth century by ruthless means.

Horatio Alger

American writer of inspirational adventure books about working boys.Supported the belief that in American one could rise from rags to riches.

Capitalism

An economic system based on private ownership of businesses

Rockefeller

Controlled the oil industry with vertical and horizontal integration

Vanderbilt

Controlled the railroad and shipping industry

Edwin L. Drake

First to drill oil with a steam engine in PA

laissez faire

Free from government control

Menlo Park

New Jersey village west of New York City where Thomas Edison established the world's first industrial research laboratory in 1876.

Alexander Holly

improved the steel making method so steel could be produced in one day

communism

individual ownership of property shouldn't be allowed, no social classes

Bessemer process

invented a way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities

Thomas Edison

inventor of the first practical electric light bulb. He also built a power plant to supply electricity to New York City.

blacklists

lists of union supporters, difficult to get jobs if you were placed on this

Terence V. Powderly

mayor of Scranton, Pa. became the Knights of Labor's leader

American Federation of Labor

organized independent craft unions into a group that worked to advance the interests of skilled workers

Mary Harris Jones

organizer for the Knights of labor, organized strikes and marches.

Sherman Antitrust act

outlawed all monopolies and trusts that restrained trade.

Alexander Graham Bell

patented the telephone

anarchists

people who oppose all forms of government

department store

sold a variety of goods under one roof

Knights of Labor actions

the eight-hour day, abolition of child labor, equal pay for equal work, and political reforms including the graduated income tax.

What types of jobs did women and children mostly have?

they made clothing and shoes

African American's filled what kind of jobs?

unskilled positions; cigar factories, other factories etc. Didn't have access to better jobs that white men had access to

George Westinghouse

who invented the railway air brake. was one of Thomas Edison's main rivals in the early implementation of the American electricity system. Westinghouse's system ultimately prevailed over Edison's insistence on direct current.