The Web: Section 3
Cookie
A message sent from a Web server to a browser and stored on a user's hard disk, usually containing information about the user.
Link Popularity
A metric used by some search engines to rank the sites that are relevant to a query.
Browser Extension
A module of computer code that adds capabilities to a browser, such as the ability to block ads on Web pages.
Bidirectional Links
In the context of the Web, links that allow two documents to refer to each other, rather than a link that contains only a one-way reference.
A search engine's ______ pulls keywords from a Web page and stores them in a database.
Indexer
Web Page
Information displayed by a Web browser that's produced from an HTML document or generated on the fly from data in a database.
Browser Cache
The collection of HTML pages and images that is stored locally by a browser and used to quickly load pages that have been previously viewed without waiting for them to be downloaded again.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
The communications protocol used to transmit Web pages. HTTP:// is an identifier that appears at the beginning of Web URLs (for example, http://www.fooyong.com).
Browser Home Page
The first page displayed when a browser starts.
HTTP Secure (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
The protocol used to create secure connections for ecommerce by adding a layer of encryption.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
Used in conjunction with HTML, a means of formatting the appearance of text and other elements of a Web page.
Documents created with word processing software
an be posted to the Web as DOCX files cannot be used on the Web ~can be converted to HTML files for the Web contain HTML tags
Bookmarks
A feature of Web browsers that saves the URLs for selected Web sites.
Source Document
A file containing the HTML tags or scripts for a Web page.
History List
A file of recently visited Web sites maintained by a browser.
Web Site
A group of Web pages accessible at a specific Web address that holds a collection of information identified by a common domain name, such as www.cnn.com.
Markup Language
A language that provides text and graphics formatting through the use of tags. Examples of markup languages include HTML, XML, and SGML.
Search History
A list of queries entered into a search engine and also stored by the search engine.
Search Operator
A logical operator such as AND, OR, and NOT used to formulate complex queries.
HTML Document
A plain text or ASCII document with embedded HTML tags that dictate formatting and are interpreted by a browser.
Web Browser
A program that communicates with a Web server and displays Web pages.
Web Search Engine
A program that uses keywords to find information on the Internet and returns a list of links to relevant documents.
Stateless Protocol
A protocol, such as HTTP, that allows one request and response per session.
Private Browsing
A service offered by many browsers that deletes the browser cache and history list.
HTML Tags
A set of instructions, such as <B>, inserted into an HTML document to provide formatting and display information to a Web browser.
Plugin
A software module that adds a specific feature to a system. In the context of browsers, a plugin adds the ability to display or play various additional file formats.
Dynamic Web Page
A way of displaying data from a database as customized Web pages, which are generated as the page is sent to the browser.
Hypertext
A way of organizing a collection of documents by assigning an address to each and providing a way to link from one address to another.
Hypertext Links
Also referred to simply as links; words, phrases, or images on a Web page that, when clicked, take you to designated URLs.
World Wide Web
An Internet-based collection of linked HTML documents identified by URLs and accessed using browsers and the HTTP protocol.
Which one of the following is stored on search engine computers?
Browsing history Browser cache ~Search history Search settings
If you do not want HTML and image files from recently visited Web sites to be stored on your device, delete the browser
Cache
The concept of linking documents to each other is called
Hypertext, hypertext links, hyperlinks
Predictive Services
In the context of browsers, search engines, and the Web, the ability of software to better locate information using accumulated historical queries.
How would you summarize the security risk involved in allowing your browser to store passwords?
It is not a risk. It is a security risk and should be avoided. It is more secure to store passwords online. ~The convenience of stored passwords is worth the small risk.
What can you expect when private browsing is turned on?
It will delete all the files that arrive on my device while private browsing is on. ~It will delete the browser cache, history, and cookies when I exit private browsing mode. It will keep my Web activities hidden from advertisers and government snoopers.
Which of the following would not be considered part of the invisible Web?
Library of Congress catalog record for a book Facebook posts A syllabus in the Blackboard learning management system ~An article on CNN entertainment news
Unidirectional Links
Links between Web pages that go in one direction only, linking A to B, but not linking B back to A.
What is typically the name of the file that holds the main page for a Web site?
Main.html ~Movies.html Index.html Site.html
Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
Making modifications to a Web site to move it closer to the top of the list returned by search engines.
How many Web sites are stored on a Web server?
None One A maximum of 10 ~One or more
Which one of the following cannot be customized?
Tabs Predictive services The home page ~The Close button
Content is the main emphasis for which of the following?
The Internet ~The Web CSS URLs
What happens at the end of an HTTP session?
The Web server goes offline. The Web server asks the browser what else it needs. ~The Web server discontinues the connection with the browser. The browser forgets which Web site you are viewing.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
The address of a Web page.
Default Browser
The browser that opens automatically when clicking links from email messages or other sources.
Web Crawler
The component of a search engine that autonomously visits Web sites collecting Web page data that will be indexed and available for searching.
Query Processor
The component of a search engine that examines keywords entered by users and fetches results that match the query.
Search Engine Indexer
The component of a search engine that reviews the Web pages brought back by a crawler and creates pointers to them so that they can be quickly accessed.
HTTP Session
The connection between a Web server and a client that begins with an HTTP request and ends when the response is complete.
HTML5
The current version of HTML.
Linkrot
Web page links that no longer connect to active sites.
Short URLs
Web site addresses that have been shortened by services such as Bitly; commonly used in tweets where there is a character limit.
Invisible Web
Web sites that are not accessible to Web crawlers.
The Internet is a global data communications network, whereas the _____ is a collection of HTML documents and other linked files that are accessed using HTTP.
Web, World Wide Web, WWW
For which of the following is HTTPS least important?
When logging in ~When viewing merchandise When providing credit card details When signing up for an online service
If your browser cannot play a video, one reason might be that
your browser needs the video extension ~your browser doesn't have the necessary plugin the file is streaming the file was downloaded
What does a search engine use to rank pages before they are displayed?
~An algorithm An indexer A Web crawler The links to keywords
What does a search engine use to organize the data pertaining to Web pages?
~An indexer A query processor A Web crawler An HTML viewer
When you incorporate Web-based material in research papers, why is it not necessary to get permission from the source?
~Because the Fair Use Doctrine allows it Because the material is not copyrighted Because it is on the Web Because your school library has a deal with the content owner
Where did the term hypertext originate?
~From Ted Nelson From Microsoft From IBM None of the above
Which HTTP method does a browser use to request an HTML source document?
~GET POST HEAD OPTIONS
Which of the following would you not expect to find in a browser cache?
~Passwords Image files from Web pages Images from ads HTML documents
How does HTTPS protect data transmitted from Web pages to Web servers?
~Public key encryption Ad blocking Setting cookies Switching to a stateless protocol
Why do Web designers use dynamic Web pages?
~They are more interesting and interactive. They are more secure. They are easier to produce. They are faster than static pages.
The text for a Web page and the HTML tags is stored in
~a source document a file with a .web extension a browser all of the above
Search Engine Optimization
~helps Web sites get higher search engine rankings makes Web sites load faster blocks ads and spam is not encouraged by major search engine sites
When a Web server cannot determine if a series of requests comes from the same browser, the protocol is
~stateless a 404 error HTML
The HTML tag <h1> specifies
~the style of text used as headings the title of an HTML page the beginning of an HTML document the format for images
In the URL http://www.cnn.com/showbiz, the domain name is
CNN.com
Inline CSS
A Cascading Style Sheet that is embedded among the lines of HTML in a source document.
Today's Web uses ____ links.
Bidirectional ~Unidirectional A/B X
Most search engines keep track of users by assigning a unique ID number, which is stored in a(n) ______ on the hard disk of the user's device.
Cookie
Session Cookies
Cookies that are deleted when the browser is closed.
Browser Tabs
Graphical controls near the top of a browser window that allow users to hold open multiple Web pages and switch back and forth between them.
One of the key transport technologies for Web pages is
HTML ~HTTP BitTorrent Chrome
A Web server sends a(n) ________ ________document to a browser, which then displays it as a Web page.
HTML Source
When you use a public computer, the next person who uses it can see the Web pages you visited by looking at the ______ list
History
Sponsored Links
Links displayed by a search engine that have paid placements.
<a href> is used to create Links, hyperlinks in an HTML document.
Links, Hyperlinks
AND, OR, and NOT are examples of search
Operators
HTTP uses ______ key encryption, which requires two keys: one to encrypt data and the other to decrypt it.
Public
When you enter search terms, the search engine's _____ processor looks for the terms in the search engine's database.
Query
Dynamic Web pages are created with ______ written in languages such as PHP and JavaScript.
Scripts
A(n) ______ cookie is deleted when you close your browser.
Session
HTTP is a(n) ________ protocol, so it cannot tell if a series of sessions were initiated by a single source or multiple sources.
Stateless
When a browser request is fulfilled, the Web server sends an HTTP______code, such as 200.
Status
CSS stands for Cascading ______Sheets.
Style
A(n) ____ party cookie is not set by the domain that houses the Web page displayed by the browser.
Third
To keep track of the Web pages where you obtained information or images, you can highlight the Web page's _____ copy it, and then paste it into a list of sources. (Hint: Use the acronym.)
URL
The Head section of an HTML document contains
the title the DOCTYPE declaration the <html> declaration ~All of the above
Professional Web designers should avoid using CSS.
~inline internal external
Internal CSS
A Cascading Style Sheet that is part of an HTML document, but located in a separate area (usually the head section).
Online HTML Editor
A Web app that provides tools for creating HTML pages.
Static Web Page
A Web page that does not change once it is displayed on the screen by a browser.
External CSS
A cascading style sheet that is stored in a file separate from the HTML source document for a Web page.
First-Party Cookie
A cookie that is generated by the Web page that is shown in the browser.
A browser ________ such as AdBlock or the Merriam-Webster Online Toolbar, adds features to a browser.
Extension
HTTP Status Code
A code that is sent in reply to a HTTP command. For example, 404 is the status code for Page not Found.
Web Hosting Service
A company that offers Web server space for people or businesses that want to create Web sites.
Web Server
A computer that listens for queries from Web browsers and transmits HTML documents over the Internet.
Third-Party Cookie
A cookie that is generated by an ad or an entity other than the Web page that is shown in the browser.
Persistent Cookies
Cookies that are stored on a local device and remain there when a session ends.
A(n)_______ such as Adobe Reader, is a program that extends a browser's ability to work with file formats.
Plugin
Server-Side Scripts
Program code that is executed by a Web server in response to client data.
Client-Side Scripts
Program code that is executed by a client's browser, as opposed to being executed by the server.
A(n) ______ symbol in a URL indicates a query.
Question Mark
Local HTML Editors
Software for creating HTML pages that is stored on a local device.
Style Rules
Specifications for styles that are compiled into Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).
What is the purpose of a Web hosting service?
Storing documents offline ~Supplying a server platform for Web sites Providing Internet service Providing access to the Web
Search tTerms
The words entered into a search engine or database to form a query.
Every Web page has a unique address called a
Uniform Resource Locator.
It is important to ______ your browser to get patches for known security exploits.
Update
HTML Conversion Utility
Utility software that converts documents, spreadsheets, and databases into HTML files that can be posted on the Web.