Theoretical Perspectives - Marx
Alienated from the products of labor (2)
The product belongs to the capitalist. It becomes capitalist's private property. Now the product opposes the worker as an object over which she has no control—where and how it is sold and its price.
Marx believed that capitalism was a necessary stage in the transition toward socialism/communism.
True
Forces and relations of production
available technology to extract and develop resources and the property relations that govern ownership of resources
superstructure
cultural institutions, laws, art, religion, and so forth, that provide the ideological and political anchor for the social order
Marxist Alienation
estranged from others and social/economical institutions; alienated from institutions
Marx refers to propertyless wage earners as:
proletariat
According to the authors, Karl Marx's basic theoretical orientation would fall under the category of:
rational, collective
Which of the following is a "class" in capitalism according to Marx?
wage laborers
What term did Marx coin for a worker becoming part of the 'machine itself'?
'cog in a wheel'
What is Marx's catalyst for social change (mover of history)?
Class struggle
As discussed by the authors, Marx's basic theoretical orientation could be said to be individualist and nonrational.
False
Marx's arguments stem from his agreement with Hegel on the real basis of the progression of human societies.
False
Alienated from other human beings (fellow workers) (3)
In capitalism, cooperation is disrupted, and people, often strangers, are forced to work side by side for the capitalist. Moreover, because the worker is alienated from the process of production as well as the product of his labors, he becomes alienated from himself.
Alienated from human potential (species being) (4)
Work becomes the activity that we feel least human, least ourselves. Life activity becomes reduced to a means to exist.
alienated from labor (1)
Workers don't work to produce for themselves. They work for capitalists, who pay them a wage. Workers don't decide what to do with the product being produced. They are alienated from it.
material base
a society's technological control over, and social relations with, the means of subsistence
What term does Marx use to refer to when the process of production and the results of our labor confront us as a dominating power?
alienation
Class consciousness
an awareness of the working class of its common relationship to the means of production and common source of the workers' oppressive conditions.
Marx used the term class consciousness to refer to:
an awareness on the part of the working class of their common relationship to the means of production
Marx refers to the middle-class owners of capital as:
bourgeoisie
For Marx, which of the following is a catalyst for social change and the prime mover of history?
class struggle
Species Being (Marx)
full human, creative potential everyone wants to work to reach capitalism constrained the exercise of full human potential impossible in capitalism
Forces of production
the raw materials, technology, machines, factories, and land that are necessary in the production of goods
Marx's stages of human development
tribalism-ancient communalism-feudalism-capitalism-socialism-communism (end of history)
