Theories of Counseling

denial

"closing one's eyes" to the existence of a threatening aspect of reality

pleasure principle

(Freud) id's desire to maximize pleasure and minimize pain in order to achieve immediate gratification.

Reality principle

(Freud) the attempt by the ego to find safe, realistic ways of meeting the needs of the id

adaptive

(psychoanalysis) individual's will attempt to cope with life's demands

free association

(psychoanalysis) person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing, in order to explore the unconscious

psychosexual developmental stages

(psychoanalysis) the process during which personality and sexual behavior mature through a series of stages: first oral stage and then anal stage and then phallic stage and then latency stage and finally genital stage

ego

(psychoanalysis) the conscious mind

Object relations theory

(psychodynamic theory) desire for relationships as the key motivating force in human behavior

Existential therapy process involves 5 main themes.

- client's relationship with therapist - client reveals true self thru facing anxieties, resistance, dreams, and telling story. - client becomes aware of self - client takes responsibility for self - client brings closure to past relationships and losses

Existential Therapy: main goals (name 4)

- move toward wholeness - help client face anxiety - live more authentically - find meaning in life

in Existential Therapy, an authentic being has what qualities?

-creative -neither inherently good nor bad. -open to change -vulnerable -has hope and meaning

Existential Therapy's set techniques:

-more about how to help others than a set pattern of theory/techniques

Self Determination

A belief in existential therapy that Individuals have the capacity to govern their own lives effectively - or have the ability to transcend situations and derive meaning from all types of experiences.

Self Responsibility

A belief in existential therapy that an individual has potential to be aware of all sensations, thoughts, motivations, perceptions, & is capable of making choices because of their potential.

Persona

An individual's pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting (can be false/mask like in order to fit in)

blank-screen approach

Analysts typically assumes an anonymous stance

Determinism

Assumption of science, Behavior is caused by some event.

4 Cognitive Behavioral Approaches

Behavior therapy Cognitive behavior therapy Reality therapy Rational emotive behavior therapy

3 Experiential and Relationship-Oriented Therapies:

Existential Person-Centered Gastalt

psychic determinism

Freud's assumption that all our mental and behavioral responses are caused by unconscious traumas, desires, or conflicts

Psychoanalytic therapy is largely based on what? (name 3)

Insight unconscious motivation reconstruction of the personality

Existential (definition)

Of or relating to existence

Existential therapy takes a Phenomenological approach

One must appreciate an individual's experiences to understand their behavior

Which ONE model has been a major influence on all other formal systems of Psychotherapy?

Psychoanalytic therapy

2 Psychodynamic Approaches

Psychoanalytic therapy Adlerian therapy

Existential Therapy (What does this model stress?)

Reacting against the tendency to view therapy as a system of well-defined techniques, this model stresses BUILDING THERAPY ON THE BASIC CONDITIONS OF HUMAN EXISTENCE (such as choice, the freedom and responsibility to shape one's life, and self-determination).

Existential Therapy (What quality does this model focus on?)

This therapy model focuses on the quality of the PERSON-TO-PERSON RELATIONSHIP

Counter transference

When the therapist puts their emotional baggage on the client.

adaptability

ability to change

reaction formation

actively expressing the opposite impulse when confronted with a threatening impulse

Adlerian Theory (name focuses - hint 6: abc, img)

analytic focuses on: -ABC (Action/Behavior is Conscious) -Interest in social/belonging -Meaning -Goals

projection

attributing to others one's own unacceptable desires and impulses

Logotherapy

basic theme is to find meaning and purpose in every aspect of life (even tragedy); developed by Victor Frankl

displacement

directing energy toward another object or person when the original object or person is inaccessible

sublimation

diverting sexual or aggressive energy into other channels

Self

expression of unity of personality; An individual's awareness of his or her own personal characteristics and level of functioning.

Anoma

female aspect in collective conscious of men

psychoanalysis techniques

free association transference dream interpretation analysis of resistance/defense mechanisms

Existential approach stresses a concern for what it means to be _____________.

fully human (a concern stressed by Existential approach)

regression

going back to an earlier phase of development when there were fewer demands

identification

identifying with successful causes, organizations, or people in the hope that you will be perceived as worthwhile

goals of psychoanalysis

make unconscious conscious work thru unresolved dvlpmt tensions accurate sense of self - able to cope with stress

Animas

male aspect in collective conscious of women

rationalization

manufacturing "good" reasons to explain away a bruised ego

compensation

masking perceived weaknesses/ developing certain positive traits, to make up for limitations

Adlerian therapy accounts for present behavior by ______________.

studying childhood experiences (helps understand present behavior - adlerian therapy)

introjection

taking and "swallowing" the values and standards of others

transference

therapist becomes the object of a patient's emotional attitudes toward an important person in their life (ex: parent)

repression

threatening or painful thoughts rand feelings are excluded from awareness