THEORIES PART 2
purpose
which the nurse wants to accomplish through her actions. It encompasses all of the activities directed toward the overall good of the patient.
Nightingale's Environmental Theory
• A grand, needs-based theory that is inductively derived, abstract, and descriptive in nature
Nightingale's Environmental Theory
• Acknowledges that nursing is an art (not servile) while medicine is a science
Nightingale's Environmental Theory
• Gave emphasis on the importance of critical thinking, observation, and data collection (assessment) of their patient's health status in relation to his environment
Nightingale's Environmental Theory
• Its focus is on the patient's environment, which she believed should be manipulated by nurses to promote health and healing
Ventilation
• good ventilation in hospitals are essential for patients to inhale fresh air and have a balanced body temperature
Chattering Hopes
• nurses should pay attention to what people say about the patient, prevent conversations that make light of their illness, and tell them about good news about their health if there is any
Variety
• patients are encouraged to be exposed to different recreative activities or objects that can help relieve boredom
Light
• patients need exposure to direct sunlight
Nutrition
• patients should not be disturbed when eating and frequent, small servings of food is proven to be more beneficial for them than a large meal
Bedding
• the bed should be placed near the window, its sheets should be aired or replaced regularly, and it should not be leaned against, sat upon, or moved
Cleanliness
• the nurse should assist the patient in maintaining good hygiene, as well as it is a must for the nurse to sanitize her hands frequently
Noise
• the patients should not be awakened by whispers, conversations, and noise from garments
MICHAEL C. LEOCADIO
"Rapport if intended to make the client's and the nurse's personal and professional life better is considered therapeutic
Virginia Henderson
"The Nightingale of Modern Nursing, " "Modern-Day Mother of Nursing, " and "The 20th Century Florence Nightingale."
Dorothy Johnson
"each individual has patterned, purposeful, repetitive ways of acting that comprises a behavioral system specific to that individual."
Unfreeze
Determine what needs to change Ensure there is Strong Leadership Support Create the Need for Change Manage & Understand the Doubts & Concerns
Imogene King
Nursing, Health, Individual, Environment, Action, and Reaction
Erik Erikson
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY
Joyce Fitzpatrick
People, health, wellness
Joyce Fitzpatrick
the process of human development is characterized by rhythms that occur within the context of continuous personenvironment interaction and those nursing activities basically focus on strengthening the developmental process towards health.
Imogene King
used to guide and direct nurses in the nurse-patient relationship, going hand-in-hand with their patients to communicating information, set goals together, and then take actions to achieve those goals towards good health
Imogene King
the nurse and the patient come together, communicate, and make transactions. They set goals and work to achieve the goals they set.
Health of Houses
the physical attributes of the hospital
Refreeze
Anchor the changes into their culture Develop ways to sustain the change Provide support & Training Celebrate Successes
NURSING AS CARING
Anne Boykin & Savina Schoenhofer
Ernestine Wiedenbach
A nurse uses two types of judgment in dealing with patients: clinical and sound. Clinical judgment represents the nurse's likeliness to make sound decisions, which are based on differentiating fact from assumption and relating them to cause and effect. Sound judgment is the result of disciplined functioning of mind and emotions, and improves with expanded knowledge and increased clarity of professional purpose.
Dorothy Johnson
Attachment - maintenance of a strong bond. Ingestion - serves the broad function of appetitive satisfaction. Elimination - elimination of waste products. Dependency - dependence on others. Achievement - mastery of oneself. Sexual - procreation and gratification. Aggressive - protection and presevertion
21 Nursing Problems
Basic to all Patients Sustenal Care Remedial Care Restorative Care
Kurt Lewin
Change Theory
Change
Communicate Often Dispel Rumors Empower Action Involve People in the Process
Behavioral system model
Dorothy Johnson
The helping art of clinical nursing
Ernestine Wiedenbach
Transcultural Nursing major concepts
Ethnonursing This is the study of nursing care beliefs, values, and practices as cognitively perceived and known by a designated culture through their direct experience, beliefs, and value system (Leininger, 1979). Nursing Professional Nursing Care (Caring) Cultural Congruent (Nursing) Care Cultural congruent (nursing) care is defined as those Health Human Beings Society and Environment Worldview Cultural and Social Structure Dimensions Environmental Context Culture Culture Care Culture Care Diversity Culture Care Universality
21 NURSING PROBLEMS
Faye Glenn Abdellah
Anne Boykin & Savina Schoenhofer
Focus of nursing Nursing Situation Direct Invitation Caring Between Calls for Caring Nursing Responses of Caring Dance of Caring Persons Dance of Living Caring
Subconcepts
Generic (Folk or Lay) Care Systems Emic Professional Care Systems Etic Ethnohistory Care as a noun Care as a verb Culture Shock Cultural Imposition
21 NURSING PROBLEMS
Grand theory of human needs Utilizes the chief concepts of nursing, nursing problems, and problem solving. Practice of competent nursing care through the problem solving approach This model is progressive. Framework is based on nursing practice and individual patients. The model describes the areas of concern of nursing. Does not focus on disease-centered concepts of care
Nightingale's Environmental Theory
HUMAN · Defined in relation to their environment and the impact of the environment upon them NURSING · Assisting the patient in his recovery and preserving his health using the environment HEALTH · Being well and using every power (resource) to the fullest extent in living life ENVIRONMENT · The physical environment surrounding the human and has an influence on his health
Sub-concepts of Nightingale's Environmental Theory
HVBLNNVCCS
Joyce Fitzpatrick
Nursing metaparadigms consistently cover four areas. These are: The totality of the person or client The environment of the client Client's current level of wellness Nursing's responsibility and duty toward the clien
Life Perspective Rhythm Model
Joyce Fitzpatrick
Human-to-Human Relationship Model
Joyce Travelbee
Care, Cure, Core Theory
Lydia Hall
Therapeutic Rapport Theory in Nursing
MICHAEL C. LEOCADIO
Virginia Henderson
Need Theory
Florence Nightingale
Nightingale's Environmental Theory
The helping art of clinical nursing
Nursing is the practice of identification of a patient's need for help through: 1. observation of presenting behaviors and symptoms 2. exploration of the meaning of those symptoms with the patient 3. determining the cause(s) of discomfort, and 4. determining the patient's ability to resolve the discomfort or if the patient has a need for help from the nurse or other healthcare professionals.
Soren Kierkegaard's Extentialism and Viktor Frankl's Logotherapy.
The assumptions of Travelbee's theory were based on
Faye Glenn Abdellah
Person - having physical emotional, and emotional needs Overt (physical), Covert (emotional and social) Health - purpose of nursing services and a state mutually exclusive of illness or just basically a healthy state of mind and body Society and Environment - where the patient is from Nursing - it is a helping profession and is grouped into 21 problem areas Nursing Problems - faced by a patient in which the performance functions of a nurse can assist. Problem Solving - Scientific process
Joyce Travelbee
Person Health Environment Nursing It is defined as a human being. It is subjective and objective. It is not clearly defined. It is an interpersonal process wherein the professional nurse aid an individual and their family deal with illnesses and sufferings
Nightingale's Environmental Theory
Pure air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light were identified as the environmental factors that put the patient in the best possible condition to improve and become healthy.
Cure
The attention given to patients by medical professionals (including nurses, physicians, physical therapists and others).
Care
The care and tasks that nurses must perform to help patients.
Construct of Therapeutic Rapport
Sensing, Syncing and Affirming
Joyce Travelbee
Suffering Hope Nursing Communication Targeted Intellectual Approach
Florence Nightingale
The Founder of Modern Nursing
Ernestine Wiedenbach
The goal of nursing consists primarily of identifying a patient's need for help.
Dorothy Johnson
The human being has two major systems: the biological and behavioral systems. The role of medicine is to focus on the biological system, while nursing's focus is on the behavioral system
Ernestine Wiedenbach
The need for help is defined as "any measure desired by the patient that has the potential to restore or extend the ability to cope with various life situations that affect health and wellness." Need-for-help must be based on the individual patient's perception of his or her own situation.
Core
The patient receiving the nursing care.
Therapeutic Rapport Theory
The relationship between the nurse and the client is therapeutic. They can build trust, mutual respect, physical closeness, acceptance to each other amidst differences and unwanted circumstances and failures, and establish mutually agreed goals
Imogene King
Theory of Goal Attainment
Imogene King
There are three interacting systems. the interpersonal system, and the social system. Each system is given different concepts
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS for balance
To be protected from noxious influences. Provision of a nurturing environment. To be stimulated to enhance growth
Madeleine Leininger
Transcultural Nursing Theory or Culture Care Theory
Kurt Lewin
Unfreeze, change, refreeze
Dance of caring persons
a visual representation of the theoretical assertion that lived caring between the nurse and the nursed expresses underlying relationships.
NURSING AS CARING
all activities are ultimately directed to care for persons nursed
Imogene King
an organizing guide for nursing practice. They provide a foundational knowledge of care concepts that enable those in the profession to explain what they do for patients and the reasons for their actions. This is particularly important because it helps nurses articulate evidence that justifies the methodologies behind their practice.
Joyce Fitzpatrick
based on Martha Rogers' Theory of Unitary Human Beings. This is a complex nursing model that provides a future framework for new nursing theory to be incorporated into the theory over time.
behavioral system model
begins with an assessment and diagnosis of the patient. Once a diagnosis is made, the nurse and other healthcare professionals develop a nursing care plan of interventions and set them in motion. The process ends with an evaluation, which is based on the balance of the subsystems
practice
consists of the observable nursing actions affected by beliefs and feelings about meeting the patient's need for help.
Transcultural Nursing Theory or Culture Care Theory
defined transcultural nursing as "a substantive area of study and practiced focused on comparative cultural care (caring) values, beliefs, and practices of individuals or groups of similar or different cultures to provide culture-specific and universal nursing care practices in promoting health or well-being or to help people to face unfavorable human conditions, illness, or death in culturally meaningful ways.
Dorothy Johnson
describes the person as a behavioral system with seven subsystems: the achievement, attachment-affiliative, aggressiveprotective, dependency, ingestive, eliminative, and sexual subsystems.
Joyce Travelbee
each patient is a unique human being who deserves to be supplied with hope, drive, and meaning while dealing with their sickness.
Need Theory
emphasizes the importance of increasing the patient'sindependence and focus on the basic human needs so that progress after hospitalization would not be delayed.
The Sunrise Model
enables nurses to develop critical and complex thoughts about nursing practice. These thoughts should consider and integrate cultural and social structure dimensions in each specific context, besides nursing care's biological and psychological aspects.
Syncing
is the way, process, strategy, and goal of the nurse and the client to be in mutually coordinated, harmonious, regular, balanced and predictable relationship positive mirroring, spontaneous rhythmicality, and shared commitment
Ernestine Wiedenbach
four main elements in clinical nursing: a philosophy, a purpose, a practice, and the art. (PPPA)
Need Theory
four majorconcepts: the basic needs of the individual, the environment in which the individual lives (and its conditions), the definition of a health based on an individual's ability to function independently, and the basicconcepts of nursing carried out by the nurse in caring for the patient.
Joyce Fitzpatrick
human development is centered along with a variety of rhythms that allow humans to learn to communicate and interact with others. Nursing uses these rhythms to achieve maximum wellness for clients
Ernestine Wiedenbach
identifies the patient as "any individual who is receiving help of some kind, be it care, instruction or advice from a member of the health profession or from a worker in the field of health." A patient is any person who has entered the healthcare system and is receiving help, which means he or she does not need to be ill. A person receiving health-related education would qualify as a patient.
art
includes understanding the patient's needs, developing goals and actions intended to enhance the patient's ability, and directing the activities related to the medical plan to improve the patient's condition. The nurse's focus is also on the prevention of complications related to reoccurrence or the development of new concerns.
interpersonal system
interaction, communication, transaction, role, and stress.
Sensing
is the way, process, strategy, and goal of the nurse and the client to be sensitive and sensible to the each other. subconstructs include professional intimacy, empathic concern, shared disclosure, similarity and complementarity
Affirming
is the way, process, strategy, and goal of the nurse to create a nurturing, healing, and friendly environment where both the nurse and clients experienced positivity in the delivery and outcomes of care through a non-judgemental, accepting professional and personal health care setting. quality of nursing care, professional playground, positive health care outcomes, and unconditional positive regard
Philosophy
nurse's attitude and belief about life, and how that affects reality for him or her. The three essential components: are reverence for life; respect for the dignity, worth, autonomy, and individuality of each human being; and the resolution to act on personally and professionally held beliefs.
Transcultural Nursing
nurses can observe how a patient's cultural background is related to their health and use that knowledge to create a nursing plan that will help the patient get healthy quickly while still being sensitive to his or her cultural background
Anne Boykin & Savina Schoenhofer
nurturing persons living caring and growing in caring. As an expression of nursing, caring is the intentional and authentic presence of the nurse with another person who is recognized as living caring and growing in caring.
social system
organization, authority, power, status, and decision making.
personal system
perception, self, growth and development, body image, space, and time.
Syncing
positive mirroring spontaneous rhythmicality shared commitment
Dorothy Johnson
primary goal of nursing is to foster equilibrium in the individual patient
Sensing
professional intimacy empathic concern shared disclosure similarity and complementarity
Kurt Lewin
proposes that individuals and groups of individuals are influenced by restraining forces, or obstacles that counter driving forces aimed at keeping the status quo, and driving forces, or positive forces for change that push in the direction that causes change to happen
Affirming
quality nursing care professional playground positive health care outcomes unconditional positive regard
Joyce Travelbee
served to establish areas of concern for psychiatric mental health nurses and all nursing sectors. She is also regarded as having a significant impact on the hospice movement.
Lydia Hall
she studied how to treat the underlying chronic disease and not just the acute issues that patients face. Her efforts elevated nursing as a true profession. This theory will be applicable in assessment, planning and implementation of patient care .
Social Considerations
social contact is believed to help the sick to heal
