thursday

Distinguish between simple, aggregate and multiple fruits.

Simple fruits can contain one or more seeds, aggregate fruits from flowers with multiple female organs and multiple fruits form from many flowers that fuse together when the fruit ripens.

Ovary

Stores the eggs until they are fertilized

2 examples of aggregate fruit.

Strawberries and raspberries.

Ovules

The eggs that are stored in the ovary

What is an endosperm

The part of the seed that is a food store of the developing plant.

Describe the structure of a seed.

They contain a tiny sporophyte surrounded by protective tissue and one or more cotyledons that store or absorb food.

What is double fertilization

When two fertilizations occur in an anthophyte egg (only happens in anthophytes).

Receptacle

Where the flower attaches to the plant

Stigma

Where the pollen attaches on the pistil

anther (Stamen)

part of the male reproductive structure Holds and forms the pollen (sperm)

Filament (stamen)

part of the male reproductive structure that supports the anther

Sepals

protect the flower bud

Pistil

the female reproductive structure of the flower.

Petals

used to attract pollinators

Distinguish between complete, incomplete and imperfect flowers.

A complete flower has all four floral organs present, an incomplete flower has an organ missing, and an imperfect flower has only a stamen OR a pistil.

What are sori

Clusters of sporangia usually located on the undersides of fronds.

What does double fertilization result in

The formation of diploid and triploid tissues.

Style

tube that attaches the stigma to the ovary

What is a fruit

A plant that developed from the ovary. *

Distinguish between the different methods of seed dispersal.

Animal, wind and water dispersal.

Describe the 4 different methods of pollination.

Animal, wind or water, cross and self pollination.

How do annuals, biennial and perennials differ

Annuals only need one growing season to complete their life cycle, perennials require many years to complete their life cycle, Biennials require two years to complete their life cycle.

2 examples of simple fruit.

Apples and peaches.

Distinguish between each of the flower whorls.

Calyx (whorl of sepals), corolla (whorl of petals), androecium (whorl of stamens) and gynoecium (whorl of pistils).

What happens immediately following pollination

Fertilization

2 examples of multiple fruit.

Figs and pineapples.

Where are male gametophytes found

In the anther

Where are female gametophytes found

In the ovary

Where is pollen produced on the flower

In the stamen.

What is the purpose of a fruit

It helps disperse seeds, protect seeds, and attract animals to carry it away from the parent plant.

What is the purpose of a stigma

It is the part of the pistil where pollen germinates.

Why is double fertilization advantageous

It saves energy and resources, and no food is stored unless fertilization occurs.

Distinguish between self- and cross- pollination.

Self- pollination is when pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma of the same flower while cross- pollination is when pollen is moved to another flower's stigma.

What are the essential parts of a flower

Sepal, petal, stamen and pistil.