Tobacco and Alcohol
_____ is a chronic disease caused by blockages of the airflow to and from the lungs
asthma
steps to reduce your risk of being exposed to secondhand smoke
avoid time in places where smoking is permitted do not accept car rides from smokers ask that people smoke only outdoors increase air circulation in buildings
self-management techniques include
becoming aware and understanding why you drink avoid situations with alcohol, responding new ways, learn new strategies in dealing with stress, develop strategies for refusing alcohol
what are the three types of drinks
beer - 12 oz - 5% wine - 5 oz - 11 - 18% liquor - 1.5 oz - 40%
memory loss
blacking out
when vasopressin is not present liquids go straight to the ___ and expelled through the
bladder urinary tract
tobacco use increases a person's risk for developing a number of major health problems, including _____ of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, lung, and bladder
cancers
cigarette smoke contains high levels of _____, a poisonous gas
carbon monoxide
many health problems result from damage to _____ and_____ systems caused by harmful substances in tobacco products
cardiovascular and respiratory
______ controls movement and balance
cerebellum
in the ____ which controls thought processing and consciousness, alcohol reduces the brain's ability to process information that is seen or heard
cerebral cortex
____ is a plant used for the production of tobacco-related products, such as cigarettes and chewing tobacco
tobacco
____ develops when the body needs greater amounts of a substance to experience the effects it felt when a lesser amount was used
tolerance
______ is a disease that causes the airways in the lungs to become permanently enlarged
emphysema
active ingredient in alcohol
ethanol
stages of substance abuse
experimentation regular tolerance addiction/dependence
true or false because of health risks the use of e-cigs is approved by the food and drug administration, the American cancer society, and the American heart association
false
true or false not all cigarette packs and advertisements have warning labels
false
environmental factors include
family, friends, media
nicotine can change the walls of the blood vessels, which make it easier for _____ substances such as _____ to build up in the arteries which restricts the ease of blood transportation overtime this buildup increases the risk of a ____ or ____
fatty cholesterol heart attack or stroke
people who start drinking before 15 are ___ times more likely to develop alcohol dependence
five
smokers are seen as
gross
other strategies for quitting smoking
group support talk to someone call a telephone research online
nicotine replacements include
gum, nicotine patch, E-cigs,
more than ___ the people who have had a heart attack or surgery from lung cancer continue to smoke
half
as the speed and pressure of blood flow increases, the _____ works harder to pump blood faster around the body
heart
the cardiovascular system includes the
heart and blood transportation system in your body
smokers have a higher risk of developing ____ and ______
heart disease and hypertension
in the ____ and _____, which control the release of hormone, alcohol use may increase sexual arousal but decrease the ability to perform sexually
hypothalamus and pituitary gland
smoking leads to a weakened
immune system
what is a good way to decrease the amount of smokers
increase taxes
two types of dependence
physical and psychological
_____ occurs when the body relies on having a certain amount of a substance present in the body to function "normally"
physical dependence
teenage who drink alcohol are at risk for health problems including
physical problems, school problems, family and social problems, and legal problems
alcoholics are _____ addicted
physically
when a pregnant lady inhales smoke it passes through the _____ and the immediate impact is an increased ___ rate and reduction in the amount of ____ the fetus receives
placenta to the fetus heart oxygen
a woman will have a higher BAC than a man even if they weigh the same true or false
true
most college students believe that there is too much alcohol on campus true or false
true
the influence of peers who some is stronger than the influence of family members who smoke true or false
true
true or false the majority of teens who smoke become adults who regularly smoke
true
true or false both high school and college students show that most teenagers do not drink and wish there was less drinking in their environment
true
true or false most teenagers do not view smokers as popular or cool and surveys have found that teenagers see smokers as unhealthy, foolish, poor performers in class
true
true or false people who binge drink so permanent changes in the brain, such as problems with memory and learning
true
true or false people who smoke also increase their risk of developing heart disease, stroke, emphysema, bronchitis, and respiratory infections
true
true or false those who smoke have a higher risk factor for developing diabetes, colorectal and liver cancers, vision loss, tuberculosis, and arthritis and they have a higher risk for minor health problems as well
true
lung cancer occur when abnormal cells in one or both lungs grow rapidly and form a mass of cells, which is called a
tumor
smokers are also ____ as likely to die from a ____ as nonsmokers
twice heart attack
when alcohol reaches the brain it causes the pituitary gland to stop producing the hormone called ____ , which helps the body
vasopressin reabsorb liquids
as of 2010, the US banned the sale of cigarettes in ____ except in establishments where people younger than 18 are not allowed
vending machines
_____ causes people to believe that they need the substance to feel "normal"
psychological dependence
problem drinkers are ______ dependent and not ______ addicted
psychologically physically
first step to alcohol recovery is for the person to
recognize he or she has a problem
what skills can help you prepare for and respond to situations that may involve tobacco use
refusal, literacy, and critical thinking
what metabolizes alcohol
the liver
why do women have a higher BAC
they have more fat and lower amount of muscle and they need the muscle issues to absorb alcohol lower levels of a particular enzyme in the stomach
BAC is influenced by
weight, gender, how much alcohol consumed, how much food consumed, ethnicity
binge drinking for men and women
women - 4-5 men - 5-6
people who smoke for at least 10 years show more _____ because
wrinkled the smaller blood vessels don't allow oxygen to reach the skin
can tobacco interfere with eating by changing the shape of taste buds
yes
does alcohol slow down the central nervous system
yes
does regularly inhaling air pollution also contribute to bronchitis as well
yes
does tar disrupt the ability of the cilia to effectively clear the lungs
yes
is alcoholism recognized as a disease
yes
is it true that all forms of tobacco use are associated with addiction and serious health consequences?
yes
many states follow a _____ for people younger than 21 years of age coughing with any level of alcohol in their system
zero tolerance policy
extreme levels of alcohol consumption - meaning a BAC of ___ or higher - can lead to permanent ____ and ____
.04 brain damage and death
for people 21 years and older the legal maximum is
.08
people who have a BAC of ____ or above are considered legally impaired
.08
the liver can process between ___ and ___ ounces of alcohol every hour
.25 and .50
mothers who smoke during pregnancy give their children a higher risk for
SIDS
respiratory system's primary function is to enable ____ explain
breathing the nose takes in air and the nose, bronchial tubes, and runs are all lined with tissue containing fine, hair-like projections called cilia, which traps and moves foreign particles away. air then travels into tubes and into the lungs
well-known alcohol support group
AA
some medications simulate ____, a chemical in the brain that leads people to experience the same type of effects caused by nicotine use
dopamine
a substance is a
drug
to prevent alcohol abuse become ____ and develop ___ skills
educated refusal
viewing pictures of peers drinking is an indirect form of
peer pressure
as smoke passes through the bronchial tubes, ___ builds up in the lungs
tar
the burning of tobacco produces a residue known as ___
tar
when experts talk about drinks they are talking about any drink that contains
0.6 ounces of pure alcohol
in the US over ____ drivers are arrested for driving under the influence
1.4 million
over ____ people die each year in alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes
10,000
underage drinkers account for ___ of all alcohol consumed in the US
11%
regular drinkers have had at least ___ drinks in the past year
12
on average long-term smokers die ___ to __ years earlier than nonsmokers
13 to 15
how old do you have to be to buy cigarettes `
18
drinking age
21
smoking costs society an estimated ___ a year in healthcare costs
289 billion
about ____ of victims of some type of violent attack report that the person who assaulted them is under the influence
35%
Every day in the United States nearly ____people younger than ___ smoke their first cigarette
4,000 18
about ____ of the people who have had a laryngectomy continue to smoke
40%
how many Americans die every year due to tobacco
480,000
up to ____ of people who are Asian have difficulty metabolizing alcohol
50%
tobacco smoke contains over ____ carcinogens, or cancer-causing agents
70
a medication that can be used to stop drinking
Antabuse (goal is to associate alcohol with feeling sick)
______ refers to a group of diseases that make it more difficult to breathe
COPD
when nicotine enters your bloodstream its presence triggers the reals of the hormone ____, a _____ this triggers an increase in
adrenaline stimulant heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure
emphysema destroys the sacs of ___ that make up lung tissue (alveoli) which is where oxygen and carbon dioxide are traded the destruction of the ____, makes it more difficult to breathe and then people have to bring faster to get more oxygen which burdens the ______
air alveoli heart
leading consequence of binge drinking is
alcohol poisoning
what is the third leading lifestyle related cause of death in the US and the third leading cause of disease and injury worldwide
alcohol use
problem drinking can lead to
alcoholism
______ is an ongoing condition in which the bronchial tubes become swollen and irritated
chronic bronchitis
most smokers who develop COPD have a combination of _____ and _____
chronic bronchitis and emphysema
other methods of tobacco include
cigars, pipes, hookahs, smokeless tobacco, and electronic cigarettes
banned the sale of all candy and fruit flavored
cigs
___ is one of the 15v leading causes fo death in the US
cirrhosis
nicotine can cause the blood vessels to ______ and the heart must work harder to pump blood through increasingly ____ vessels
constrict narrow
____ occurs when the body relies on the presence of an addictive substance in the system to function "normally" or feel "normal"
dependence
alcohol is a
depressant
one of the first steps in recovery for all alcoholics is
detoxification
ways the government prevents alcoholism
increasing taxes, not selling it in grocery or convenience stores, limits on alcohol advertisements
when a person with asthma inhales smoke the lining of the airways becomes ____ which an cause an
irritated asthma attack
drinking effects a person's ____
judgment
smoking leads to reduced
lung capacity
smokeless tobacco users are less likely to get _____ but more likely to develop ____, a condition characterized by thickened, white, leathery, spots on the inside of the mouth this can develop into ____
lung problems leukoplakia oral cancer
the ___ controls automatic functions in the body, such as breathing and consciousness
medulla
who are considered to be regular drinkers more
men and college graduates
bring drinking is more common in ___ and ___
men and younger adults
people who feel less influenced by alcohol may drink even ____
more
smoking causes the ____ membrane in the lungs' bronchial passages to become _____, which ___ the pathway to the lungs this makes it increasingly difficult for the lungs to take in enough ____ ,which is why people with bronchitis often experience ___ spells and have difficulty catching their ____
mucous inflamed, narrows oxygen coughing and breath
when alcohol reaches the brain it changes the level of chemicals called
neurotransmitters
____ is an addictive toxic substance that gives tobacco products their addictive quality
nicotine
since smokeless tobacco is often placed directly in the mouth, users of these products actually absorb even more ____
nicotine
tobacco leaves contain the chemical ____
nicotine
harmful substances in tobacco include
nicotine, carbon monoxide, tar, and carcinogens
can tobacco be advertised as a positive thing
no
immune system consists of
organs, tissues, and cells that defend itself from disease-causing agents
when inhaled, carbon monoxide interferes with the ability of blood cells to carry ____, thus reducing the amount of ___ in the blood and the amount of ____ that reaches the heart
oxygen
refers to tobacco smoke you are exposed to in the environment
secondhand smoke
people who quit smoking experience withdrawal systems for ____
several weeks and even months or even years
what is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States
smoking
another name for quitting smoking
smoking cessation
the most common method of using tobacco is
smoking cigarettes
forms of smokeless tobacco include
snuff, snus, and dissolvable tobacco, chewing tobacco
self-management strategies involve two techniques
stimulus control response substitution
when someone consumes alcohol it passes from the _____ to the ____
stomach to the small intestine
____ is the use of a drug or intentional misuse of prescription medication that causes harmful effects
substance abuse