today is my birthday

A container holds 100 atoms of an isotope. This isotope has a half-life of 1.5 months. How many atoms of the radioactive isotope will be in the container after 3 months? 25 atoms 33 atoms 50 atoms 100 atoms

25 atoms

Spanning over 90% of Earth's history, the Precambrian witnessed which of the following events? Creation of oceans, photosynthesis, BIFs, primitive ozone layer, and single-celled organisms Creation of oceans, iron-rich atmosphere, stromatolites, primitive ozone layer, and single-celled organisms Oceans, stromatolites, oxygen-rich atmosphere, soft-bodied animals, and the Acasta Gneiss Volcanic action, tectonic plate movement, photosynthesis, hard-bodied organisms, and stromatolites

Creation of oceans, photosynthesis, BIFs, primitive ozone layer, and single-celled organisms

Five layers of rock are cut by two faults. Both faults cut through all five layers of rock. Fault A breaks through to the surface, whereas fault B does not. Which of the following statements about faults A and B is most accurate? Fault A is younger than fault B, and both are older than the five layers of rock. Fault A is younger than fault B, and both are younger than the five layers of rock. Faults A and B are about the same age, and both are older than the five layers of rock. Faults A and B are about the same age, and both are younger than the five layers of rock.

Faults A and B are about the same age, and both are younger than the five layers of rock.

What is the principle of cross-cutting relationships? Geologic features that cut through rocks must form at roughly the same time as the rocks that they cut through. Geologic features that cut through rocks must form after the rocks that they cut through. Geologic features that cut through rocks must form before the rocks that they cut through.

Geologic features that cut through rocks must form after the rocks that they cut through.

From most recent to the distant past, rank these tectonic events: (a) formation of the Appalachian Mountains, (b) formation of Gondwanaland, (c) formation of Pangaea, (d) formation of the Gulf of California.

Gulf of Mexico, Pangaea, Appalachian Mountains, Gondwanaland

In sequential order, from first to last, list the following events: (a) formation of the Gulf of California, (b) formation of the Himalayas, (c) carving of the Grand Canyon, (d) birth of the San Andreas fault.

Himalayas, Gulf of California, San Andreas Fault, Grand Canyon

What consequences resulted from the formation of Pangaea - with all landmasses joined together? Lowering of sea level, submerged continental shelf, pole-to-pole glaciation, Permian extinction Rise of sea level, loss of continental shelf, drowning of shallow marine organisms, Permian extinction Rise of sea level, widespread glaciation, exposure of continental shelf, Permian extinction Lowering of sea level, exposure of continental shelf, loss of shallow marine habitat, Permian extinction

Lowering of sea level, exposure of continental shelf, loss of shallow marine habitat, Permian extinction

List the following Precambrian highlights from first to last: (a) stromatolites, (b) formation of the Moon, (c) primitive ozone layer, (d) formation of the oceans.

Moon, Oceans, Stromatolites, Ozone Layer

What happens during radioactive decay? Energy turns into daughter isotopes. Daughter isotopes turn into energy. Parent isotopes turn into energy. Parent isotopes turn into daughter isotopes. Daughter isotopes turn into parent isotopes

Parent isotopes turn into daughter isotopes

Rank the following from most to least devastating: (a) Ordovician, (b) Permian, (c) Cretaceous, (d) Pleistocene.

Permian, Cretaceous, Ordovician, Pleistocene

Rank, from oldest to most recent, the following time periods: (a) Cretaceous, (b) Jurassic, (c) Triassic, (d) Tertiary, (e) Permian.

Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary

Going from the most recent episode of glaciation to the oldest episode, rank the time periods: (a) late Precambrian, (b) Pleistocene, (c) early Permian, (d) Ordovician

Pleistocene, Early Permian, Ordovician, late Precambian

Which of the following statements about relative and absolute age dating is most accurate? Which of the following statements about relative and absolute age dating is most accurate? Relative age dating places rocks and events in chronological order but does not provide information about absolute age. Relative age dating provides information about absolute ages but does not place rocks and events in chronological order. Relative age dating does not provide information about absolute ages, nor does it place rocks and events in chronological order. Relative age dating places rocks and events in chronological order and can provide information about absolute age.

Relative age dating places rocks and events in chronological order but does not provide information about absolute age.

What were some key consequences from the break-up of Pangaea? Rise of sea level, increase of shallow marine habitat, species diversification, climate change - mild and warm Rise of sea level, decrease of shallow marine habitat, species diversification, climate change - mild and warm Lowering of sea level, decrease of shallow marine habitat, increased species extinction, climate change - mild and warm Lowering of sea level, increase of shallow marine habitat, species diversification, climate change - increased glaciation

Rise of sea level, increase of shallow marine habitat, species diversification, climate change - mild and warm

What is the principle of original horizontality? Metamorphic rocks are close to horizontal when deposited. Sedimentary rocks are close to horizontal when deposited. Metamorphic rocks are close to horizontal when eroded. Sedimentary rocks are close to horizontal when eroded.

Sedimentary rocks are close to horizontal when deposited.

In sequential order, from first to last, rank these life forms: (a) reptiles, (b) age of fishes, (c) swamp lands, (d) terrestrial life, (e) vertebrates, (f) shelled organisms

Shelled Organisms, Vertebrates, Terrestrial Life, Fishes, Swamp Lands. Reptiles

A fault (F) breaks three layers of sedimentary rock (S). An igneous intrusion (I1) has broken through the bottommost layer of rock. A second igneous intrusion (I2) has moved up the fault and pooled on top of the uppermost layer of rock. Which event would be considered the youngest? The intrusion of I2 is the youngest event. We can know this because I2 sits on top of all other rocks. Faulting of rock along F is the youngest event. We know this because all three layers of sedimentary rock have been broken. Deposition of the three sedimentary layers, S, is the youngest event. We know this because the fault underlies the igneous rocks. The intrusion of I1 or I2 is the youngest event. Without more information, we cannot know which igneous rock is youngest.

The intrusion of I1 or I2 is the youngest event. Without more information, we cannot know which igneous rock is youngest.

Two containers hold the same radioactive isotope. Container A contains 1000 atoms, and container B contains 500 atoms. Which of the following statements about containers A and B is true? The rate of decay of atoms in container B is the same as the rate of decay of atoms in container A. The rate of decay of atoms in container A is greater than the rate of decay of atoms in container B. The rate of decay of atoms in container B is greater than the rate of decay of atoms in container A.

The rate of decay of atoms in container A is greater than the rate of decay of atoms in container B.

What is the principle of superposition? Within a sequence of rock layers formed at Earth's surface, rock layers in the middle of a sequence are older. Within a sequence of rock layers formed at Earth's surface, rock layers higher in the sequence are older. Within a sequence of rock layers formed at Earth's surface, rock layers lower in the sequence are older.

Within a sequence of rock layers formed at Earth's surface, rock layers lower in the sequence are older.

To match various rock outcrops over a large area, geologists use the principle of _______. uncomformities lateral continuity original inclusions faunal succession

lateral continuity

What does the term unconformity mean? What does the term unconformity mean? a missing rock layer in a sequence that represents a period of deposition an extra rock layer that represents a period of deposition an extra rock layer that represents a period of erosion a missing rock layer in a sequence that represents a period of erosion or nondeposition

missing rock layer in a sequence that represents a period of erosion or non deposition

With radiometric dating, scientists measure the _______. decay of radioactive carbon half-life of a daughter material compared to the decay product radioactive decay of half-lives ratio of a radioactive isotope (parent material) to its decay product (daughter material)

ratio of a radioactive isotope (parent material) to its decay product (daughter material)

The geologic time scale is based on changes in the fossil record. A representation of life forms in order from the Precambrian to the Cenozoic could be mammals, dinosaurs, trilobites, fishes, and stromatolites trilobites, fishes, ferns, dinosaurs, mammals, and humans stromatolites, trilobites, fishes, dinosaurs, and mammals stromatolites, dinosaurs, trilobites, ferns, fishes, and mammals

stromatolites, trilobites, fishes, dinosaurs, and mammals

During the Precambrian, accumulation of free oxygen in the atmosphere led to the formation of _______. the oceans, where life emerged O2 for terrestrial plant growth ozone, O3, which primitive organisms could breathe ozone, O3, which reduced incoming UV radiation reaching Earth's surface

ozone, O3, which reduced incoming UV radiation reaching Earth's surface

Tectonic activity during the Cenozoic includes formation of _______. the Gulf of Mexico and San Andreas fault a subduction zone between the Pacific Plate and the North and South American plates a rift zone between North America and Africa the Appalachian Mountains

the Gulf of Mexico and San Andreas fault

What is the scientific definition of half-life? the amount of time over which the number of parent isotopes decreases by half the amount of time over which the number of daughter isotopes increases by half the number of daughter isotopes that will be gained during a single radioactive decay event the number of parent isotopes that will be lost during a single radioactive decay event

the amount of time over which the number of parent isotopes decreases by half

Which principle of relative age dating is important for determining the relative age of igneous rock that has intruded into overlying rock? the principle of original horizontality the principle of superposition the principle of intrusive relationships the principle of cross-cutting relationships

the principle of cross-cutting relationships

The geologic time scale is based on _______. eons, eras, periods, and epochs changes in life forms the refinement of rock ages determined by radiometric dating the relative ages of rock layers and their fossils

the relative ages of rock layers and their fossils

Relative dating does not tell the actual date of rock formation, it tells the _______. general time period a rock formed relationship of when, where, and how the rock formed time in comparison to radiometric dates time of rock formation in relation to other events in Earth's past

time in comparison to radiometric dates

A container holds 100 atoms of an isotope. This isotope has a half-life of 1.5 months. How many total atoms will be in the container after 3 months? 100 atoms 50 atoms 33 atoms 25 atoms

100 atoms

A rock sample contains 75 atoms of a parent isotope and 25 atoms of a daughter isotope. The half-life of the parent isotope is 100 years. How old is this rock? 25 years old 50 years old 75 years old 100 years old

50 years old

What characteristic most directly DISTINGUISHES an angular unconformity from a nonconformity? What characteristic most directly DISTINGUISHES an angular unconformity from a nonconformity? Angular unconformities separate rock layers along nonparallel surfaces. Conformities represent missing rock layers. Angular unconformities represent missing time, whereas nonconformities do not. Nonconformities separate two different rock types, whereas angular unconformities form only between strata of the same rock type. Nonconformities separate parallel rock layers of the same rock type.

Angular unconformities separate rock layers along nonparallel surfaces.