Toxicity and Toxins

False

About a century ago, cholera disappeared in the US and has not reappeared since

Toxic Factors

Age Exercise/Stress Health Status Interactions with other agents

Toxic factors

Almost anything can be toxic, depending on the dose Dose= Concentration X Time

Hazardous substance

Any chemical regulated under one of multiple government acts, such as the Clean Water Act

Lead

Can enter the blood stream and affect the body Affect breast milk, cause stillbirths, lower sperm counts and infertility

Toxic Substances

Can produce bodily injury (reversible or irreversible) Can cause tumors, neoplastic effects, or cancer Can cause reproductive errors such as mutations

PCBs

Chemically inert, nonflammable fluid Used in tvs, light fixtures, etc Banned because they are extremely biologically persistent

Answer this

Define the factors associated with emerging infectious diseases and why these come about

Answer this

Define the term "emerging infectious diseases"

What happens when exposed to a toxin:

Depends on: The properties of the chemical (biotransformation) The Concentration (bioaccumulation)

Lead

Has found its way onto nearly every continent and into the flesh of most beings Used in society for pipes, paints, pottery, gas, cosmetics

How are toxic and hazardous substances different?

In order for a toxic substance to cause harm, it must be in the correct form (solid, liquid, gas, etc) to get into your body and cause you harm

Toxic substances can enter the body through:

Inhalation Ingestion Skin absorption/contact Mucous membranes Injection

The most prevalent environmental exposures to lead are from what?

Lead paint from older homes

Answer this

List factors responsible for emerging infectious diseases

Mesothelioma

Lung cancer specific to asbestosis

Inorganic mercury

Mad Hatter's Disease was caused by which of the following?

Contaminated fish

Mass poisoning from mercury has occurred from ingesting what?

True

Pests are those animals and plants that are unwanted by humans

True

Polychlorinated biphenyls were widely used in industry and are extremely stable compounds that do not degrade easily

Toxic Substances

Produce irritation of mucous membranes Cause reduction in mental capability Alter behavior or cause death

Asbestosis

Scarring of lung tissue

Answer this

Summarize the environmental exposure to lead among the residents of Flint, Michigan

Mercury

Three forms (organic, elemental, inorganic) Used in things like batteries

Why is toxic research lacking?

We can only test 1 chemical at a time Animal testing is expensive and does not properly portray human health Direct studies on humans is unethical

Respiratory

What is the route of entry into the human body for asbestos?

Asbestos

Widely used in products Exposure can trap tiny fibers deep in the lungs Smokers more likely to be infected

Answer this

With regards to environmental exposure to toxic substances, what is the difference between exposure hazard and risk?

Lead

You can breathe it in as dust; it'll find its way into your lungs or stomach You can absorb it in your skin when organic, such as gasoline