Toxicity and Toxins
False
About a century ago, cholera disappeared in the US and has not reappeared since
Toxic Factors
Age Exercise/Stress Health Status Interactions with other agents
Toxic factors
Almost anything can be toxic, depending on the dose Dose= Concentration X Time
Hazardous substance
Any chemical regulated under one of multiple government acts, such as the Clean Water Act
Lead
Can enter the blood stream and affect the body Affect breast milk, cause stillbirths, lower sperm counts and infertility
Toxic Substances
Can produce bodily injury (reversible or irreversible) Can cause tumors, neoplastic effects, or cancer Can cause reproductive errors such as mutations
PCBs
Chemically inert, nonflammable fluid Used in tvs, light fixtures, etc Banned because they are extremely biologically persistent
Answer this
Define the factors associated with emerging infectious diseases and why these come about
Answer this
Define the term "emerging infectious diseases"
What happens when exposed to a toxin:
Depends on: The properties of the chemical (biotransformation) The Concentration (bioaccumulation)
Lead
Has found its way onto nearly every continent and into the flesh of most beings Used in society for pipes, paints, pottery, gas, cosmetics
How are toxic and hazardous substances different?
In order for a toxic substance to cause harm, it must be in the correct form (solid, liquid, gas, etc) to get into your body and cause you harm
Toxic substances can enter the body through:
Inhalation Ingestion Skin absorption/contact Mucous membranes Injection
The most prevalent environmental exposures to lead are from what?
Lead paint from older homes
Answer this
List factors responsible for emerging infectious diseases
Mesothelioma
Lung cancer specific to asbestosis
Inorganic mercury
Mad Hatter's Disease was caused by which of the following?
Contaminated fish
Mass poisoning from mercury has occurred from ingesting what?
True
Pests are those animals and plants that are unwanted by humans
True
Polychlorinated biphenyls were widely used in industry and are extremely stable compounds that do not degrade easily
Toxic Substances
Produce irritation of mucous membranes Cause reduction in mental capability Alter behavior or cause death
Asbestosis
Scarring of lung tissue
Answer this
Summarize the environmental exposure to lead among the residents of Flint, Michigan
Mercury
Three forms (organic, elemental, inorganic) Used in things like batteries
Why is toxic research lacking?
We can only test 1 chemical at a time Animal testing is expensive and does not properly portray human health Direct studies on humans is unethical
Respiratory
What is the route of entry into the human body for asbestos?
Asbestos
Widely used in products Exposure can trap tiny fibers deep in the lungs Smokers more likely to be infected
Answer this
With regards to environmental exposure to toxic substances, what is the difference between exposure hazard and risk?
Lead
You can breathe it in as dust; it'll find its way into your lungs or stomach You can absorb it in your skin when organic, such as gasoline