TR Models
TR Outcome Model
Aligns with the Service Model Purpose: maintain or improve health status, quality of life, and functional capabilities through specifically designed recreation Goal: to assist client in achieving the highest possible level of health and well-being through leisure and non-leisure, leisure will only be experienced if client perceives the intervention as leisure 3 Components: Functional capacities/potential, health status/wellness, quality of life 6 Domains: Mental/Cognitive, Physical, Psychological/Emotional, Spiritual, Social, Leisure
Leisure and well being model
Defines well being as the overarching end goal of TR, and it is achieved by building on strengths To meet this goal 2 things are necessary: increased positive emotion and expression of one's full potential Enhancing leisure experience emphasizes how both the "doing" of the leisure and the quality of the leisure contribute to achieving well-being The quality of leisure is by providing choices, achieving intrinsic motivation, and being fully engaged End goal: for TR professionals to promote their clients to create their best lives possible
Flourishing Through Leisure Model
Focus on: -Environmental contribution to well-being -environmental change within an individual -Use a strength based approach Purpose: increase leisure experience, strengths, and resources both within the client and in their environment; it is driven by goals, aspirations, and dreams of the client Encompasses 5 dimensions of well-being: -Psychological/Emotional -Cognitive -Social -Physical -Spiritual Outcomes: -Leisure is used to enhance well-being -When leisure is enhanced, other strengths enhance -Creating an environment where the client's goals, dreams, and aspirations have been furthered
Leisure Ability Model
Played a significant role in the development of the TR field 3 major categories of service: -Treatment (physical, mental, emotional, social) -Leisure education (leisure awareness, social interaction, leisure activity skills, leisure resources) -Recreation participation
Aristotelian Good Life Model
Purpose: help client achieve good life through promoting individual freedom and responsibility, hope to reach a state of eudemonia 4 aspects: Affliction and oppressions (wrong desires and apparent goods), Aristotelian goods, freedom and responsibility, progression of CTRS role Components: -CTRS should provide activities that assist client in fulfilling primary goods -CTRS will go through APIE process and understand values of client -Assist client in identifying activities that will bring them happiness -If client is enjoying their time, they will be able to give meaning to their life Outcomes: -Primary goods give way to secondary goods -Reach summon bonum -Overcome affliction and oppression -Freedom increases -Gain a greater responsibility to self, family, and community
TRAM model
Purpose: one way to depict the documentation used by CTRS in demonstrating accountability for services Depicts major decision points in the total programming process Designed to help CTRS's conceptualize the connections between different tasks in the delivery of service to clients Service components: -Comprehensive and specific program design -Activity analysis, selection, and modification -Protocols -Assessment plan -Intervention programs and client documentation -Program evaluation/program outcomes -Client evaluation/client outcomes Quality improvement and efficacy research
Service Delivery Model
Purpose: through participation in intervention and/or leisure experience, the client feels confident and seeks to achieve his/her acquired goals 4 Components: 1. Diagnosis / Needs Assessment 2. Treatment / Rehabilitation of a problem or need 3. Education 4. Prevention / Health Promotion Client feels confident and seeks to achieve his/her acquired goals Client perceives experience to be leisure or non-leisure Outcomes: fulfillment, satisfaction, mastery, well-being Community setting is best
Health Protection/Health Promotion
Purpose: to guide clients in self-directing their leisure experiences in order to reach their full potential in health and well-being Concepts: -Humanistic perspective: every client can make a positive change in their life by taking responsibility for their health and making healthy choices -High level wellness: level of functioning that enables a person to reach their full potential capable within the environment they are functioning -Stabilization and actualization tendencies: service components -Health: more than absence of illness, ability to cope with life stressors and reach full potential Service components: -Prescriptive activities -Recreation -Leisure -Actualization tendency -Stability tendency
Self determination and enjoyment model
Useful when breaking down the APIE process Goal: for the client to enjoy the intervention and continue this activity beyond the sessions with CTRS Self determination: involves autonomy, flexibility and ability to choose options, and ability to adjust to situations Intrinsic motivation: interest, excitement, and relaxation provide reinforcement for activities by increasing or decreasing arousal to an optimal level Perception of manageable challenge: challenge being presented with the perception of their ability to meet the challenge Investment of attention: attention becomes ordered and fully invested when goals are clear, feedback is relevant, and challenge and skill are balanced Enjoyment: the state or process of taking pleasure in something Functional improvements: improvement associated with physical, emotional, social, and cognitive functioning
