Traditions and Encounters Chapter 32: The Building of Global Empires

Cecil Rhodes was A) the British military leader who was responsible for a boom in naval expansion. B) the American politician who articulated the belief in manifest destiny. C) responsible for the philosophy known as social Darwinism. D) the first leader of an independent Canada. E) a leading British imperialist active in south Africa.

E

Colonial rule dramatically altered the environment in which of the following places? A) India, due to tea production B) Ceylon, due to tea production C) Malaya, due to rubber production D) Sumatra, due to rubber production E) All these answers are correct.

E

Proponents of "scientific racism" argued that A) race could be biologically defined and characterized. B) western dominance was justified on the basis on racial superiority. C) the theories of Charles Darwin supported world dominance by the "fittest" races. D) people of European descent were morally superior to other races. E) All these answers are correct.

E

The "Great Game" refers to the A) British and French rivalry for control of India. B) German conflict with the British and French for control of Africa. C) U.S. view of their easy victory in the Spanish-American War. D) Japanese and Chinese contest for domination of Manchuria. E) Russian contest with Britain for central Asia.

E

The Berlin West Africa Conference in 1884-1885 established A) the procedures for purchasing African lands from local rulers. B) the rules of military engagement for European forces overseas. C) that the Americas were off-limits for further European colonization. D) that Africa would be carved into spheres of influence similar to those of China. E) that, if a European power indicated its intention to colonize and then proceeded to occupy an African territory, it could claim that colony.

E

The Mughal dynasty fell primarily because A) the state had been weakened by conflicts during the reign of Aurangzeb. B) the East India Company established powerful, coastal trading forts. C) British merchants gained access to interior territories. D) the sepoy mutiny failed to drive the British out of India. E) All these answers are correct.

E

The United States acquired Hawai`i by A) secretly sponsoring a rebellion against the Hawaiian monarchy. B) means of a purchase treaty with the Hawaiian people. C) seizing the islands by force in order to obtain a naval base in the Pacific. D) purchasing the islands from Spain in the wake of the Spanish-American War. E) annexing the islands after American planters had overthrown the monarchy.

E

The scramble for Pacific island colonies in the late nineteenth century was motivated by A) the desire for tropical produce. B) the need to defend the whaling industry. C) concerns about Japanese expansion to nearby islands. D) the desire for strategic ports and refueling stations in the Pacific Ocean. E) All these answers are correct.

E

Under British imperial rule, India was governed A) as a private colony of Queen Victoria. B) as an independent sovereign state, but subject to British authority in foreign affairs. C) as the private domain of the East India Company. D) by a viceroy working in collaboration with Indian princes. E) with British bureaucrats and officers overseeing Indian civil servants.

E

Which of the following improved communication between India and Britain? A) completion of the Suez Canal B) use of steamships C) invention of the telegraph D) laying of submarine cables E) All these answers are correct.

E

Japanese imperial expansion in the late nineteenth century was primarily motivated by A) the need for land for settlement by a growing population. B) the desire to spread Buddhism to other lands. C) resentment at the unequal treaties forced on them by the United States. D) a long-standing rivalry between China and Japan. E) All these answers are correct.

C

Panama was supported in its uprising against Colombia by U.S. president A) Grover Cleveland. B) William Howard Taft. C) Theodore Roosevelt. D) William McKinley. E) Woodrow Wilson.

C

The Battle of Omdurman clearly demonstrated that A) Europeans were morally superior to Africans. B) Japan had become a major world power. C) European troops with modern weapons could subdue a vast native army. D) Britain had fallen behind Germany by the end of the nineteenth century. E) None of these answers is correct.

C

One social goal of the British authorities in India was to A) abolish the caste system. B) ensure Indians drank tea so that they could profit from its export. C) convert the local population to Christianity. D) establish English-style schools for children of Indian elites. E) None of these answers is correct.

D

Which of the following is NOT true about the settlement of Australia? A) The British defined the continent as land belonging to no one. B) The first settlers were mostly convicts, banished from Britain. C) Smallpox and measles reduced the aboriginal populations by 86 percent. D) Australia became a multicultural society, drawing settlers from all over the Pacific. E) Settlement increased significantly after the discovery of gold.

D

Which of the following was NOT an economic motivation for imperialism? A) Cheap raw materials from overseas colonies were needed to sustain industrialization. B) Overseas colonies offered markets for manufactured goods. C) Overseas colonies offered a haven for the settlement of surplus populations. D) European and American industry needed more sources of coal. E) None of these is correct, as all were economic motives for imperialism.

D

British rule undermined the Indian cotton industry by A) undercutting the cost of Indian cloth with cheap British textiles. B) forbidding the manufacture of cotton cloth in India. C) imposing tariffs on cotton cloth imported into India. D) imposing tariffs on cotton cloth shipped from India to Britain. E) means of the monopolistic practices of the East India Company.

A

One striking difference between the British and the French imperial models in Africa is that A) the British preferred to use local institutions to control subject populations. B) the French preferred to employ local rulers to govern their colonies. C) the British established schools and academies to train African civil servants to run their colonies, while the French did not. D) many more British citizens relocated to Africa to administer their colonies than did French citizens. E) the British actively sought to convert Africans to Christianity, while the French did not.

A

Pressure for reform in British India came from A) educated Indians seeking self-rule. B) educated Indian women seeking greater independence. C) Indian Muslims seeking independence from the Hindu majority. D) Indian peasants and workers mobilized into unions. E) enlightened British rulers who felt that India was ready for self-government.

A

Unlike the British in India, the French in Indochina A) encouraged conversion to Christianity. B) recruited local peoples into their colonial army. C) worked closely with local elites. D) promoted domestic industries. E) had no obvious racial bias.

A

Why had most European governments abandoned concessionary companies in Africa by the early twentieth century? A) The companies provoked rebellion, and the governments had to come to their defense. B) The companies became so profitable that the governments decided to take over management of the colonies. C) The companies became so powerful that they threatened to break away from the mother country. D) The brutal use of forced African labor by companies provoked a public outcry in Europe. E) None of these answers is correct.

D

The "white man's burden" proposed by Rudyard Kipling referred to the A) cost of creating and supporting an empire. B) moral duty of the west to work to "civilize" the rest of the world. C) cost of abolishing slavery in Africa. D) need for Christian missionaries to undermine Islam in Africa and Asia. E) All these answers are correct.

B

Which of the following would NOT be typical of labor migration patterns in the age of empire? A) Chinese migrants to plantations in Cuba B) German migrants to plantations in the Congo C) Indian migrants to plantations in the Caribbean D) Irish migrants to factories and railroads in the United States E) Japanese migrants to plantations in Hawai`i

B

The colonization of the Belgian Congo is noted for the A) spirited resistance of the Congolese people. B) brutal treatment of the Congolese people by King Leopold II. C) policy of free trade that encouraged merchants from all countries. D) humane policies of the Belgian government toward the Congolese people. E) All these answers are correct.

B