Train Go Sorry
Kendall Demonstration School and Model for the Deaf (MSSD)
adopted a policy that all communication must be conducted in ASL was quickly revoked due to complaints
ADA
americans with disabilities act - ensures the same protection from discrimination that ethnic minorities already have
Train go sorry
what deaf people say about missing connections, lost opportunities - equivalent to "you missed the boat"
Public Law 94-142 (education for all handicapped children act)
"all of these childlren must have available 'a free and appropriate public education which emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet their unique needs' " (53)
Paul Escobar
- Deaf - friend of games (17 years)
Liz Wolter
- English teacher - Interpreter?
Deaf President Now Movement
- Gallaudet students wanted a deaf president instead of a hearing one
Cochlear implants
- change sound waves into electrical pulses that are transmitted to the brain and interpreted as sound - approved by the FDA but not the NAD - came out against cochlear implants for children because it robs them of their freedom of choice whether or not to get one - the tiny ears of the inner ear are damaged during implantation, meaning if the implant doesn't work, any residual hearing that might have been present before will no longer exist
Pat Patt
- cooks the nightly meals at lexington - like a second mother to James
James Taylor
- deaf - from the bronx, very poor family - bad student at first (now he is very smart and applies himself. he passed Regency Competency Test) - played Prince Charming in the school play lives at lexington because of poor conditions at home and attendance issue - President of Black Culture Club - Brother Joseph in prison - was accepted into Camden County College
Irene Leigh
- deaf - assistant director of the Lexington Center for Mental Health Services - speaks and uses ASL - offers a third perspective that addresses the emotional stakes in the tug of war over deaf children
Brenda Fraenkel
- deaf - assistant principal of Lexington
Donald Galloway
- deaf - deaf studies teacher director of Pupil Personnel Services
Richard Stoker
- deaf - director of the central institute for the deaf - uses voice, asigns himself with the hearing community
I. King Jordan
- deaf - first deaf president of Gallaudet
Sam Supalla
- deaf - linguist from the University of Arizona believes in having ASL be a first language for deaf children
Janie Moran
- deaf - social studies teacher - basketball coach - graduated from lexington and attended gallaudet for undergraduate and the columbia for her masters in teaching -all of the students adore her because she interacts like she is one of them
Alec Naiman
- deaf - went to lexington when it was an oral school - using a combination of speaking and signing when communicating to hear people - taught Leah ASL
Adele Sands-Berking
- english teacher - helps James with his college essay
Hannah and Issac Rosenfield
- german jewish couple - had a daughter Carrie who was deaf because of scarlet fever during infancy
When Sam Cohen turned 70 he was elected into the Hall of Fame of the New York State Athletic Association for the Deaf
- he played for the Union League, Lexington (Bys) Hebrew association for the deaf (pelicans) and others - was nominated for the American Athletic Association for the Deaf (AAAD)
Melissa Draganac
- high school senior - very involved in school and clubs - she attended a conference with Oscar, Don and Brenda and gave a speech to fight for lexington to stay open
Camden County College
- in NJ - offers a two-year vocational program for deaf students
Regents competency test
- in NY, need to pass in order to graduate at all
Bonnie Singer
- leah's mentor at La Guardia Community college - coordinator of interpreting services - holds top RID certification
Dr. Carol Reich
- lexington Center's current board president - first president at Lexington's history that wasn't a white, hearing male
Lexington
- oral school when first founded - founded by Hannah and Isaac Rosenfield - Mr. Englesmann was hired (teacher of the famous german method called "articulation" which taught deaf children to speak and lip read)
Fannie Cohen (D)
- originally named Bessie before she got sick and became deaf -born in Manhattan - Youngest of 7 children - parents named Benzion and Pearl Orringer Hager - Met Sam when she was 16 - went to school at P.S. 47 (oral environment; signing was forbidden) - after Sam died she moved to Florida
Max and Oscar Cohen
- oscar married - oscar is the superintendent of Lexington Children: reba, Leah (narrator) and adopted Andy - used their own sign language to communicate with each other and would put pebbles in their ears to mimic hearing aids
Dr. Leo Connor
- previos lexington superintendent
Margie Weissman
- teacher - believes in audition
Marcy Rosenbaum
- teacher - believes in speech and auditory training
Rabbi Donna Berman
- teaches a religion class at lexington - knows fingerspelling - prominent in sofia's life
Leah
- the narrator - daughter or Oscar Cohen - hearing but grew up at lexington because of her dad, never felt completely part of deac community - learned ASL from Alec and became fluent - aspired to become an interpreter and went to the NYSD in order to get referred - once she started interpreting, she felt empty - she had no connection to the people she interpreted for, it was just a job that she had to detach her personal life from
many deaf schools around country are being closed
- this forces the kids to be in public, mainstream schools - "it will mandate the education of the pupils to the maximum extent appropriate with the other pupils who do not have a disability' " (65) - "I take the position that you don't teach culture, you absorb it. the center of the deaf community has always been the schools. the importance of their role cannot be underestimated (213) --> dont shut down lexington
Sofia Normatov (D)
- was left in Leningrad when her mother realized she was deaf so she could learn how to talk in the oral school - learned to speak russiand and use Russian sign so when she cam to america she picked up english and ASl very quickly - since Sofia and irina are the only deaf children in their family they were often excluded - she would always push aside homework and chores in order to help her sister Irina - very involved in school, (junior intern for yearbook) - she wants to go to Gallaudent but ehr mother wont let her
Sam Cohen's heart attack
- when sam had his heart attack, he was not provided with an interpreter in the hospital so the doctors had no idea what he was feeling of how to treat him properly and his wife was not provided and interpreter either so she had no idea that he had passed away
Ister Normatov
-had 4 children: ada, Nellie, sofia (Deaf) and Irina (Deaf) - stopped having children after Irina because "having no children is better than having deaf children"
The deaf way
It was a week-long educational conference and arts festival held at the Washington Convention Center and attended by 10,000 Deaf and hard-of-hearing persons from more than 100 countries
RID
Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf - proposed in 1964, began certifying in 1972
Strong deaf
a measure of political and social involvement in the deaf community
Central Institute for the Deaf (CID)
an oral school in st. louis
Sam Cohen (D)
born Samuel Kolominsky
National technical Institute for the Deaf
created by an act of congress in 1981 at Rochester Institute of Technology
Board of Regents
in NY - gives two types of tests: Regents exam and the Regents competency test - at lexington, students normally graduate with a third option, the IEP
Dr. Leo Connor
lexington's superintendent (1960's)
think-hearing
one who thinks too much like a hearing person, functions too much in the hearing world
1974-1990: secondary individualized Learning center
program for deaf children with other disabilities disbanded in 1990 and these children were integrated into Lexington and some still received extra help
Louann Katz
sofia's guidance counselor
Regents exam
students must pass this in order to graduate high school and receive a regents diploma
six-one-one students
students on IEP's who are considered "low functioning" or to have minimal language skills - 6 students in a classroom with one teachter and one instructional aid as opposed to students who are twelve-one-one
IEP diploma
the individualize education plan established by the school if they did not pass their RCT's - on average, 60% of Lexington students graduate with IEP diplomas