U2 S2 Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic homework

Which of the following statements about cells is true?

All cells have internal structures that move.

Your throat is dry, and you want the last cough drop in the box to last a long time in your mouth. What should you do?

Keep the cough drop whole. This maintains the smallest surface-to-volume ratio and slows the dissolution of the cough drop.

Which of the following statements about lysosomes is false?

Lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids.

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is false?

Once laid down, the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place.

________ cells lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus.

Prokaryotic

Which of the following statements regarding the Golgi apparatus is false?

The Golgi apparatus decreases in size when a cell increases its protein production

Which of the following statements regarding the endomembrane system is false?

The endomembrane system is a system of interrelated membranes that are all physically connected.

The endosymbiosis hypothesis proposes that

a small cell lived inside a larger cell to the benefit of both cells.

Which of the following statements regarding cells is false?

all cells have a cell wall

Cell theory states that

all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells.

Skin cells are fastened into strong sheets by

anchoring junctions

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?

cell wall

The function of mitochondria is

cellular respiration

Cilia differ from flagella in that

cilia are typically more numerous and shorter than flagella

Mitochondria differ from chloroplasts in that mitochondria

contain membrane folds called cristae, whereas chloroplasts contain disk-like vesicles in stacks called grana.

surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface

fimbriae

What type of microscopy allowed scientists to visualize the cytoskeleton in living cells?

fluorescence microscopy

What changes would you expect to see in the liver cells of someone suffering from chronic alcoholism?

increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum activity

Which of the following would be most affected by a mutation that prevented cells from forming tight junctions?

integrity of the inner lining of the digestive tract

Protein synthesis requires the use of mRNA, which

is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins.

Which of the following organelles is found only in animal cells and NOT in most plant cells?

lysosomes

The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of

membrane and proteins secreted by the cell.

Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.

metabolically active

Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?

nucleoid region

Flagella and cilia are both composed of tubulin subunits. Despite this similarity, key differences exist between these two structures. For example, __________.

only cilia move as a coordinated team

The endomembrane system includes all of the following organelles except the

peroxisomes

Which of the following cell structures are associated with the breakdown of harmful substances?

peroxisomes

You have identified a new organism. It has ribosomes, plasmodesmata, and cell walls made of cellulose. This new organism is most likely a(n) __________

plant

You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude correctly that the cells

plant cells

what type of cell is the mitochondria found in?

plants and animals

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.

plasma membrane

To enter or leave any cell, substances must pass through _____.

plasma membrane

Which location in the cell is unlikely to contain ribosomes or ribosomal subunits?

plasma membrane

In plants, __________ are the cell junctions that allow the free exchange of small molecules that assist in communication. In animal cells, similar cell junctions are known as __________.

plasmodesmata..... gap junctions

Contractile vacuoles

prevent cells from bursting as a result of the influx of excess water.

what is the function of a bacteriums capsule?

protection

Of the following organelles, which group is involved in manufacturing the substances needed by the cell?

ribosome, rough er, smooth er

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?

ribosomes

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____.

secrete a lot of material

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

stores calcium ions in muscle cells

Lysosomes are derived from __________ and function in __________.

the Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum ... digestion of worn-out organelles

Which of the following statements about the functions of a plant cell central vacuole is false?

the central vacuole of a plant cell may digest chemicals for recycling.

What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?

they are constructed of interrelated membranes

The stroma is the

thick fluid enclosed by the inner chloroplast membrane

As cell size increases, the

volume increases proportionally more than the surface area.

Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes