U2 S2 Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic homework
Which of the following statements about cells is true?
All cells have internal structures that move.
Your throat is dry, and you want the last cough drop in the box to last a long time in your mouth. What should you do?
Keep the cough drop whole. This maintains the smallest surface-to-volume ratio and slows the dissolution of the cough drop.
Which of the following statements about lysosomes is false?
Lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids.
Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is false?
Once laid down, the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place.
________ cells lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus.
Prokaryotic
Which of the following statements regarding the Golgi apparatus is false?
The Golgi apparatus decreases in size when a cell increases its protein production
Which of the following statements regarding the endomembrane system is false?
The endomembrane system is a system of interrelated membranes that are all physically connected.
The endosymbiosis hypothesis proposes that
a small cell lived inside a larger cell to the benefit of both cells.
Which of the following statements regarding cells is false?
all cells have a cell wall
Cell theory states that
all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells.
Skin cells are fastened into strong sheets by
anchoring junctions
What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?
cell wall
The function of mitochondria is
cellular respiration
Cilia differ from flagella in that
cilia are typically more numerous and shorter than flagella
Mitochondria differ from chloroplasts in that mitochondria
contain membrane folds called cristae, whereas chloroplasts contain disk-like vesicles in stacks called grana.
surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface
fimbriae
What type of microscopy allowed scientists to visualize the cytoskeleton in living cells?
fluorescence microscopy
What changes would you expect to see in the liver cells of someone suffering from chronic alcoholism?
increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum activity
Which of the following would be most affected by a mutation that prevented cells from forming tight junctions?
integrity of the inner lining of the digestive tract
Protein synthesis requires the use of mRNA, which
is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins.
Which of the following organelles is found only in animal cells and NOT in most plant cells?
lysosomes
The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of
membrane and proteins secreted by the cell.
Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.
metabolically active
Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?
nucleoid region
Flagella and cilia are both composed of tubulin subunits. Despite this similarity, key differences exist between these two structures. For example, __________.
only cilia move as a coordinated team
The endomembrane system includes all of the following organelles except the
peroxisomes
Which of the following cell structures are associated with the breakdown of harmful substances?
peroxisomes
You have identified a new organism. It has ribosomes, plasmodesmata, and cell walls made of cellulose. This new organism is most likely a(n) __________
plant
You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude correctly that the cells
plant cells
what type of cell is the mitochondria found in?
plants and animals
The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.
plasma membrane
To enter or leave any cell, substances must pass through _____.
plasma membrane
Which location in the cell is unlikely to contain ribosomes or ribosomal subunits?
plasma membrane
In plants, __________ are the cell junctions that allow the free exchange of small molecules that assist in communication. In animal cells, similar cell junctions are known as __________.
plasmodesmata..... gap junctions
Contractile vacuoles
prevent cells from bursting as a result of the influx of excess water.
what is the function of a bacteriums capsule?
protection
Of the following organelles, which group is involved in manufacturing the substances needed by the cell?
ribosome, rough er, smooth er
In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?
ribosomes
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____.
secrete a lot of material
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
stores calcium ions in muscle cells
Lysosomes are derived from __________ and function in __________.
the Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum ... digestion of worn-out organelles
Which of the following statements about the functions of a plant cell central vacuole is false?
the central vacuole of a plant cell may digest chemicals for recycling.
What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?
they are constructed of interrelated membranes
The stroma is the
thick fluid enclosed by the inner chloroplast membrane
As cell size increases, the
volume increases proportionally more than the surface area.
Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes