UF FRG

palmer method

1% body=patient's hand size including fingers held together

(6) Scene arrival steps (both medical & trauma)

1. BSI SCENE SAFETY 2. delegate c-spine responsibility (tertiary) 3. request dispatch info 4. AVPU: ALERT, alert to VERBAL stimulus; alert to PAINFUL stimulus; UNconscious/UNresponsive 5. delegation of vitals (to secondary) 6. CALL ALS (advanced life support)

Traction Splint Steps (7)

1. Check PMS 2. put on ankle strap and have secondary apply manual traction (out and up) 3. measure length against UNINJURED leg + 12 inches and position straps 4. slide traction splint underneath patients leg and have patient help apply ischial strap 5. elevate heel stand and secure ankle brace to tension strap 6. secure remaining traps 7. check PMS

Scoop Stretcher Steps (6)

1. Check PMS 2. adjust length of scoop w/ patient UNINJURED side; align center of head rest area with patients nose 3. unlock and separate halves on scoop stretcher 4. work stretcher halves under patient avoiding skin/hair pull 5. lock stretcher @both ends 6. check PMS

(7) Secondary assessment steps (trauma only)

1. DCAPBTLS 2. Head/Neck 3. Chest 4.Abdomen/Pelvis/Legs/Arms 5. Spine 6. Backboarding 7. Summarize all info from SAMPLE "I would reassess if I had time"

(7) steps of secondary assessment (trauma only)

1. DCAPBTLS 2. Head/Neck (palpate scalp, back of neck, PEARL, Halo test, tracheal deviation, JVD) **C-COLLAR ON PATIENT** 3. Chest (palpate clavicles, 4 points lung sounds, ribs) 4. Abdomen/Pelvis/Legs/Arms (dolphin move 4 points abdomen, pelvic stability, genital sweep, palpate upper portion of legs, lower legs/arms) 5. Spine (log-rolls patient side, palpate spine/back) 6. Back boarding 7. Sum all info from SAMPLE "I would reassess vitals if I had time"

2 types of seizures

1. Generalized Seizures- widespread altered electrical activity --> Tonic-clonic/Grand Mal Seizures (convulsions & spasming muscles) and Absence seizures (staring off into the distance) 2. Focal Seizures- only 1 part of brain has altered electrical activity; less obvious that grand mal

3 degrees of burns and the rule of nines

1st degree- superficial; sunburn, redness 2nd degree- partial thickness; blistering, burn goes BELOW epi into dermis 3rd degree- fill thickness; charring all layers of skin, painless, gray/white necrosis rule of nines- determine amount body burned and treatment steps/location: Burn Center parameters: adults: burns >15% or on hands/feet children: ALWAYS GO; hands/neck/face/groin/soles feet

burns treatment

<10% --> cool with STERILE SALINE & wrap in DRY STERILE DRESSING >10% --> wrap in DRY STERILE DRESSING (concerned for hypothermia) remove clothing around and cut clothing brush off powder from powder burns with credit cards & HOSE DOWN WITH WATER

how to report respiratory rate

- rate: breaths per minute - rhythm: regular or irregular - depth/quality: normal/shallow/deep; dyspnea=difficulty breathing - effort: labored or unlabored

systolic vs. diastolic blood pressure

- systolic (upper reading): pressure when heart contracts; first bump during auscultation - diastolic (lower reading): pressure when heart relaxes; last bump during auscultation

Scoop Stretcher purpose

- transfer patient to stretcher w/ minimal movement b/c have PELVIC FRACTURE - prevent pelvic fractures leading to LARGE amount internal bleeding (4/5 L of blood here) - "THE PATIENT HAS AN UNSTABLE PELVIS, SO I WILL USE A SCOOP STRETCHER"

airway burns signs/symptoms

- burns/soot around mouth - stridor lung sounds

airway patency maneuvers

- head tilt chin lift: used when there is no c-spine injury - jaw thrust: used when there is a c-spine injury

how to measure respiratory rate

- one respiration cycle: one inhalation and one exhalation - put hand on patient back/shoulder and act like taking heart rate - count for 30 sec x 2 - do not tell patient you are actively counting their respirations

how to report heart rate

- rate (BPM; count # 15 sec x 4) - rhythm (regular or irregular) - quality (bounding/strong or thready/weak) - synchronization (no carotid: CPR; carotid but no radial: low bp/shock) *remember to consider age/athletes

4 steps of bleeding control

1. pressure 2. elevation 3. pressure at nearby arterial point (venous bleed) 4. apply tourniquet (straight to tourniquet if arterial bleed) **HIGH AND TIGHT AND WRITE TIME**

(4) Secondary assessment steps (medical only)

1. SAMPLE 2. QPQRST 3. Diagnosis/Treatment- re ask for vitals to see if improved 4. Summarize all info to report hospital/records

3 types of bleeding

1. arterial- BRIGHT RED SPURTING GUSHING RAPID BLOOD LOSS 2. venous- dark red/ flowing 3. capillary- typical bleed from abrasion

special considerations when using a BP cuff (5)

1. ask patient for baseline 2. ask patient UNCROSS legs 3. ask permission 4. do NOT take on same side as mastectomy or shunts in dialysis patients 5. use Auscultation if can hear; Palpation if noisy environment (only systolic)

skin condition assessment (4)

1. color- pink, blue, red, or yellow 2. temperature- normal: 98.6F 3. dampness- dry or diaphoretic 4. cap refill time- normal: <2sec

(5) Primary assessment steps (both medical & trauma)

1. exsanguination- full BLOOD sweep; control bleed if present 2. AIRWAY- determine open/maintain (HTCL, Jaw thrust, OPA) 3. BREATHING**w/in 2 min- rate, rhythm, depth, effort; nasal (5), non-rebreather(15), or bag(15) 4. circulation- CHECK RADIAL for rate, rhythm, quality; assess SKIN condition 5. ask for vitals from secondary- heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate, skin condition

the 5 vitals

1. heart rate (60-100 BPM) 2. blood pressure (120 systolic/80 diastolic) 3. respiration rate (12-20 breaths/min) 4. SpO2 w/ pulse ox (>94%) 5. skin condition (normal: pink, warm, dry)

Stroke (3 types) def

1. ischemic- blood vessel to brain blockage--> no O2 and irreversible damage (most strokes) 2. Hemorrhagic- burst brain vessel--> brain bleeding & aneurysm (why we dont give aspirin to stroke patients) 3. Transient Ischemic Attack- brain vessel blockage by temporary symptoms

PEARL and Halo test (Head/Neck section of trauma secondary assessment)

1. palpate scalp 2. palpate back of neck (step off=abnormal vertebrae) 3. PEARL- Pupils Equally Round and Reactive to Light 4. Halo test- examine ears for fluid; dip corner gauze & look for fluid separation; clear ring= + halo test:(

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) def, signs/symptoms, history, treatment

def: muscle weakness & fluid buildup --> heart cannot pump blood well (fault of the heart ITSELF) signs/symptoms (4): 1. pink frothy sputum (mouth) 2. dependent edema (swelling feet and dimple forms) 3. Pulmonary edema (crackles/rales lungs) 4. tripod position history- past heart attacks/heart condition history: past heart attacks/heart condition treatment: give oxygen as needed & RAPID transport ALS

3 types of bleeding and what to use

Arterial (bright red, spurting): tourniquet Venous (dark red flowing): pressure bandage Capillary (oozing, abrasion): spiral 8 or spiral bandage

asthma def, signs/symptoms, history, treatment

def: muscular & mucosal narrow of bronchial tubes--> limits air to alveoli --> limits gas exchange signs/symptoms: - shortness of breath -TRIPOD position - EXTREME WHEEZING - dec O2 sat - difficulty talking history: asthma, interact w/ trigger (panic attack, hard exercise, air pollution, chemical fumes, smoke, cold) treatment: SELF-ADMIN 2 puffs MDI/inhaler, supplemental O2

abnormal skin conditions: diaphoretic/diaphoresis- cyanotic/cyanosis- urticaria- jaundice-

diaphoretic- sweaty/clammy skin cyanotic- blue skin urticaria- hives jaundice- yellow/liver disease

Dressing and Bandaging techniques and steps

ALL bandaging: - check PMS before and after - distal --> proximal - dressing used DIRECTLY cover a wound and absorb blood/fluids /hold other treatments Spiral bandage: - simple wounds with capillary/light bleeding on extremities Figure 8 bandage: - minor wounds on the inside to preserve mobility Pressure bandage (Israeli): - heavy venous bleeds on extremities - wrap once, pull bandage through clip, wrap tightly in REVERSE direction - makeshift: spiral base, twist remaining, cross in x over wound

Universal Precautions

equipment and procedures used to protect you from the blood and body fluids of the patient through body substance isolation or infection control

aura

experience feelings such as deja vu, impending doom, fear, or euphoria, or specific senses such as smells; leads up to seizures

BE-FAST meaning

B- balance- stand up E- eye movement; keep head still & follow finger F- facial droop; can you smile A- arm drift- hold arms out palms up eyes closed and try to hold up S- slurred speech- "the sky is blue in Cincinnati" T-time; since symptoms began

penetrating objects and neck wounds

eye bandaging: - secure punctured object in the eye - stabilize the object such as with a cup and then cover the other eye penetrating object pandaging: - do NOT remove, only stabilize - Lincoln logs- place gauze rolls around object and secure with wrapped bandages - Donut- wrap several time around d finger and place over object; wrap with additional bandaging neck wound: - bandage, wrap with occlusive dressing over bandage and secure with bandaging under OPPOSITE shoulder - NEVER APPLY TOURNIQUET EVEN IF ARTERIAL BLEED TO NECK WOUND

tachycardia

fast heartrate (>100)

Postical state of seizure

following a seizure, consists of confusion, drowsiness, headache, nausea, soreness, and/or combativeness--> can be danger for patient or first responder

Epi-pen half-life, dose, and contraindications

half-life: 20 min (GET TO HOSPITAL) dose: 0.3 mg adults; 0.15 mg kids **BLUE TO THE SKY ORANGE TO THE THIGH** contraindications: not anaphylaxis, not patients epi-pen

Heat Illnesses (3) severity

heat cramp s> heat exhaustion > heat stroke

First thing you say when you arrive on scence

BSI SCENE SAFETY- body substance isolation; is the scene safety

chronic bronchitis vs emphysema

Both: COPD conditions chronic bronchitis- INC mucus & inflammation bronchioles emphysema- ENLARGE & BREAKDOWN alveoli--> DEC ability O2/gas exchange

C-Spine def & stabilization techniques

C-Spine- part of spine in neck; controls ventilation Stabilize: (have tertiary do) 1. Collar Bone Hold 2. Soup Bowl Method 3. C-Collar (any patient with C-spine precautions NEED); size: # fingers corner patient's jaw to traps

hypertension vs hypotension

HIGH blood pressure and LOW blood pressure

diabetic emergencies memory aid: COLD & CLAMMY--> HOT & DRY -->

COLD & CLAMMY--> need some CANDY HOT & DRY --> sugar too HIGH

Lung Sounds (6) and possible causes

Clear- normal Absent- no air moving through lungs --> obstruction, flail chest Stridor- upper airway obstruction heard on breath INhale --> allergy shock Wheezing- HIGH PITCH on EXhale --> asthma, panic attack, COPD Crackles/Rales- bubble & rattling sounds --> CHF or fluid in airway Rhonchi- LOW PITCH gurgle and thick bubble --> secretions; clear with cough

DCAPBTLS

D- Deformities C- Contusions (bruises) A- Abrasions P- Penetrations/perforations B- Burns T- Tenderness L- Lacerations S- Swelling

MCI and Triage def, roles, and triage categories

MCI- Mass Casualty Incident (resources available<resources needed) roles: - incident commander designates safe lace responders to report to - other responders split up and tag patients triage categories/tags: minor (green)- alert and can walk --> treated LAST delayed (yellow)-- injured but CANNOT move immediate (red)- critically injured and will be treated FIRST expectant (black)- DEAD patients, resources NOT used on them (except for cardiac arrest after lightning strike--> treated first) triage steps: "30-2 can do" 1. approach patient, adjust airway HTCL; if not breathing --> BLACK 2. breathing and RR>30 --> RED 3. RR<30 --> Check radial pulse, control bleeding if absent or cap refil>2 sec --> RED 4. radial present or cap refil<2 sec --> if follow simple commands = YELLOW; if cannot follow = RED

asthma attack

MEDICAL EMERGENCY caused by inflammation--> bronchospasm/constriction

OPQRST meaning

O- Onset; HOW did this pain come on? P-Provocation; does anything make it BETTER or WORSE? Q- Quality; could YOU describe this pain? R- Radiation; does the paid RADIATE anywhere? S- Severity; rate pain scale 1-10 T- how LONG has this been happening?

patent airway

OPEN airway

PMS meaning and when to check

P (Pulse)- radial for hands; posterior tib or dorsalis pedis for feet M (Motor)- "Can you squeeze my hands? Can you let go? Push against my hands like a gas pedal. Push up against my hands." S (sensory)- "which finger/toe am I holding?" when: before AND after using backboard, sling/swathe, and scoop stretcher (trauma)

AMS- Altered Mental Status & purpose

P- Person: what is your name? P- Place: where are you? T- Time: what time/day/month is it? E- Event: how many quarters in a dollar? purpose: patient needs A&Ox4 to get oral med (risk choking)

SAMPLE meaning

S- Signs/symptoms A- Allergies M- Medications P- Past medical history L- last time thing/time you ate/used bathroom E- Events leading up

status epilepticus

Seizure lasting 5+ minutes or multiple seizures in a row without return to normal consciousness--> requires meds to stop

Bag-valve mask: SpO2- RR- considerations- flow rate-

SpO2- 0-70s% RR- <8; >28 breath/min considerations- UNABLE to breath on own flow rate- 15L/min

Non-rebreather mask: SpO2- RR- considerations- flow rate-

SpO2- 80s% RR- 8-12; 20-28 breath/min considerations- moderate-severe oxygen issues flow rate- 15L/min

nasal cannula: SpO2- RR- considerations- flow rate-

SpO2- 90-93% RR- 12-20 breath/min considerations- slight oxygen issues flow rate- 5L/min

allergic reaction def, signs/symptoms, history, treatment

def: abnormal response foreign sub signs/symptoms: - runny nose, sneezing - LOCALIZED hives - LOCALIZED edema - chest tightness - NOT SHOCKY VITALS** only anaphylactic shock history: family history, previous rxn, known allergy treatment: O2 as necessary, remove from allergen; bee stinger--> flat edge to scrape NOT tweezers

Heart Attack (myocardial myocardial infarction) def, signs/symptoms, history, treatment

def: blood flow interpret to tissue of heart (coronary arteries) signs/symptoms (4 main): 1. chest pain, sharp, acute onset, radiating jaw/arms/shoulder blades 2. shortness of breath--> tripod position 3. diaphoresis 4. Tachycardia, anxiety/doom, nausea history: - hypertension - diabetes, obesity, coronary artery disease, high cholesterol meds: beta-blockers, etc Treatment: ASSIST self-admin aspirin & O2 as needed, rapid transport to hospital

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) def, signs/symptoms, history, treatment

def: layers of aorta weaken & separate --> shock when bursts signs/symptoms: 1. tearing pain front to back 2. pulsing mass in abdomen history: treatment: comfy position, keep relax, RAPID transport

Neurogenic shock cause, signs/symptoms, treatment

cause: loss of sympathetic control of nervous system-->excess parasympathetic response (loss vessel tone); damage to spinal cord signs/symptoms: <90 systolic LOW heart rate** slow, shallow/irregular breaths priapism (male errection) Treatment: RAPID transport 15L/min O2 heat blanket if low T

Flail chest cause, signs/symptoms, treatment

cause: 2+ ribs broken in 2+ places signs/symptoms: inhale/exhale movement opposite normal chest rise LOW/NO lung sounds on injured side flail segment palpable rib stability treatment: identify RAPID transport

Hypovolemic shock cause, signs/symptoms, treatment

cause: LOW volume circulatory fluid signs/symptoms: <90 systolic HIGH heart rate, rapid weak pulse cold clammy skin rapid shallow breathing weakness/dizzy/faint Treatment: RAPID transport 15L/min O2 heat blanket if low T

Sucking chest wound cause, signs/symptoms, treatment

cause: air enters pleural cavity signs/symptoms: pink frothy blood from WOUND no lung sounds on injured side treatment: apply chest seal or occlusive dressing taped on 3 SIDES; exit wound = 4 sides

Anaphylactic shock cause, signs/symptoms, treatment

cause: allergic response usually affects breathing (poor vessel) signs/symptoms: hard breathing--> stridor (wheezing IN) full body urticaria (hives) nausea/vomit HIGH heart rate <90 systolic treatment: THEIR epi-pen remove allergen from area O2 if needed

Septic shock cause, signs/symptoms, treatment

cause: bloodstream infection--> poor vessel tone; persistent unaddressed infection signs/symptoms: FEVER!! infection <90 systolic HIGH heart rate usually elderly treatment: RAPID transport 15L/min O2 DO NOT USE HEAT BLANKET!!!

Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) cause, signs/symptoms, treatment

cause: head trauma--> INC pressure in skull--> brain swell/bleeding signs/symptoms: Cushing's Triad- 1. irregular breathing; 2. HIGH BP (opp of shock; think ICPRESSURE) 3. LOW heart rate treatment: just identify

cardiogenic shock cause, signs/symptoms

cause: heart damaged so cannot pump blood well signs/symptoms: <90 systolic HIGH heart rate

Panic Attack def, signs/symptoms, history, treatment

def- INTENSE period fear/distress--> physical symptoms signs/symptoms: - overwhelming fear - bounding, irregular heart rate - sweating/shaking - pain in chest but NOT radiating** - shortness of breath history: life stressors, panic/anxiety disorders treatment: treat life threats, O2 as necessary, breaking exercises

Syncope/vasovagal syncope (Syncopy) def, signs/symptoms, history, treatment

def- fainting bc sudden DROP BP & heart rate --> IF UNRESPONSIVE CHECK CAROTID FOR CARDIAC ARREST signs/symptoms: - SLIGHTLY lowered BP - SLIGHTLY higher heart rate - otherwise normal vitals treatment: monitor vital signs, admin O2 as needed

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) def, signs/symptoms, history, treatment

def- group of chronic conditions --> dyspnea (diff breathing) & O2 issues signs/symptoms: - wheezing - chronic cough - CHRONIC LOW O2 sat** - barrel chest** history: chronic bronchitis/emphysema, smoking treatment: SELF ADMIN 2 puffs MDI/inhaler, supplemental O2

hyperglycemia def, signs/symptoms, history, and treatment

def: HIGH blood sugar signs/symptoms: - HOT & DRY skin - breath sweet odor - excessive urination/thirst - AMS & agitation - Kussmaul respirations (fast, deep, labored) history: insuff diabetic treatment treatment: RAPID transport, DO NOT admin insulin (only hospital does)

hypoglycemia def, signs/symptoms, history, and treatment

def: LOW blood sugar signs/symptoms: - COOL, CLAMMY skin - dizzy, weak, blurred vision, TACHYcardia - AMS - severe low blood sugar--> seizures or coma history: no recent meal, TOO MUCH insulin/diabetic meds treatment: - oral glucose IF A&Ox4 (what's your name, where are you, what day is it, how many quarters in a dollar) - eat complex carbs or transport to hospital after - swab on vascular cheek

Shock def and 3 types

inadequate perfusion to the body's tissues due to a failure in 1 or more parts of the perfusion triangle 1. Compensated- body can comp for 1 damaged piece of triangle and maintain enough blood pressure 2. Decompensated- body cannot comp BP systolic<90 3. Irreversible- shock uncontrolled--> cardiac arrest

purpose of insulin

lets glucose INTO cells from blood

AEIOU-TIPS meaning

list possible causes of AMS: A- alcohol E- epilsepsy I- insulin O- O2 U- Uremia T- trauma I- infection P- psychosis S- seizure/stroke

Heat Stroke meaning, signs/symptoms, and treatment

meaning: MOST SEVERE; body's internal temp rises to DANGER levels; sever fluid loss-->hypovolemic shock; no more sweating (ran out) signs/symptoms: hot/dry skin, clothes may be soaked in sweat still, temp >104, AMS** Treatment: 1. move to cooler environment 2. remove clothing ice packs on neck and armpits 3. treat for shock but NO heat blanket (rapid transport, high flow O2) 4. DO NOT GIVE ICE BATH OR FLUIDS

Alcohol intoxication/ETOH meaning, signs/symptoms, and treatment

meaning: alcohol depressant and slows respiratory system & gag reflex --> impact blood sugar levels signs/symptoms: slurred speech, nausea, impaired judgment/coordination Treatment: 1. transport and address life threats 2. Recovery position/Lateral Recumbent (when alert to pain/unconscious w/ signs of vomiting)

Depressants meaning, signs/symptoms, and treatment

meaning: bring vitals DOWN (lower HR, BP, RR, and SpO2) --> Opioids category (Heroin, Fentanyl, Morphine, Hydrocodone) signs/symptoms: lower RR, PINPOINT PUPILS, cyanosis, past opiate activity treatment: 1. Narcan (reverses effects of opioids but WE DON'T ADMINISTER!!) 2. Manage airway, take over and bag until Narcan works

Stimulants meaning, signs/symptoms, and treatment

meaning: cause vitals to INCREASE ex) caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, meth, ecstasy, molly signs/symptoms: INC or erratic/irregular HR & RR, flushed/red skin, AMS, INC T (rare) treatment: 1. manage life threats 2. maintain airway 3. COOL patient if T>104 and treat for heat illness

Heat cramps meaning, signs/symptoms, and treatment

meaning: dehydration/electrolyte imbalance --> cramps; LEAST SEVERE signs/symptoms: muscle pains/spasms in abdomen. back, arms, legs; diaphoresis (sweating) treatment: 1. move to cooler environment 2. 50/50 Gatorade and water IF A&Ox4

Heat exhaustions meaning, signs/symptoms, and treatment

meaning: exhaustion/weakness bc low water and salt levels signs/symptoms: dizzy, weak pulse, profuse sweating, nausea, SLIGHTLY elevated temp treatment: 1. move to cooler environment 2. 50/50 Gatorade and water IF A&Ox4

Concussions meaning and how to assess

meaning: mild traumatic brain injuries how to access: 1. ask questions about symptoms 2. ask spell world backwards 3. check A&Ox4 4. tell them a short list of items and ask to recall

prone roll meaning and steps (3)

meaning: patient face down and you MUST flip them to access APVU steps: 1. instruct tertiary place hands to set up for direction where want to roll **ensure maintaining c-spine** 2. on TERTIARY'S count, log roll patient HALFWAY onto side 3. have tertiary count again for 1 more log roll onto patient back

seizures meaning, common causes, signs/symptoms, and treatment

meaning: sudden, uncontrolled electrical activity btwn brain cells; epilepsy=chronic seizures common causes: drug overdose, hypoglycemia, heat stroke treatment: 1. Active seizing: DO NOT PUT STUFF IN MOUTH; clear are 2. Post: treat any injuries, monitor airwary, add OPA if necessary, RAPID TRANSPORT

normal glucose range and how to use BGL

normal range: 80-120 mg/dL (think reverse of BP) ASSIST EMT w/ BGL: 1. alc prep pad 2. glucometer & test strip 3. lancet 4. gauze 5. bandaid

hypoxia vs hypoxemia

not enough oxygen and too much oxygen

How to MAINTAIN a patent airway

oropharyngeal airway (OPA): when airway NOT patent and patient UNresponsive (no gag-reflex); sized from corner of mouth to point of jaw, place in sideways then push down while twisting to insert - nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)**I cannot use this**: airway NOT patent and patient either responsive or UNresponsive; DONT use w/ head trauma

The 5 rights ACRONYM & purpose

purpose: before admin drug (DDPRT) 1. right DRUG 2. right DOSE 3. right PERSON 4. right ROUTE OF DELIVERY 5. right TIME --> FRG can ASSIST patients OWN Rx**

MDI (Metered Dose Inhaler) purpose, dose, contraindications, administration

purpose: difficulty breathing b/c R.A.D (reactive airway disease); asthma, COPD, DEC O2 sat, complain short breath, wheezing lung sounds **albuterol faster than atrovent** dose: 2 full inhalations contraindications: NONE administration: fully exhale, breath in, press down on MDI, hold 10 sec, breath out, repeat

Traction Splint purpose, why its important, and contraindications

purpose: patient comfort/future alignment; specific CLOSED MIDLINE FEMUR FRACTURE important: worried about severing femoral artery--> lose <1/5 blood volume-->shock) contraindications: 1. unstable pelvis 2. OPEN fracture/injuries to any other bone on SAME leg/foot 3. SIGNIFICANT cuts/burns to legs (arterial)

Backboarding purpose and steps (11)

purpose: spinal immobilization device (full body splint) steps: 1. place backboard on UNINJURED side of patient 2. check PMS 3. statue of liberty pose (uninjured side arm up to ear, injured side arm bent on chest) 4. on TERTIARY'S count, primary and secondary log roll patient on side (halfway) 5. **check for exit wounds (4-side taped chest seal) or spine step offs** 6. pull backboard close and at 45 degree angle towards patient 7. on TERTIARY'S count, roll patient onto backboard 8. have tertiary use knee to hold board and adjust patient with VERTICAL or DIAGONAL movements (never horizontal) 9. strap patient to backboard (up, up, cross R/L, floss, down, up, click) 10. place head blocks one at a time on TERTIARY'S count and apply straps (chin and forehead) 11. check PMS again

SAM Splint (Structural Aluminum Malleable Splint) purpose and steps

purpose: stabilize any major injuries (fractured limbs/arms/legs EXCEPT CLOSED MIDLINE FEMUR FRACTURE) Steps: 1. Check PMS before AND after splinting 2. Size split using UNINJURED limb 3. Mold splint so injured limb fits snugly into it 4. place on injured limb and secure with bandage (distal-->proximal)

Sling and Swathe purpose and steps (6)

purpose: stabilize clavicle/arm injury steps: 1. check PMS 2. tie a knot on corner across from long end 3. place elbow in KNOTTED pouch 4. sling: tie remaining ends around neck; swathe: take bandage and warp sling to body under INJURED ARM 6. check PMS

oral glucose purpose, dose, contraindications, administration

purpose: treat HYPOglycemia dose: 1 full tube, 15g carbs--> NOT permanent fix; need meal w/ complex carbs/transport hospital contraindications: - NOT A&Ox4--> risk choke - patient unable to do it on their OWN (legal reason) administration: - apply some on tongue depressor - have PATIENT swab on THEIR inside cheek

Aspirin purpose, dose, considerations, and contraindications (6)

purpose: treatment of heart attack--> ASSIST & O2 as needed dose: 4 (81 mg each) baby tablets (324 mg TOTAL) considerations: - can have chest pain w/o heart attack (anxiety, hit on chest, ect) - heart attack does NOT mean cardiac arrest contraindications (6): - stomach ulcers - excess bleeding - already taken 4-81 baby tablets (324 mg) - not A&OX4 - already taking blood thinners - allergy - stroke patient ***immediate fail**

Helmet Removal reasons and steps

reasons: - airway care/access - patient AMS - significant injury/bleeding that requires pressure - helmet does not immobilize patient's head or cannot be strapped to backboard steps: 1. 1 responder approaches pt. from front, c-spin, explain 2nd responder stabilize from back 2. 2nd responder c-spin from back 3. check pms 4. 1st unbuckles chin strap, slide hands inside helmet (fingertips around occipital region and hand around jaw) 5. 2nd spreads sides of helmet using rocking motion to remove helmet 6. 2nd takes over c-spine again so 1st can apply c-collar 7. check PMS

insulin shock def

severe HYPOglycemia (not BP related) --> seizures or coma

stroke sign/ symptoms (4), history, treatment

signs/symptoms (4): 1. Altered mental status (AMS) 2. fail BE-FAST 3. severe headache 4. muscle weak, dizzy, sudden vision loss, aphasia 5. Cheyne-Strokes respirations (fast & shallow--> slow & heavy--> none cycle) history: - hypertension - coronary artery disease - blood clots - tobacco use treatment: RAPID transport

bradycardia

slow heartrate (<60)

difference between type I, type II diabetes and gestational

type I: not enough insulin produced --> supplement w/ insulin type II: insulin receptors don't pick up signal enough-->lifestyle change, meds gestational: only during pregnancy