UH physical anth Quiz 2

Each parent contributes one allele at each locus to his or her offspring. This is known as Mendel's Law of a. Segregation. b. Independent Assortment. c. Polygenic Inheritance. d. Dominance.

Segregation

Where is DNA found in a cell? a. Mostly in the nucleus, with a small amount in the mitochondria. b. Mostly in the mitochondria, with a small amount in the nucleus. c. Only in the nucleus. d. Only in the mitochondria.

a. Mostly in the nucleus, with a small amount in the mitochondria

DNA regulates the process of protein synthesis with the help of a. RNA. b. sunlight. c. water. d. a variety of body salts.

a. RNA

The total DNA sequence of an organism is known as its a. genome. b. phenotype. c. genotype. d. sex chromosomes.

a. genome

The shape of a DNA molecule is a a. helix. b. circle. c. elongated loop. d. straight line.

a. helix

Gene flow acts to make populations a. more similar to each other. b. less similar to each other. c. completely different from one another in a single generation. d. None of the above.

a. more similar to each other

Natural selection often removes one allele and increases the frequency of another allele. _____________________, however, can result in a balance of allele frequencies without removing any alleles from the population. a. Selection for the heterozygote. b. Selection against the recessive homozygote. c. Selection for the recessive homozygote. d. Selection against the heterozygote.

a. selection for the heterozygote

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that a. under certain conditions, allele frequencies will remain constant over time. b. the less common allele will eventually disappear. c. if an allele is recessive, it will eventually disappear. d. evolution often consists of very rapid changes over a single generation.

a. under certain conditions, allele frequencies will remain constant over time

The PTC-tasting locus has two alleles, T and t, where T is dominant and is the tasting allele. If the genotype frequencies are TT = 0.49, Tt =.42, and tt = 0.09, what proportion of this population are tasters? a. 0.98 b. 0.91 c. 0.49 d. 0.42

b. 0.91

The probability of survival and reproduction of an organism is known as its a. mutation rate. b. fitness. c. genotype. d. phenotype.

b. fitness

Imagine an allele frequency of 0.7 in a given population. If this population meets the assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the allele frequency will ________ in the next generation. a. decrease b. stay the same c. increase d. This question cannot be answered given the available data.

b. stay the same

Human beings have ____ pairs of chromosomes. a. 3 b. 4 c. 23 d. 24

c. 23

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. The process of sex-cell formation provides _____________ chromosomes to an offspring from each parent. a. 12 b. 13 c. 23 d. 46

c. 23

n DNA, the base A pairs with the base a. C b. G c. T d. X

c. T

The ABO blood group has three alleles (A, B, O) where A and B are codominant and O is recessive. How can a woman with type A blood and a man with type B blood have a child with type O blood? a. The woman must have genotype AA and the man must have genotype BO. b. The woman must have genotype AO and the man must have genotype BB. c. The woman must have genotype AO and the man must have genotype BO. d. These parents can never have a type O child.

c. The woman must have genotype AO and the man must have genotype BO

Since most parents of achondroplastic dwarfs are normal, and since the achondroplastic allele is dominant, this means that a. Dwarfism is actually due to another locus than we once thought. b. The achondroplastic allele cannot always be dominant. c. Most dwarfs are the result of a mutation. d. None of the above.

c. most dwarfs are the result of a mutation

Alleles are _________ if both of their effects are shown in the phenotype. a. regulatory b. recessive c. dominant d. codominant

d. Co-Dominant

The MN blood group has two codominant alleles. How can a woman with type M blood have a child with type N blood?

d. The woman could never have a child with type N blood

A polymorphism is defined as a genetic trait where there a. is a single allele. b. are more than two alleles. c. are at least two alleles having at any frequency. d. are at least two alleles having frequencies greater than 0.01.

d. are at least two alleles having frequency greater than 0.01

New alleles can be brought into a population by a. A) mutation and genetic drift. b. B) mutation and natural selection. c. C) gene flow and natural selection. d. D) mutation and gene flow.

d. mutation and gene flow