Ultimate Science Midterm Study Guide
The human population increased from about 4 billion to about 6 billion (increasing by another 2 billion) in_____
25 years
How many people are estimated to live in acute poverty today in developing countries? A. 1.4 Billion B. 1.4 Million C. 140,000
A. 1.4 billion
Between 1850 and 2009, the global urban revolution resulted in urban population increasing from. A. 2% to 62% B. 7% to 62% C. 14% to 43%
A. 2% to 62%
What percentage of useful energy in the United States is unnecessarily wasted? A. 43% B. 35% C. Energy in the United States is not wasted
A. 43%
In 2009, the world population is about A. 6.8 Billion B. 2.9 Billion C. 9.3 Billion
A. 6.8 Billion
Sulfuric Acid and sulfates in the atmosphere are a problem when they A. Are deposited as acid rain B. Are deposited in the soil and incorporated into plants as nutrients C. Are deposited in ocean waters and return to deep ocean sediments
A. Are deposited as acid rain
All organic compounds contain which element? A. Carbon B. Hydrogen C. Oxygen
A. Carbon
Which of the following is an example of Recycling? A. Collecting and remelting aluminum soda cans and making them into new cans. B. Cleaning and refilling used soft-drink bottles C. Selling used clothing at a garage sale D. Saving leftovers in an old peanut butter jar
A. Collecting and remelting aluminum soda cans and making them into new cans.
When scientists are testing ideas to determine facts, they collection of facts A. Follow a specific set of logical steps B. Report observations to the scientific community without data collection C. Use different steps that are unique to each scientist D. Need to include their "biases" in their findings.
A. Follow a specific set of logical steps
Amphibians are A. Frogs, toads, and salamanders B. Fish, frogs, and salamanders C. Salamanders sea anemone, and frogs
A. Frogs, toads, and salamanders
Ions are atoms or groups of atoms that have A. Gained or lost an electron B. Gained or lost a proton C. Gained or lost a neutron
A. Gained or lost an electron
If a country's ecological footprint is larger than its biological capacity to replenish its renewable resources and absorb the resulting waste and pollution, then A. It Is Said To Have An Ecological Deficit B. It Should Be Supported By Other Countries With Smaller Footprints C. It Should Be Supported By Other Countries With Smaller Footprints D. It Is Said To Be a Sustainable Society
A. It Is Said To Have An Ecological Deficit
An exponential growth curve depicting an ever-growing population is shaped like the letter_____. A. J B. L C. M D. S
A. J
Which of the following terms encompasses (includes) all of the others? A. Natural Capital B. Natural Resources C. Natural Services D. Nutrient Cycling
A. Natural Capital
Ammonium ions are converted to nitrate ions and nitrate ions through the process of A. Nitrification B. Nitrogen Fixation C. Denitrification
A. Nitrification
The most common gas in the atmospher is A. Nitrogen B. Carbon dioxide C. Oxygen D. Hydrogen
A. Nitrogen
Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas? A. Nitrogen (N²) B. Carbon Dioxide (CO²) C. Water Vapor (H²O)
A. Nitrogen (N²)
The plants in this community would be as A. Producers B. Primary consumers C. Secondary consumers
A. Producers
They hydrologic cycle is driven primarily by A. Solar energy and gravity B. Solar energy and the moon C. Solar and mechanical energy
A. Solar energy and gravity
The key reason we should care about recovery of the southern sea otter population is. A. The Fact That They Are A Keystone Species B. Their Charismatic Personality, Which Makes Them Pleasant To Observe C. Because They Are a Food Source For Humans
A. The Fact That They Are A Keystone Species
In the demographic transition model, birth and death rates are high during. A. The Preindustrial Stage B. The Industrial Stage C. The Post Industrial Stage
A. The Preindustrial Stage
What is FALSE about biological extinction A. The extinction of an organism can be reversed if enough government funding is provided B. There has always Been a Certain Low-level Amount Of Ongoing Background Extinction Occurring C. Completely Natural Processes Can Cause Population Extinctions
A. The extinction of an organism can be reversed if enough government funding is provided
The innermost layer of the atmosphere is the A. Troposphere B. Stratosphere C. Hydrosphere
A. Troposphere
All of the following are elements except A. Water B. Oxygen C. Nitrogen D. Hydrogen
A. Water
Which of the following best categorizes the most common form of interspecific species interactions A. Competition B. Mutualism C. Parasitism
A. competition
When Scientists are testing ideas to determine facts, they A. follow a specific set of logical steps B. Report observations to the scientific community without data collection C. Use different steps that are unique to each scientist
A. follow a specific set of logical steps
Complex arrangements of feeding patterns in ecosystems are best described as A. food webs B. Food chains C. Trophic levels
A. food webs
Age structure diagrams can be divided into all of the following categories except. A. Infant B. Pre-reproductive C. Reproductive
A. infant
Women posses______ of the world's land A. less then 2% B. 10% C. 25%
A. less then 2%
The conversion of solar energy into chemical energy occurs in A. Photosynthesis B. Food Chains C. Chemosynthesis
A. photosynthesis
Prey are least likely to defend themselves against predators by. A. Pursuit and Ambush B. Acute Senses of Sight And Smell C. Protective Shells
A. pursuit and ambush
Which of the following would exhibit primary succession A. rock exposed by a retreating glacier B. an abandoned farm C. Forest that has been clear-cut
A. rock exposed by a retreating glacier
Full-cost pricing refers to taxing gasoline by the gallon, as it is purchased, to cover the estimate of harmful costs of driving. This tax has been estimated to be. A. $2.90 per gallon B. $12.00 per gallon just for tax C. $12.00 per gallon when combined with the cost of gas itself
B. $12.00 per gallon just for the tax
The population change in a particular area or country in a particular year can be calculated by A. (deaths+emigration)-(births+immigration) B. (births+emigration)-(births+immigration) C. (deaths+immigration)-(births+emigration) D. (births+emigration)-(deaths+immigration)
B. (Births+Immigration)+(Deaths+Emmigration)
Of the total energy that falls on their leaves, what percent do producers on average convert to chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis? A. 0% B. 1% C. 10%
B. 1%
The amount of energy transferred from an organism on one trophic level to the next trophic level ranges from 1.6% to 56% A. 1% B. 10% C. 15%
B. 10%
Women receive about______ of the world's income A. 1% B. 10% C. 25%
B. 10%
What portion of the Earth's atmosphere is composed of oxygen A. 15% B. 21% C. 25%
B. 21%
Approximately what percentage of amphibian species is threatened with extinction and declining worldwide? A. 33% B. 33%, 43% C. 80% D. 43%, 53%
B. 33%, 43%
The world population is expected to increase from _____ in 2009 to ______ in 2050 A. 6.8 Million, 9.5 Million B. 6.8 Billion, 9.5 Billion C. 7.5 Billion, 11 Billion
B. 6.8 Billion, 9.5 Billion
Over land, about what percent of the water vapor in the atmosphere comes from water that has transpired from the surface of plants? A. 70% B. 90% C. 40-50%
B. 90%
Best representation of photosynthesis A. Carbon Dioxide + Glucose+ Solar Energy----> Water + Oxygen B. Carbon dioxide+ Water+ Solar energy ---> Glucose+ Oxygen C. Oxygen + Glucose + Solar energy ------> Carbon dioxide+ Water
B. Carbon dioxide+ Water+ Solar energy ---> Glucose+ Oxygen
If a carbon atom combines with oxygen atoms to form CO2, this would be described as a A. Physical change. B. Chemical change. C. It is both a physical and chemical change.
B. Chemical change.
When two different species interact over a long period of time, and changes in the gene pool of one species leads to changes in the gene pool of another species A. Commensalism B. Coevolution C. Mutualism
B. Coevolution
Nitrogen fixation is accomplished by A. Legumes B. Cyanobacteria C. Algae
B. Cyanobacteria
Between The Years 1950 and 2009, The Fertility Rate In Developing Countries A. Increased From 2.8 to 6.5 B. Decreased From 6.5 to 2.8 C. Decreased From 2.5 to 1.6
B. Decreased From 6.5 to 2.8
A community of different species interacting with one another and the physical and chemical factors of their nonliving environment is called a A. Species B. Ecosystem C. Population
B. Ecosystem
A set of organisms within a defined area interacting with one another and with their environment of living and non-living matter is called an A. Species B. Ecosystem C. Sustainable Energy
B. Ecosystem
A form of kinetic energy that travels in the form of waves as a result of changes in electrical and magnetic fields is A. Wind B. Electromagnetic radiation C. Waterfalls
B. Electromagnetic radiation
Which of the following is the best description of the first law of thermodynamics? A. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed B. Energy input always equals energy output, and energy can't be created or destroyed C. Heat is a form of kinetic energy
B. Energy input always equals energy output, and energy can't be created or destroyed
With regards to productivity of an ecosystem, which of the following statements is accurate A. GPP is greater than NPP because of the metabolic process of photosynthesis. B. GPP is greater than NPP because of the metabolic process of respiration C. NPP is greater than GPP because of the metabolic process of photosynthesis
B. GPP is greater than NPP because of the metabolic process of respiration
The variety of genetic material within a species or population is called the A. species diversity B. Genetic diversity C. Functional diversity D. Ecological diversity
B. Genetic diversity
Fossil fuels and minerals are found in the A. Atmosphere B. Geosphere C. Biosphere D. Hydrosphere
B. Geosphere
Geologists find rock and soil samples in the A. Atmosphere B. Geosphere C. Biosphere D. Hydrosphere
B. Geosphere
Sustainable Yield is the A. Profit Yield From a Business that Makes Money From Selling Sustainable Living Furniture. B. Highest rate that a renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing its available supply C. Profit From Tax Breaks Given To Businesses
B. Highest rate that a renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing its available supply
Government subsides to industries can actually contribute to the depletion and degradaition of natural capital if the recipient of the subsidy does not A. Contribute to environmental causes B. Include the value of natural capital in the market price of the goods they produce C. Abide by environmental regulations
B. Include the value of natural capital in the market price of the goods they produce
Which of the following are NOT properties of water A. It expands when it freezes B. It contracts when it freezes C. It can store large amounts of heat without changing its own temperature
B. It contracts when it freezes
Which of the following is a characteristic of frontier science A. It tries to present itself as reliable, but has not had any peer review B. It deals with preliminary (new) data C. It can never be considered reliable science
B. It deals with preliminary (new) data
When energy changes from one form to another A. It goes from a less useful to a more useful form B. It goes from a more useful to a less useful form. C. It maintains the same degree of usefulness.
B. It goes from a more useful to a less useful form.
The concentration of the U.S. population into urban areas has had the following positive effect on our natural resources. A. It has reduced the use of fossil fuels, as delivery of essential goods and services occurs in a more defined, smaller area B. It has helped protect the country's biodiversity by reducing destruction and degration of wildlife habits C. It has reduced global warming, since the use of fossil fuels occurs only in very concentrated areas.
B. It has helped protect the country's biodiversity by reducing destruction and degration of wildlife habits
The cultural carrying capacity is the A. Number of Humans The Planet Can Support With Consumptive Lifestyles B. Maximum number of people the Earth can support at a reasonable level of comfort and freedom without impairing the planet's ability to sustain future generations in the same way C. The Maximum Number of People That Can Be Supported In a Fashion That Allows Them to Pursue Culturally Satisfying Forms of Social Interaction
B. Maximum number of people the Earth can support at a reasonable level of comfort and freedom without impairing the planet's ability to sustain future generations in the same way
"Fecal snow" can be found in which city? A. Sao Paulo B. Mexico City C. Calcutta
B. Mexico City
Genetic resistance to antibiotic drugs is an important example of A. An Adaptive Trait In Humans B. Natural Selection C. A Beneficial Mutation D. A Harmful Mutation
B. Natural Selection
Which of the following statements is most accurate? A. Energy Cycle, Nutrients Flow B. Nutrients cycle, energy flows C. Nutrients flow, energy flows
B. Nutrients cycle, energy flows
Organisms that feed on both plants and animals are called A. Detritus feeders B. Omnivores C. Carnivores D. Herbivores
B. Omnivores
All of the following increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere except A. Respiration B. Photosynthesis C. combustion
B. Photosynthesis
A grizzly bear eating blueberries is best categorized as which of the following? A. Producer B. Primary Consumer C. Tertiary Consumer
B. Primary consumer
You love to buy and eat microwave dinners. After eating, the cardboard tops and plastic trays left over. The least effective way to deal with this type of solid waste problem is to A. Store leftovers B. Put all of the solid waste in the household trash to be taken to the landfill C. Donate the plastic containers tot eh local nursery schools to use with preschoolers
B. Put all of the solid waste in the household trash to be taken to the landfill
The process by which members of isolated populations become so different in genetic makeup that they cannot produce live, fertile offspring if they are rejoined is best described as A. Geographic Isolation B. Reproductive Isolation C. Evolutionary Isolation
B. Reproductive Isolation
A worldview that holds that we can and should manage the Earth for our own benefit but that we also have an ethical responsibility to be caring stewards is called the A. Planetary management worldview B. Stewardship Method C. Environmental wisdom worldview D. None of these answers
B. Stewardship Method
Scientific hypotheses differ from scientific theories in that they are A. Widely accepted descriptions of what we find happening over and over in nature B. Tentative (temporary) explanations that will need further evaluation C. Not subject to proper investigation and testing
B. Tentative (temporary) explanations that will need further evaluation
If a Catastrophic Disease That Afflicts One Certain Species of Tree Invaded These Areas and Eliminated That Species, Which Forest Or Community Would Suffer The Greatest Harm A. The Sonoran Cactus Community B. The British Columbia Coniferous Forest C. The Rain Forest In Washington State
B. The British Columbia Coniferous Forest
Which Forest Or Community Has The Greater Species Richness? A. The Coniferous Forest In British Colombia B. The Costa Rican Tropical Rain Forest C. The Temperate Rain Forest In Washington State
B. The Costa Rican Tropical Rain Forest
Which of the following energy forms is low quality? A. Coal B. The heat dispersed in the ocean C. Electricity
B. The heat dispersed in the ocean
There are currently a number of megacities on the planet, with populations greater than 10 million. The first hypercity on the planet, with a population of 35 million people is. A. Mumbai In India B. Tokyo In Japan C. New York City in the US D. Moscow In Russia
B. Tokyo in Japan
Which country has the fastest growing population? A. China B. United States C. France D. Great Britain
B. United States
All of the following are examples of kinetic energy except A. a speeding bullet B. a car battery C. a flow of electric current
B. a car battery
If you visit Curitiba, Brazil you would expect to find A. No recycling program B. A sophisticated bus system C. Very polluted air
B. a sophisticated bus system
In an ecocity, plants are utilized to provide shade and beauty. Typically, the plants are. A. Always fast-growing, broadleaf plants B. Adapted to local climate and soils C. Adapted so they do not use much water.
B. adapted to local climate and soils
Non-point sources of pollution A. Enter ecosystems from easy to identify sources B. are more difficult to control and correct than point sources C. Include smokestacks and automobile exhaust pipes
B. are more difficult to control and correct than point sources
Which isn't abiotic? a. light b. bacteria c. pH d. Size of soil particles
B. bacteria
Sea otters play a role in maintaining the biodiversity of which ecosystem A. Tidepools B. Costal Kelp Forests C. Coastal Sandy Beaches
B. coastal kelp forests
Carpenter ants, bark beetles, and vultures are all examples of A. primary producers B. detritus feeders C. Decomposers
B. detritus feeders
In the future, costal cities will likely be faced with A. Sever water shortages when the mountain top glaciers that feed the watersheds coming down into these cities melt down by global warming B. Flooding as sea levels rise secondary to global warming C. Higher populations as people move from arid (dry) areas because of droughts D. No changes in water availability or in population size
B. flooding as sea levels rise secondary to global warming
As energy flows in ecosystem, it can be said to A. Cycle, as in a round trip B. Flow from high-quality to low-quality energy in a one-way fashion C. Organisms interact with each other and their nonliving environment
B. flow from high-quality to low-quality energy in one-way fashion
Which of the following are the two most important aspects needed to stabilize living systems A. Resilience And Flexibility B. Inertia And Resilience C. Environmental Resistance And Persistence
B. inertia and resilience
A group of individuals of the same species occupying a given area at the same time is called a. A. Species B. Population C. Community D. Organism
B. population
The obvious relationship demonstrated by a food chain is. A. Competition B. Predation C. Parasitism
B. predation
The atomic number is the number of A. atoms in a molecule B. protons in an atom C. Nuclei in a molecule
B. protons in an atom
Scientific hypotheses differ from scientific theories in that they are A. widely accepted descriptions of what we find happening over and over in nature B. tentative (temporary) explanations that will need further evaluation C. not subject to proper investigation and testing
B. tentative (temporary) explanations that will need further evaluation
Which of the following is an example of a lower quality energy form? A. the electricity that runs your household appliances B. the "heat"that is found in the ocean C. Sunlight
B. the "heat"that is found in the ocean
Which of the following best describes an organism's habitat? A. The Nutrient Relationships With Other Species B. the location where a species lives C. The Types of Resource Requirements
B. the location where a species lives
An organism's niche is best described as its. A. Address B. Way of Life C. Food Source
B. way of life
10,000 years ago the earth's population of humans was roughly 5 million. It took until the year____ for the human population to reach 2 billion A. 1827 B. 1900 C. 1927 D. 1967
C. 1927
The resource consumption of the average person in the United States is about ___ times that of the average citizen of India, and about ___ times that of the average person in the world's poorest country A. 2, 10 B. 5, 10 C. 30, 100
C. 30, 100
Currently, legal and illegal immigration account for _____ of U.S. population growth A. 19% B. 29% C. 42%
C. 42%
If we make a commitment to more sustainable lifestyles now, how long will it take (according to scientific evidence) to fully implement the changes A. 25 years B. 40 years C. 50 Years
C. 50 years
Nitrogen makes up approximately _____% of the volume of the atmosphere A. 42 B. 57 C. 78
C. 78
About _____ if the world's population lives in developing countries A. 40% B. 60% C. 80%
C. 80%
In the United States___ of all urban transportation is by car A. 78% B. 88% C. 98%
C. 98%
Which of the following would undergo secondary succession A. Cooled Volcanic Lava B. An Abandoned Parking Lot C. A Heavily Polluted Stream That Has Been Cleaned Up
C. A Heavily Polluted Stream That Has Been Cleaned Up
Which of the following descriptions would imply/show the greatest "built-in" chance for population growth to take place A. A Large Number Of People Age 29-44 B. A Large Number Of People Under Age 34 C. A Large Number of People Under Age 15
C. A large number of people under age 15
A population crash occurs when. A. Environmental Resistance Comes Into Play Gradually B. Resources Are Essentially Unlimited (unending) C. A population greatly overshoots its carrying capacity
C. A population greatly overshoots its carrying capacity
When we Speak of protecting the environment, we are referring to A. All Living Things On The Planet Only B. All Non-living Things Such AS Air, Fresh Water, And Energy Only. C. All living and non-living things D. Humans and the living and Non-living things that affect them only
C. All living and non-living things
Which of the following best describes how an exologist would typically study an ecosystem? The ecologist would study A. an animal or plant, plus the other organisms with which it interacts B. An animal or plant, the other organisms it interacts with, and its water supply C. An animal or plant, plus all the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) aspects of the ecosystem in which it lives
C. An animal or plant, plus all the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) aspects of the ecosystem in which it lives
Point Sources of pollution A. Enter ecosystems from dispersed (spread out) and often hard-to-identify sources B.Include runoff of fertilizers and pesticides from farmlands and suburban lawns C. Are easier to clean up, and easier to identify than non-point sources
C. Are easier to clean up, and easier to identify than nonpoint sources
Which one of the following is not one of the common phosphorus reservoirs in the ecosystem? A. Water B. Organisms C. Atmosphere
C. Atmosphere
The law of conservation of matter states that A. Atoms can be created B. Atoms can be destroyed C. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed D. Atoms can be destroyed if we compost them.
C. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed
Deserts, tropical forests, prairie grasslands, and forests are all examples of A. Ecosystems with the highest biodiversity B. Ecosystems with low genetic biodiversity C. Biomes
C. Biomes
Evidence for the history of life comes from A. Fossils B. Analysis of glacial ice core and rock samples C. Both "B" and "C" are correct
C. Both "B" and "C" are correct
A relationship in which one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed to any significant degree is best labeled A. Competition B. Predation C. Commensalism
C. Commensalism
Tropical rain forests cover about 2% of the Earth's land surface, and A. Contain less than 10% of the Earth's total biodiversity B. Contain no more than one-fourth of the Earth's biodiversity C. Contain up to one-half (50%) of the Earth's total biodiversity
C. Contain up to one-half (50%) of the Earth's total biodiversity
Some United States cities are attempting to be more livable and more environmentally sustainable. A. Houston and Dallas Texas B. Atlanta Georgia and Miami Florida C. Davis California, Portland Oregon, and Chattanooga Tennessee
C. Davis California, Portland Oregon, and Chattanooga Tennessee
Bacteria and fungi are usually categorized into which of the following ecosystem category? A. Producers B. Primary Consumers C. Decomposers
C. Decomposers
Organisms that break down bodies of dead plants and animals into nutrients that are released into the soil or water are called... A. Detritivores B. Detritus feeders C. Decomposers
C. Decomposers
Most of the energy that makes its way into a food chain is a. converted to biomass B.Recycled as it reaches the chain's end C. Degraded to low-quality heat
C. Degraded to low-quality heat
The amount of useful work accomplished by a particular input of energy into a system is A. Energy potential B. Energy capacity C. Energy efficiency
C. Energy efficiency
Social Movement dedicated to the protection of the Earth's Natural Capital A. Ecology B. Environmental Science C. Environmentalism
C. Environmentalism
The crust, core and mantle are all areas located within the A. Stratosphere B. Bioshere C. Geosphere
C. Geosphere
Submarines explore the A. Geosphere B. Biosphere C. Hydrosphere
C. Hydrosphere
Which of the following choices best describes the sequence scientists typically use in the beginning stages of their investigations about how nature works A. Ask a question --> Search Literature--> perform experiment--> analyze data--> Identify problem B. Search Literature--> ask a question--> identify a problem--> analyze data--> perform experiment C. Identify a problem--> search literature(collect data)--> create a hypothesis--> perform experiment--> analyze data
C. Identify a problem--> search literature(collect data)--> create a hypothesis--> perform experiment--> analyze data
It can be said that amphibian populations are declining worldwide A. In all areas except in protected wildlife preserves, where they are increasing somewhat B. Except in the Arctic where they are surviving okay C. In all areas, Even in protected wildlife preserves and parks
C. In all areas, Even in protected wildlife preserves and parks
Root causes of unsustainability include all of the following except A. Poverty B. Rapid population growth C. Including environmental and social costs in market prices of goods and services.
C. Including environmental and social costs in market prices of goods and services.
Science A. Attempts to discover things in nature, in order to understand the past B. Is best described as a random collection of facts C. Is an endeavor to discover how nature works
C. Is an endeavor to discover how nature works
Net primary productivity A. is the rate at which producers use chemical energy through respiration B. Is the rate of photosynthesis plus the rate of respiration C. Is usually reported as the energy output of a specified are of producers over a given time
C. Is usually reported as the energy output of a specified are of producers over a given time
What is an important characteristic that would tell us whether a resource should be categorized as a renewable resource? A. It Must Be a Biological Resource B. It Must Be Recyclable C. It must have the capacity to be replenished within days to several hundred years
C. It must have the capacity to be replenished within days to several hundred years
Although it took thousands of years for the human population to increase to the first 2 billion, it took _____ years for it to increase by another 2 billion A. 100 B. 75 C. Just less than 50
C. Just less than 50
Characteristic of the reproductive pattern of most large mammals A. Give Very Little Parental Care B. Low Survival Rate Of Offspring C. Long gestation periods (length of pregnancy)
C. Long gestation periods (length of pregnancy)
A relationship in which both species benefit is best labeled A. Competition B. Predation C. Mutualism
C. Mutualism
The relationship between clown-fish and sea anemones is A. Predation B. Parasitism C. Mutualism
C. Mutualism
"Individuals within a species with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce under a particular set of environmental conditions than those without the traits" is called A. Emigration B. Mutation C. Natural Selection
C. Natural Selection
Which of the following is true with regard to mutations? A. Mutations Always Provide For Beneficial Changes In An Organism's Genetic Makeup. B. Mutations Are Chosen By The Organism To Improve Their Survival C. Natural selection determines the types of mutations that survive in a population
C. Natural selection determines the types of mutations that survive in a population
The form of nitrogen most usable to plants is A. Nitrogen gas B. Proteins C. Nitrates
C. Nitrates
All of the following are potentially renewable resources except A. Trees in a forest B. Fertile Soil C. Oil
C. Oil
Ecology is the study of how... A. Atoms make up the environment B. Humans affect the environment C. Organisms interact with each other and their nonliving environment
C. Organisms interact with each other and their nonliving environment
Which of the following organisms would be best described as a specialist species A. Cockroaches B. Human Beings C. Panda Bears
C. Panda Bears
Which of the following biogeochemical cycles does not include the atmosphere as a temporary reservoir? A. Nitrogen B. Carbon C. Phosphorous
C. Phosphorous
Hawks typically forage for their rodent prey species during the daytime. While owls may eat similar prey species, and live in the same area, the forage during the night. This is best described as an example of. A. Interspecific Competition B. Mutualism C. Resource Partitioning
C. Resource Partitioning
A logistic growth curve depicting a population that is limited by a definite carrying capacity is shaped like the letter_________. A. L B. M C. S D. U
C. S
Essential characteristic of planet Earth that allows it to maintain an atmosphere? A. Presence of Water B. Distance From The Sun C. Size of the planet
C. Size of the planet
Which of the following would be best categorized as a perpetual resource? A. Oil Reserves B. Fisheries C. Solar Energy D. Forests
C. Solar Energy
Ozone, a gaseous O³ molecule that filters out harmful UV radiation, is found in the A. Geosphere B. Hydrosphere C. Stratosphere
C. Stratosphere
Protons, neutrons, and electrons are all A. Forms of energy B. Equal in mass C. Subatomic particles
C. Subatomic particles
Which of the following ecosystems has the highest net primary productivity? A. Open ocean B. temperate forest C. Swamps and marshes
C. Swamps and marshes
Smart growth or new urbanism tools include greenbelts around cities, high density cluster housing, and A. Extensive freeway networks to provide efficient travel to and from work B. Taxing buildings C. Taxing land instead of buildings
C. Taxing land instead of buildings
Which Area Has The Greater Species Evenness? A. The Temperate Rain Forest in Washington State B. The Tropical Forest In Costa Rica C. The Coniferous Forest In British Colombia and The Temperate Rain Forest In Washington State Both Exhibit Species Evenness Higher Than The Other Areas.
C. The Coniferous Forest In British Colombia and The Temperate Rain Forest In Washington State Both Exhibit Species Evenness Higher Than The Other Areas.
In the demographic transition model, death rates fall and birth rates remain high during A. The Industrial Stage B. The Postindustrial Stage C. The Transitional Stage
C. The Transitional Stage
What effect has the geological process of plate tectonics had on the process of evolution over time? A. The Changing Location Of The Plates Across the Earth's Surface Exposes Organisms To Differing Concentrations Of Mutagens, Thus Increasing Or Decreasing The Rate of Evolution B. The Rate Of Evolutionary Change Is Directly Proportional To The Speed With Which the Earth's Tectonic Plates Are Moving C. The changing location of the plates across the Earth's surface results in changing climatic environmental conditions for many communities and populations of organisms. This has driven evolutionary change
C. The changing location of the plates across the Earth's surface results in changing climatic environmental conditions for many communities and populations of organisms. This has driven evolutionary change
Carrying Capacity refers to. A. Reproductive Rate B. Interation of Natality (birth rate) and Mortality (death rate) C. The maximum size of population that the environment will support
C. The maximum size of population that the environment will support
Which of the following statements best describes insect species as a group? A. They have backbones B. About eight million species have been identified by scientists C. They are resistant to extinction
C. They are resistant to extinction
The average number of children born to women in a population during their reproductive years is the. A. Crude Birth Rate B. Total Birth Rate C. Total Fertility Rate
C. Total Fertility Rate
Which of the following is best categorized as an example of a natural service? A. Renewable Energy B. Nonrenewable Energy C. Water Purification
C. Water Purification
Which of the following sources of iron would be of the highest quality? A. iron deposits on the ocean floor B. a field of spinach C. a large scrap metal junkyard
C. a large scrap metal junkyard
Specialist Species A. Are Very Adaptable B. Tolerate a Wide Range of Environments C. are more likely to become extinct D. Eat a Wide Variety of Food
C. are more likely to become extinct
A climax community is a A. community in primary succession B. community in secondary succession C. balanced community
C. balanced community
An element A. is identical to a compound B. is made up of compounds C. can combine with one or more other elements to make a compound
C. can combine with one or more other elements to make a compound
The urban growth occurring in developing countries is A. Helping to eliminate urban poverty B. Generally offset by migration to rural areas C. Caused by both immigration and natural increase
C. caused by both immigration and natural increase
What best describes the concept of environmental degration A. Using Solar Power At a Rapid Date B. Growing Crops For Food C. cutting trees for wood products faster then the trees can regrow to maturity
C. cutting trees for wood products faster then the trees can regrow to maturity
Which ecosystem component plays a key role in the recycling of nutrients in the biosphere? A. Primary Consumers B. Herbivores C. Decomposers
C. decomposers
Factors that act to limit the growth of populations are collectively called. A. Death B. Emigration C. Environmental Resistence
C. environmental resistance
What is false about women's employment /economic status is false? A. Women do more than half the work gathering fuelwood B. women do more than half of the work involved in producing food C. have half the worlds assets assets (money/property)
C. have half the worlds assets assets (money/property)
A city can be described as a A. Cool Pocket B. Dust Bowl C. Heat Island
C. heat island
It can be said that poverty is becoming ________ urbanized, mostly in ______ countries A. less, developing B. increasingly, developed C. increasingly, devoloping
C. increasingly, devoloping
Two useful indicators of overall health in a country or region are A. Birth Rate and Death Rate B. Replacement-level Fertility Rate and Total Fertility Rate C. life expectancy and infant mortality rate D. Life Expectancy and Death Rate
C. life expectancy and infant mortality rate
The atomic mass number is equal to the sum of the A. neutrons and isotopes B. neutrons and electrons C. neutrons and protons
C. neutrons and protons
An ecocity is A. Industry oriented B. Profit oriented C. People oriented
C. people oriented
Which of the following terms best describe the ability of a living system to repair damage after an external disturbance? A. Persistance B. Constancy C. Resilience
C. resilience
A mechanism (way, method) that similar species are known to use in their interactions with each to reduce competition is called A. Extinction B. Niche Modification C. Resource Partitioning
C. resource partitioning
Since 1980, the U.S. population has. A. Shifted to the north and west B. shifted to the south and east C. shifted to the south and west
C. shifted to the south and west
Energy can be formally defined as A. the velocity of any moving object B. the heat generated by atoms losing electrons C. the ability to do work or produce heat transfer
C. the ability to do work or produce heat transfer
The age structure of a population is the number or percentage of. A. Males Age 15-44 B. Females At Reproductive Age C. The Number Of People In The Young, Middle, and Older Age Groups
C. the number of people in the young, middle, and older age groups.
Breathing the air of Mexico City is like smoking_______ packs of cigarettes each day. A. One B. Two C. Three
C. three
The three most populous countries on the Earth are, in order of population size from largest to smallest
China, India, and the United States
The crude birth rate is the number of live births per _____ persons in a given year A. 50 B. 100 C. 500 D. 1,000
D. 1,000
Everyday, approximately _____ new people are added to the global population A. 50,000 B. 100,000 C. 150,000 D. 250,000 (quarter of a million)
D. 250,000 (quarter of a million)
Urban populations occupy only about 2% of the earth's land area, but they consume ________ of its resources A. 20% B. 45% C. 0% D. 75%
D. 75%
An example of potential energy is A. electricity flowing through a wire B. the chemical energy in a candy bar C. A bullet fired at high velocity D. A leaf falling from a tree
D. A leaf falling from a tree
An environmentally sustainable environment society does the following: A. Protects natural capital B. lives off the income natural capital provides C. does not compromise the ability of future generations to meet their basic needs D. All These Answers
D. All These Answers
Geographic Isolation can result from A. volcanic eruption B. earthquake C. mountain range D. All These Answers
D. All These Answers
The building blocks of matter can be A. Atoms B. Ions C. Molecules D. All These Answers
D. All These Answers
Which of the following factors have contributed (added) to the expansion of the earth;s carrying for humans? A. Increased food production B. control of competing populations C. expanding our population into formerly uninhabitable areas D. All These Answers
D. All These Answers
Women tend to have fewer children when they. A. live in societies in which their individual rights are protected B. have access to good paying jobs outside the home C. have access to education D. All These Answers
D. All These Answers
Mutations A. Can occur in any cell B. Can result from radioactivity C. Can be the result of a random, spontaneous changes in cells D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Autotrophs A.Make the nutrients they need from compounds and energy obtained from their environment B.are known as producers C.carry on photosynthesis D. All of these Answers
D. All of these Answers
Photosynthesis A. Is accomplished by consumers B. Produces carbon dioxide and oxygen gas C. Yields glucose and oxygen gas as products
D. All of these Answers
Effects Pollution Might Include A. A reduced number of fish species in a stream because of road salt runoff B. acid rain-induced destruction of a statue in your city park C. An increase in the number of respiratory diseases in polluted cities. D. All of these answers
D. All of these answers
Evidence we are living unsustainably includes which of the following A. Renewable forests are shrinking B. Agricultural lands are deteriorating C. coral reefs are disappearing D. All of these answers
D. All of these answers
Life on Earth depends on the following interconnected factors A. One-way flow of high quality energy B. Cycling of nutrients C. Gravity D. All of these answers
D. All of these answers
The disappearance of tropical rainforests should be a concern to us because A. It will accelerate global warming B. The forests will most likely be replaced by grasslands in the future, which has much less biodiversity D. All of these answers
D. All of these answers
The fossil records are incomplete because A. Not all fossils have been found B. Some fossils have decomposed C. Some life forms left no fossils D. All of these answers
D. All of these answers
Why Pollution Cleanups can be Ineffective A. They often take pollutants from one part of the environment and transfer them to another B. Once pollutants are dispersed it costs too much to reduce them to acceptable levels C. They Can be made harder by growth in a population and consumption D. All of these answers
D. All of these answers
Major factor in human population increase in the last 200 years A. Humans have developed the ability to expand into almost all of the planet's climate zones B. Early and modern agriculture has allowed more people to be fed per unit of land area C. Improved health and sanitation has lowered the death rate D. All these Answers
D. All these Answers
The long-term sustainablility of life on Earth has depended on A.Solar Energy B. nutrient recycling C. biodiversity D. All these answers
D. All these answers
age structure diagrams A. Show The Number Of Males And Females In The Reproductive Age Categories Only B. Are Strictly For Present Use And Do Not Provide Insight Into Future Trends C. Are Useful For Studying Developing Countries But Not Developed Countries D. Are Useful For Predicting Population Momentum
D. Are Useful For Predicting Population Momentum
Developed Countries A. Are Low-Income B. Use About 88% Of The World's Resoruces C. Make Up About 80% of The world's population D. Are both high-income and use about 88% of the worlds resource
D. Are both high-income and use about 88% of the worlds resource
When matter undergoes a physical change A. The arrangement of atoms does not change B. The physical or spatial pattern changes (like crumpling a piece of paper). C. The arrangement of the ions in the matter changes. D. Both "a" and "b" are true.
D. Both "a" and "b" are true.
Infant mortality rate refers to the number of children out of 1,000 that die. A. Before Birth B. In Their First Month C. In The First Half-year Of Life D. By Their First Birthday
D. By Their First Birthday
The smallest functional and structural unit of life is the A. Atom B. Compound C. Molecule D. Cell
D. Cell
Which list of items contains only ions? A. CO2, H2O, Na+, H- B. Na+, H-, Pb, Hg C. Pb, Hg, CO2,NaCl D. Cl-, Na+, Ca2+, F-
D. Cl-, Na+, Ca2+, F-
Which of the following would be categorized as a non-renewable resource A. Fisheries B. Solar Energy C. Forests D. Coal Reserves
D. Coal Reserves
Which of the following would be categorized as a non-renewable resource A. Fisheries B. Solar Energy C. Forests D. Coal Reserves
D. Coal Reserves
The organisms that are classified as primary consumers are the A. Omnivores B. Carnivores C. Decomposers D. Herbivores
D. Herbivores
All physical forms of water (solid, liquid, and gas) make uo the A. Geosphere B. Biosphere C. Troposphere D. Hydrosphere
D. Hydrosphere
Which Of The Following Best Describes What Is Meant By An Ecological Footprint? A. It is The Average Size of The Lot On Which a Family Home is Built B. It is The Number of Acres Necessary To Grow Enough Food To Support a Family C. It is The Geographic Area In Which a Person Travels During The Course of Their Average Daily Activities D. It is The Amount of Biologically-productive Land and Water Needed To Supply The People In a Particular Country Or Area With Necessary Resources
D. It is The Amount of Biologically-productive Land and Water Needed To Supply The People In a Particular Country Or Area With Necessary Resources
Isotopes differ from each other by their number of A. Ions B. Protons C. Atoms D. Neutrons
D. Neutrons
Genetic information is contained in coded units found on the chromosomes called A. DNA Molecules B. Genes C. Macromolecules D. Nucleotides
D. Nucleotides
Advantages of Mass Rail systems include. A. Causes fewer injuries and deaths than cars B. Inexpensive to build C. Produces less air pollution than cars D. Only "a" and "c" are correct.
D. Only "a" and "c" are correct.
Which Of The Following Statements About Developing Countries Is True? A. They Are Highly Industrialized (have lots of big businesses) B. They Have High-average Per Capita Income. C. They Include The United States, Germany, and Japan D. They Are Classified as Middle-income Or Low-income, And Have Less Money
D. They Are Classified as Middle-income Or Low-income, And Have Less Money
The hydrologic cycle refers to the movement of A. Oxygen B. Nitrogen C. Hydrocarbons D. Water
D. Water
The three major types of organic polymers (compounds) are A. minerals, proteins, and nucleic acids B. proteins, nucleotides, and minerals C. minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids D. carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins
D. carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins
Some forms of electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths are A. Visible light and IR radiation B. Visible light and x-rays C. x-rays and radio waves D. gamma rays and x-rays
D. gamma rays and x-rays
Organisms that feed on plants are called A. detritus feeders B. Omnivores C. Carnivores D. Herbivores
D. herbivores
The majority of sulfur on the planet is A. dissolved in saltwater in the oceans B. Located underground in rocks and minerals C. Buried in ocean sediments D. only B & C are correct
D. only B & C are correct
A relationship in which a member of one species obtains its nourishment by living on, in, or near a member of another species over an extended time is best labeled A. Competition B. Predation C. Mutualism D. Parasitism
D. parasitism
Most forms of energy can be classified as either A. Chemical or physical B. Kinetic or mechanical C. potential or mechanical D. potential or kinetic
D. potential or kinetic
All of the following are consumers except A. Herbivores B. Omnivores C. Carnivores D. Producers
D. producers
Countries undergoing rapid population decline may experience a rise in the proportion of the population. A. That is on social security B. that is consuming a large fraction of medical services C. who are older people D. that are able to work, but do not, which causes labor shortages E. All These Answers
E. All These Answers
Dispersed Cities A. exist where land is plentiful B. exist where gasoline is cheap C. are found in the United States D. Require a network of highways for convenient travel E. All These Answers
E. All These Answers
Essential characteristic that allows life to exist on planet Earth A. Temperature B. Presence Of Water C. Distance From The Sun D. Size of The Planet E. All These Answers
E. All These Answers
In Curitiba, Brazil A. Day care centers are free for low-income parents B. Recycled old buses are used as health clinics and soup kitchens C. 95% of citizens can read D. 70% of the paper used is recycled E. All These Answers
E. All These Answers
Nonrenewable resources include A. Oil B. Minerals C. Salt and Sand D. Coal E. All These Answers
E. All These Answers
Primary succession would most likely occur in which area A. On bare rock exposed by a retreating glacier B. on an abandoned highway C. in a newly made pond D. any place where there is no soil E. All These Answers
E. All These Answers
Which is true about accidents in driving in the U.S. A. About 1.2 million people are killed worldwide annually in motor vehicle accidents B. motor vehicles are the largest source of air pollution C. more Americans have been killed by automobiles than on battlefields in all U.S. wars D. In the United states, more than 40,000 people die annually in motor vehicle accidents E. All These Answers
E. All These Answers
Which of the climate/ weather conditions are usually higher in urban areas than in suburbs and rural areas? A. Cloud cover B. temperature C. fog D. precipitation E. All These Answers
E. All These Answers
Which of the following are benefits of urbanization? A. Birth rates are lower B. people have better access to healthcare C. people have better access to education D. recycling is more economically feasible E. All These Answers
E. All These Answers
Which of the following are factors that SLOW OR STOP demographic transition in developing countries? A. shortages of scientists, engineers and skilled workers B. insufficient financial capital (not enough money) C. large debts to developed countries (owe lots of money to developed countries) D. a drop in economic (money) assistance from developed countries since 1985 E. All These Answers
E. All These Answers
Which of the following factors can be said to favor (lead to) urban sprawl? A. Cheap Gasoline B. Affordable Land C. Increased Prosperity D. Poor Urban Planning E. All These Answers
E. All These Answers
Biodiversity consists of A. The variety of the Earth's species B. The genes of the Earth's species contain C. The ecosystems in which the Earth's species live D. The ecosystem processes of energy flow and nutrient cycling E. All of these answers
E. All of these answers
Which of the following are believed to be factors that are contributing to the decline in amphibian populations? A. Habitat loss and fragmentation B. Viral and fungal diseases and parasites C. Increase in UV radiation D. Prolonged drought E. All of these answers
E. All of these answers
Which of the following is NOT among theThree Scientific Principles of Sustainability A. Photosynthesis B. Flowing Water C. Wind Energy D. Biofuels E. All of these answers
E. All of these answers
Which of the following is gained wither directly or indirectly from solar energy? A. Photosynthesis B. Flowering Water C. Wind Energy D. Biofuels E. All of these answers
E. All of these answers
Which of the following is/are thought to be in part responsible for the evolutionary success of humans? A. Humans possess strong opposable thumbs. B. Humans walk upright C. Humans have complex brains D. Humans are able ti use tools E. All of these answers
E. All of these answers
Following ways that humans have degraded natural capital to meet their own needs and wants A. increasing use of the Earth's net primary productivity B. Relying mostly on polluting and climate-changing fossil fuels C. Using some renewable resources faster then they can be replenished D. eliminating many natural predators and reducing biodiversity E. All these Answers
E. All these Answers
Which of the following areas of study are NOT important in the study of environmental science A. Biology B. Chemistry C. Geology D. Economics E. All these answers
E. All these answers
Which of the following is a goal of environmental science A. Learn how nature works B. Understand how we interact with the environment C. Live more sustainably D. Find ways to deal with environmental problems E. All these answers
E. All these answers
Which of the following statements is/are true? A. The United States is a car-centered nation B. One-third of the world's passenger cars and commercial vehicles are in the United States C. Three of every four United States residents drive alone to work every day D. All Americans combined, drive about the same distance in a year as all other drivers in the world combined> E. All these answers
E. All these answers
Matter A. is anything that has mass and occupies space B. has the capacity to do work C. can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas D. can produce change E. both "a" and "c" are correct
E. both "a" and "c" are correct
the 3 "R's" A. Recycle, reuse, reduce B. Reuse, reduce, recycle C. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
