Ultimate Unit 2 Exam Review ;)

Which of the following states was the first to ratify the Constitution?

Delaware

What did Hamilton do in his debate with Jefferson over the national bank's constitutionality?

He used the doctrine of implied powers.

Why did Jefferson go through with the Louisiana Purchase, despite the potential ideological problems it posed?

He wanted to create a protective buffer separating the United States from the rest of the world.

Which war hawk loudly proclaimed that his state of Kentucky was ready to march on Canada and rid the Northwest of its so-called "Indian problem"?

Henry Clay

Guilford Courthouse was a hard-fought battle between American forces under General Greene and British forces under Lord Cornwallis. Which of the following statements describes repercussions of the battle?

It resulted in a very costly British victory for Cornwallis that forced him to retreat to North Carolina with his remaining forces.

Which of the following statements accurately describes Jefferson's Embargo Act?

It sought to stop all American exports.

What was the significance of the French Revolution to the United States in its infancy?

It tested the ability of the United States to remain neutral in world affairs and resulted in heightened divisions between Federalists and Democratic Republicans during Washington's second term.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Bank of the United States?

It would provide regulation of national currency.

The Sedition Act was aimed primarily at

Republican newspaper editors.

Which of the following was a promise of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?

Slavery would be banned north of the Ohio River.

The Marquis de Lafayette served the American cause during the war as

Washington's most trusted aide.

Which of the following statements describe actions taken by Benjamin Franklin's son, William, and what do they suggest about the war?

William's loyalty to Britain demonstrates how the war was in many ways a civil war, with the need to choose sides dividing families and friends.

During 1780, the Revolutionary War had become

a contest of endurance in which Americans had the advantage

Alexander Hamilton's basic vision of America was to make it

a vibrant capitalist power.

Shay's Rebellion was led by

indebted farmers

In 1777, Washington dealt with the threat of smallpox to his army by

ordering a mass inoculation.

The Iroquois and Tories led numerous raids against

Patriot settlements along the New York frontier.

Which of the following did the delegates at the Hartford Convention do?

They proposed a series of constitutional amendments to limit Republican influence in government.

Which of the following is true of the state militia units that made up the initial American military force and later came to augment the Continental army?

They were largely civilians who often decided for themselves when to join or leave the fighting.

Who said, "We are all Republicans—we are all Federalists"?

Thomas Jefferson

The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions argued that states could nullify federal laws. Who wrote the Resolutions and in response to what federal laws?

Thomas Jefferson and James Madison wrote the resolutions against the Alien and Sedition Acts.

The Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom was written by

Thomas Jefferson.

In the early 1800s, the United States paid bribes to the Barbary pirate states of North Africa to leave American shipping alone. What led Jefferson to send warships and fight a naval war?

Tripoli insisted on higher payments to free captured American sailors.

The Federalist essay Number 10 explains how a republic can

be successful in a large, diverse society.

In May 1806, the British Parliament passed the Orders in Council; these orders

blockaded the European coast to prevent shipping from the United States and other nations.

The Baron von Steuben observed at Valley Forge that

continental soldiers could be inattentive and required instruction on why they should follow orders.

The Constitution addressed slavery by

counting slaves as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of apportionment.

Jefferson showed his commitment to limited government by

cutting military spending.

Benedict Arnold became notorious late in the war by

defecting to the British.

Whereas a __________ would have meant that citizens voted on all major decisions affecting them, the new United States after the Revolutionary War was technically a _______, in which property-holding white men elected representatives, or legislators, to make key decisions on their behalf.

direct democracy, representative democracy

The news of Yorktown inspired the British to

end the war.

One key element of Hamilton's program to encourage manufacturing was his proposal for

high protective tariffs.

Elite Virginians despised Lord Dunmore because of his

offer of freedom to slaves who would join the British.

In August 1776, General Washington had 28,000 men under his command. By December, he had

3,000.

The collection of essays known as The Federalist Papers was written by

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the effects of Jay's Treaty?

Although the United States was divided on its passage, the treaty improved relations between the United States and Britain by reopening American merchants' access to West Indies trade.

Because of associations with the British, the Revolution was especially detrimental to the status of the

Anglicans.

The emergence of two political parties reflected the basic philosophical differences between Jefferson and Hamilton. Which of the following accurately describes Jefferson's philosophy and political party?

As a Democratic Republican, Jefferson was concerned about threats to individual rights and states' rights posed by big government.

Why did some Federalists attempt to elect Aaron Burr as governor of New York?

to link New York to New England politically, out of fear the Louisiana Territory would be dominated by Jeffersonian Republicans

Which of the following is true of impressment in the early nineteenth century?

British warships stopped American merchant ships and forced sailors into the British navy.

Commodore Perry's victory on Lake Erie resulted in

British withdrawal from Upper Canada.

Which of the following was true of the democracy that emerged at the turn of the century?

Common men were no longer content to be governed by an aristocracy.

Which of the following was true of Congress under the Articles of Confederation?

Congress had less power than the colonists had once accepted in British Parliament

In which of the following battles did the Americans achieve a decisive victory when the Americans and British were, in a rare occurrence, evenly matched?

Cowpens

The Twelfth Amendment was added to the Constitution to avoid the problems associated with the presidential election of 1800. What did the Twelfth Amendment put into law?

It required that electors had to use separate ballots to vote for a president and a vice president.

Which of the following was a result of the Battle of Saratoga?

France's entry on the American side

Which of the following was a result of Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey?

Frontier farmers formed a rebellion because they had little cash, and grain alcohol was their most valuable commodity.

Which of the following statements is true of Edmond-Charles Genêt?

He encouraged American privateers to attack English and Spanish vessels.

The founding fathers viewed the most democratic entity of the government as the

House of Representatives.

How did the creation of state governments in the wake of the American Revolution affect political participation?

In some states, any male taxpayer could vote, no matter how much property he owned.

Immediately after the end of the Revolution, the most popular public ritual in the United States became

Independence Day.

Which of the following statements about Thomas Paine's The American Crisis is accurate?

It bolstered American morale.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Judiciary Act of 1801?

It created sixteen federal circuit courts and reduced the number of Supreme Court justices.

What did the Treaty of Ghent do?

It ended the War of 1812 and restored previous boundaries.

When Britain and France went to war in 1793, which of the following did the United States do?

It expressed neutrality, warning Americans not to aid either side.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Patriot militia?

It frustrated Washington with its lack of discipline.

Which of the following is true of Madison's Virginia Plan?

It proposed a two-house Congress.

Which of the following was an effect of the War of 1812?

It reaffirmed American independence but caused a reversal in attitudes among Republicans and Federalists.

The convention's most gifted political philosopher and the man who emerged as its central figure was

James Madison.

Why was the election of 1800 significant?

Jefferson and Aaron Burr were tied with the same exact number of electoral votes, which created a political crisis over the transition of power.

The 1804 presidential election resulted in

Jefferson's landslide reelection

Americans won a tremendous victory in October 1777 with the surrender of

John Burgoyne.

Who did most of the work during the negotiations leading to the Treaty of Paris?

John Jay and Benjamin Franklin

In the case of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court chief justice who established the principle of judicial review was

John Marshall.

What was the significance of the response of the American public to the War of 1812?

Like the Revolution, the war was very much a civil war, with divided allegiances among former American Loyalists, Americans, and Canadians.

Which of the following was true of women during the Revolutionary War?

Married women still were viewed as the property of their husbands, but the war offered many opportunities to broaden their social roles by supporting the armies in various ways.

The Hartford Convention illustrated deep opposition in ________ to the war.

New England.

In early 1789, the new Congress gathered in the national capital, which was

New York City.

How did the Constitution affect immigration and naturalization?

The Constitution said little about immigration and naturalization, which has allowed policy to change over the years in response to fluctuating political moods and economic needs.

Which of the following was a result of the Battle at Brandywine Creek?

The Patriots lost Philadelphia, with the Continental Congress fleeing to avoid capture

What was one of the reasons why the American Revolution was significant to Europe?

The war proved a world war in that the United States managed to form military alliances with countries that wished to humble Great Britain, including France, Spain, and the Netherlands.

Why did the British shift their strategic focus to their military effort in the South?

They believed that Loyalists were more numerous in the South.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the delegates who met at the Constitutional Convention?

They included many participants from the Revolution who engaged in active debate with one another.

On the western frontier, the Mohawks, Shawnees, and Delawares convinced the Cherokees to

attack frontier settlements in Virginia and the Carolinas.

Washington gave his farewell address on September 17, 1796, during which he advised the United States to

avoid permanent alliances with other countries.

Jefferson's ending of the international slave trade

failed to stop the illegal importation from Africa of hundreds of thousands of enslaved Africans.

Pinckney's Treaty between Spain and the United States resolved many outstanding border questions. The treaty was also an important development because it

gave Americans access to Spanish New Orleans for trade.

Why was the Battle of New Orleans significant

it resulted in an American victory that helped set up Jackson as a possible presidential candidate.

The Louisiana Purchase was Jefferson's greatest achievement as president and risky as

it was not clearly constitutional

One of the MOST remembered aspects of the British assault upon Baltimore was

its inspiration for the eventual national anthem.

During the period of the Revolution, a slave might gain his freedom by

joining the British army.

As a result of the War of 1812, President Madison

learned the value of some Federalist policies

Lewis and Clark's expedition

led the United States to claim Oregon Country.

Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark to map out and explore well beyond the Mississippi. They eventually

made it to the Pacific Ocean.

Thomas Jefferson believed that a large federal debt would

mean even more debt and public corruption.

In his inaugural address, President Washington emphasized

national unity.

One way in which Jefferson was contradictory by nature was that he

nearly went bankrupt personally due to expensive tastes but championed government frugality

Madison decided to support Hamilton's debt proposals in return for an agreement to

relocate the nation's capital southward.

The convention, which assembled in May 1787, was supposed to

revise the Articles of Confederation.

On the question of women's rights, the proposed Constitution

said nothing.

In the case of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court decided that the Judiciary Act of 1789 was

unconstitutional, because the Constitution only specified that the Court should have original jurisdiction in cases involving foreign ambassadors or nations.

The greatest support for the declaration of war in 1812 came from

the agricultural regions from Pennsylvania southward and westward

The British invasion of the mid-Atlantic coast in 1814 resulted in

the capture and burning of Washington, D.C.

Western settlers and politicians believed war with Britain might enable

the conquest of Canada.

The Articles of Confederation failed to give the federal government

the right to levy taxes on trade and commerce without unanimous approval from the states.

The British defeat at New Orleans is best explained by

their attack upon a strong defensive position.

The Articles of Confederation were fully ratified and became effective

to essentially legalize the way things had been operating since independence had been declared.

Under President Adams, a war between the United States and France

was an undeclared naval conflict.

The British army under Cornwallis at Yorktown

was too small and weak to escape from a trap by combined French and American forces.

In late December 1776, George Washington was able to reverse American fortunes by

winning battles at Trenton and Princeton.