Understanding Psychology, Introduction to Psychology

Select all of the following that is included in cognitive psychology. (Select all that apply)

thinking, problem solving, judging, language

Which perspective in psychology focuses on nurture over nature?

Behavioral

_________ psychology studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death.

Developmental

Darwin's concept of natural selection is most closely related to what branch of psychology?

Evolutionary

_________ psychology emphasizes how perception is organized.

Gestalt

_________ psychology is an approach that focuses on the idea that the whole is different from the sum of its parts.

Gestalt

Which subfield of psychology includes both psychological factors and physical diseases?

Health

___________ is procedure used to study the structure of the mind, the main method of investigation for structuralists; looking into on'es own mind for information.

Introspection

Which of the following is true of the neuroscience perspective?

It emphasizes that the brain is central to understanding behavior, thought, and emotion.

Who used the functionalist approach to develop the field of school psychology?

John Dewey

What group was barred from many psychology graduate programs in the early 1900s?

Women

William __________ created the first psychology laboratory.

Wundt

What was the movement founded by William James?

Functionalism

_________ is an approach that concentrates on what the mind does and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environment.

Functionalism

Cross-cultural psychology investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning across various __________ and ethnic groups.

cultural

Gestalt psychologists believe that, when it comes to perception, the whole is

different from the sum of its parts.

The field of __________ is involved in the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

psychology

The behavioral perspective emphasizes the role of _________ in behavior.

the environment

If treating someone for depression, a humanist might focus on

their goals and aspirations

What are some of the issues surrounding world like race and ethnicity in psychology?

there are no common accepted names for races and ethnic groups, there is a disagreement whether focus should be on geographic origin or skin color.

In trying to help someone with a mental illness, the psycho dynamic perspective suggests that we should explore

unconscious processes

Unlike structuralism, functionalism focuses on

why behavior occurs

In the United States, __________ outnumber ___________ in the field of psychology.

women, men

True or false: Functionalism focuses on the mind's structure.

False. Functionalism focuses on how the mind functions.

Margie would like help with her recent tendency to become depressed. Margie should do which of the following?

Find a licensed psychologist.

Is an approach that concentrates on what the mind does and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environment

Functionalism

What is the perspective of psychology that focuses on the uniqueness of each individual rather than similarities between people?

Humanistic

A procedure used to study the structure of the mind in which subjects are asked to describe in detail what they are experiencing when they are exposed to a stimulus is called:

Introspection

Which psychological perspective examines how the brain and the nervous system affect behavior?

Neuroscience perspective

The _______ perspective in psychology focuses on observable behavior rather than inner unconscious forces.

behavioral

The only perspective of the big five in psychology that emphasizes observable behavior over internal mental processes is

behavioral

Which perspective is being practiced when a psychologist focuses on the activities a person is engaging in, and not the thoughts or feelings the person has?

behavioral

Each theoretical perspective has a position somewhere on the "nature vs. nurture" debate. Which of the following perspectives would likely emphasize nurture more than nature.

behavioral, humanistic

Which subfield of psychology combines neuroscience and clinical psychology to understand psychological disorders?

clinical neuropsychology

Which two perspectives in psychology emphasize free will over determinism?

cognitive and humanistic

From the following, select the five perspectives in psychology that are most practiced today.

cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic, neuroscience, humanistic

Humanistic psychology focuses on the __________ as a determinant of behavior.

conscious

Choices made by an individual exemplify ______ rather than those that are not under our control.

free will

Determinism is the idea that behavior is a reflection of

factors beyond the control of the individual.

The cognitive perspective

focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world.

The idea that individuals make choices to display abnormal behavior is called

free will

In comparison to a PhD, a PsyD psychologist is more likely to:

have been trained exclusively to treat mental disorders.

Unlike clinical psychologists, counseling psychologists help people who are

having difficulty adjusting to new circumstances

In which of the following settings would you be likely to find a psychologist working?

hospital, public school district, university, government

Which procedure was favored by structuralists over functionalists?

introspection

Wundt and others used a technique called ______, a technique that involved describing in their own words and in as much detail as possible, what they were experiencing.

introspection

The behavioral perspective is likely to suggest that how you act is the result of which of the following?

learning history

Like structuralism, functionalism focuses on

mental processes

Clinical ______ is the branch of psychology that unites the areas of neuroscience and clinical psychology.

neuropsychology

Behavioral __________ considers how our brain and nervous system, and other biological aspects of the body, influence our behavior.

neuroscience

It is hoped that advances in _______ will allow psychologists to focus more on prevention of psychological disorders rather than only treatment.

neuroscience

____________ is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

psychology

John Dewey drew upon the functionalist approach to develop the field of _________ psychology

school

Experimental psychology is the branch of psychology that studies the processes of __________ about the world. Select all that apply.

sensing, learning, thinking, perceiving

The perspective that focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental components of perception, consciousness, and other mental states is called

structuralism

A focus on external behavior rather than the internal workings of the mind by the ________ perspective

behavioral

Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and ______ processes.

mental

Research assistant, marketing specialist, public relations officer, social services case worker: these are all examples of jobs that can be done with what degree in psychology (choose the lowest degree required)?

Bachelor's

__________ genetics is an area of psychology that focuses on biological mechanisms.

Behavioral

____________ psychology considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.

Evolutionary

true or false: Psychologists tend to agree on the terminology used to describe race and ethnicity.

False

Which of the following is a mental process?

Perceiving a threat

__________ psychology focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another.

Personality

A _________ is a degree that requires the completion of orignal research, whereas a __________ is a degree for those wishing to focus on the treatment of psychological disorders.

PhD, PsyD

______________ psychology is the study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others.

Social

Which perspective focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental components of perception, consciousness, thinking, emotions, and other kinds of mental states?

Structuralism

A psychologist taking the humanistic perspective to study how people change during college would be interested in which of the following?

The student's striving to reach his or her full potential.

Hermann Ebbinghaus and Max _____________ led the gestalt movement

Wertheimer

When trying to be an informed consumer of psychology, it is important to keep which of the following in mind? Select all that apply.

no one source is definitive, be aware there is no universal cure for all ills, know the source of the information