*UNFINISHED* Moss English Exam
Plagarism
"literary theft"
candid
(adj.)---sincere; straightforward --The politician was ________ when talking to his voters so they would know exactly what policies he would use.
parallel structure
(make sure you have this correct) --- repetition of the same pattern of words or phrases within a sentence or passage to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. --Example: Joe enjoys *running* in the park, *listening* to music, and *swimming* in the lake.
passive voice
(you should avoid it) --- when the voice is used to indicate that the grammatical subject of the verb is the recipient (not the source) of the action denoted by the verb --Say "He stole the cookie from the cookie jar" rather than saying "The cookie was stolen from the cookie jar by him"
Allusion
A brief reference to some person, historical event, work of art, or Biblical or mythological situation or character
verbal irony
A contrast between the intended meaning and the apparent or expected meaning. --saying, "Wow, it's such a nice day outside" if it's raining
complex sentence
A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. Usually joined by has an AAAWWUBBIS in the sentence, usually joined by a comma.
What is Enriquez's plan to insure that Maria Isabel will not abandon him? Provide evidence
Enrique wanted to get her pregnant so that she wouldn't abandon him. We can see this when the Nazario writes, "If they have a child together, he thinks, surely Maria Isabel won't abandon him" (43).
Compare Enrique in the last chapter and this chapter to how he is in the middle/end of the chapter.
Enrique was happy to finally be with his mom, and they were really nice to each other. Eventually, they stopped being nice to each other. Thankfully, they started loving each other again after that.
3 migrants a day drown in the river. Enrique does not know how to swim. Why is he still willing to take this Journey?
He really really wants a better life, and that is the most important thing to him.
María Isabel describes the US as "a cold place, where neighbors barely know one another." (pg 187) So you agree or disagree, explain.
I disagree because I think the US is a place where you can enjoy the community around you.
Iago tells Roderigo to kill Cassio.
Iago tells Roderigo to kill Cassio. --*TRUE*
In order to trick Othello into thinking Cassio was gloating over his affair with Desdemona, Iago paid an actor to mimic Cassio's voice in a conversation that Othello could hear but not see.
In order to trick Othello into thinking Cassio was gloating over his affair with Desdemona, Iago paid an actor to mimic Cassio's voice in a conversation that Othello could hear but not see. --*FALSE*
Assonance
In poetry, the repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in non-rhyming stressed syllables near enough to each for the echo to be discernible
Who is/are the girl(s) left behind that the title of the chapter is referring too? Who left them behind?
It refers to Belky and Maria Isabel. They were left behind by Lourdes and Enrique
Why is the second to last section titled "devoured?" What tone does Sonia Nazario set with that title?
Nazario titled it that because she wanted to describe the migrants who got devoured by the train. She sets an ominous and sad tone.
"Neither he nor his mother realizes it yet, but this kernel of an idea will take root." (pg. 31-32). What literary device is being used? What does it mean?
Personification is used because an idea cannot take root, but its meaning still works. It means that his idea of going to the US will happen.
The train cars sway from side to side, up and down like bobbing ice cubes" (pg 83) What literary devices are used? What does is mean? Sketch a quick image.
Personification is used to describe how the train moved.
"Se lo comió el tren. The train ate him up" (pg 69) What literary device is used? What does it mean?
Personification is used; a train can't eat someone. It means that the train killed him by sucking the guy into the wheels
How is Maria Isabel handling enrique leaving? How is she feeling?
She denies that he ever left Honduras, and she feels uncertain about what is happening to him and what might happen to her.
"As they spend time together mothers and children discover just how far apart they are." (164). In actuality they are closer than they have ever been. What does the author mean by this?
The author means that now they are together, they realize how different they are since they haven't been near each other in years.
Connotation
The emotional, psychological, or social overtones of a word; its implications and associations apart from its literal meaning. Often, this is what distinguishes the precisely correct word from one that is merely accurate
End rhyme
The rhyming of words that appear at the ends of two or more lines of poetry
What are the new dangers of the train that they face during this mountainous part of the journey?
There are a lot of tunnels which have lots of soot in them.
Why do the migrants call the train "El Gusano de Hierro, The Iron Worm" (pg 73)? What are the risks of riding on "the Iron Worm?
They call it that because it squirms up the track. There is a big risk of derailments.
Tough Questions
When you're reading and something in the book makes you wonder about it a lot/it raises a tough question.
Refrain
a phrase or verse recurring at intervals in a song or poem, especially at the end of each stanza; chorus.
Internal rhyme
a rhyme involving a word in the middle of a line and another at the end of the line or in the middle of the next.
pathos
appeal to emotion, and is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional response
"Villain, be sure thou prove my love a w-h-o-r-e! / Be sure of it; give me the ocular proof; / Or, by the worth of mine eternal soul, /Thou hadst been better have been born a dog / Than answer my waked wrath" (3.3.411-415)!
(Sorry for putting dashes, Quizlet would've censored it) --Significance: Othello tells Iago that he must have visual proof of Desdemona + Cassio, and it is significant because Iago has planned just that, and this will lead to all the killings --Speaker: Othello --Context: Othello and Iago are arguing about what has or hasn't been done to Desdemona
desolate
(adj.)---spiritual ruin; loss of the soul --Bob was _________ because he lost everything and everyone he loved in his life.
Create a list of all the people who have made Enrique feel abandoned and what they did:
--Lourdes: Enriques mom left him to go to the US to send money and gifts back home. --Enrique's dad: He abandoned Enrique to go be with a girlfriend. --His Grandmother Maria: She was not able to take care of him because of her age. --The people who killed Uncle Marco: By killing the one person who was very kind to him, he was very upset. --Grandmother Agueda: She disapproved of Enrique's ways.
"Reputation, reputation, reputation? O, I have / lost my reputation! I have lost the immortal part of / myself, and what remains is bestial. My reputation / Iago, my reputation" (2.3.281-284).
--Significance: Cassio is worried, so he goes to Iago for help. Iago tells him to go to Desdemona for help (and possibly getting the job back) so that he can show Othello secret conversations between Cassio and Desdemona. --Speaker: Cassio --Context: The brawl between Cassio and Montano has just finished, and Cassio has just been fired by Othello
"I hate the Moor, / And it is thought abroad that 'twixt my sheets / H'as done my office" (1.3.429-431).
--Significance: Iago really hates Othello and will make him do awful things, and also he says that he has heard that Othello has slept with his wife, and even if it's not true, he will use it to get revenge. --Speaker: Iago --Context: Iago is telling the audience (the audience only) his plans for getting revenge on Othello (which are to tell Othello that Cassio is with Desdemona).
"Her father loved me; oft invited me; / Still questioned me the story of my life/ From year to year, the battle, sieges, fortune / That I have passed" (1.3.149-152).
--Significance: It tells the audience why Desdemona likes Othello and that Brabantio is not being honest. (O didn't use witchcraft) --Speaker: Othello --Context: Othello is starting to talk about why Desdemona likes him (bc the things he has done), and he is mentioning how Brabantio liked hearing the stories as well as Desdemona
"O, beware, my lord, of jealousy! / It is the green-eyed monster which doth mock / The meat it feeds on" (3.3.195-7).
--Significance: It's a turning point where Othello starts to believe Iago's plan. Iago's warning Othello about jealousy, but he's setting him up. This is one of the themes of the play (jealousy can be destructive). --Speaker: Iago --Context: Iago is talking with Othello about the jealousy he is showing
Figurative Language (SWIFT)
--this is words that mean something different than their literal meaning (think hyperbole, personification, simile) --Why does the author use this? What are they trying to tell us? What are they trying to emphasize?
Short Stories
-Ruthless -The Sniper -Lamb to the Slaughter -Just Lather, That's All
When Jasmín arrives to the US what are the 2 main problems that arise?
-She was caught by the Border Patrol and will have to appear in immigration court. -Gangsters are upset with Enrique and his friends, which can threaten Jasmin.
Create a list of all the things that the townspeople give to the migrant riders on the train citing the page #
-crackers (96) -bread(96) -clothing(97) -sandwiches(97) -bean burritos(97) -oranges(97) -watermelons(97) -pineapples(97) -Coffee(97) -Tortillas(97) -Beans(97) -Salsa(97) -Water bottles(98) -Pastries(98) -Lemonade(98)
Enrique seems to have several rules that he follows each time he starts to head north through Chiapas. What are 2 of them?
1) Do not take buses: they pass through immigration checkpoints. 2) Don't trust anyone: residents dislike immigrant and the police and immigration agents are usually corrupt
Create a mini timeline tracking Enriques 7 attempts to get to the US (pg 57-58 is a good place to start)
1) Doing a trial run with his friend. La Migra got them on top of a train. 2) He got 150 miles into Mexico he was captured after trying to hide because he lost his shoes. 3) He got 190 miles into Mexico, but was robbed by police in a house and deported. 4) He got 12 miles before he was caught by police while sleeping and deported. 5) He got 838 miles but was stung by bees, so then captured and deported. 6) He got 1,564 miles but was deported while eating; he could see the US. 7) He was on a train when he got beaten and robbed; after finding help he started to hitchhike, but got in with an immigration officer.
How to paraphrase
1) Reword: do not just use synonyms 2) Rearrange: change sentence structure 3) Do not change the meaning of the sentence! *Still cite the original source* --Use a direct quote if 1) the meaning of the original statement will be lost if you reword it. 2) The original statement uses especially strong or vivid language. 3) You are quoting an original term or phrase.
Organisation of writing
1) Topic sentence 2) Background info 3) Lead in to quote 4) Direct quote 5) Elaboration
What are some of the motivations that these people have to give to the migrants. Tell me about at least two.
1. "If we don't want to be stopped from going to the US, how can we stop Central Americans in our country?" (Nazario 97) 2. They have gone through it before.
Simile
A comparison of two unlike things in which a word of comparison (like or as) is used.
Metaphor
A comparison of two unlike things in which no word of comparison (like or as) is used
clause
A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. --Two types: dependent and independent
SWIFT
A method for analyzing poetry -Structure -Word Choice -Imagery -Figurative Language -Theme
Memory Moment
A recollection by a character that interrupts the forward progress of the story.
AAAWWUBBIS Words
As, Although, After, While, When, Unless, Because, Before, If, Since
What are the different emotions that Enrique goes through after his mother has left him? Provide text evidence.
At first, Enrique is confused. He asks, "Where is my mom?" (Nazario 21). He then keeps asking when is mom will return. He becomes annoyed until he realizes he might be able to get to America illegally as well.
Lourdes does not cry when they reunite until he tells her about how he sold his shoes to buy glue (pg 163), why do you think this is what finally affects her?
Because she realizes he wasted her gifts for a bad cause, which is sad for her.
Bianca's returning the handkerchief to Cassio made things appear to Othello as though all Iago had said was true.
Bianca's returning the handkerchief to Cassio made things appear to Othello as though all Iago had said was true. --*TRUE*
Do you notice any parallels between how the central americans are treated by the mexicans and things that are happening in our current political climate? To the poems we read? Make a connection.
Central Americans are being treated as if they don't matter by the mexicans, just like political extremists are being treated by people with normal political views.
Desdemona turns to Iago for help after Othello calls her a strumpet.
Desdemona turns to Iago for help after Othello calls her a strumpet. --*TRUE*
What do Enrique and the other migrants call the train [the iron worm train]? Why did they give it this name?
Enrique calls it The Iron Horse because it is powerful, speedy, and can take him to his mother. Migrants call it The Pilgrim's train because it is packed with migrants.
What is Enrique's attitude towards the gangs on the trains? Provide evidence.
Enrique does not approve of what they do to people. Readers can understand this when Nazario writes, "Enrique refuses to participate, creating a rift" (85).
Enrique runs into a few roadblocks in his life in this chapter. Please tell me about one of them being sure to cite evidence from the text.
Enrique is not able to have a great life with his girlfriend. She doesn't like the fact that he is an addict, and she disagrees with him about important things. One of the biggest things they disagree on is pregnancy, where, "Maria Isabel wants to prevent a pregnancy. Enrique desperately wants to get Maria Isabel pregnant" (Nazario 43). This affects Enrique because it makes him feel like he isn't loved.
Enrique finally makes it to the border town of Nuevo Laredo, describe all the emotions he is feeling now that he is so close to being in the US.
Enrique is very hopeful for his chances, but he knows one small thing could destroy all of that hope.
Why do you think that this chapter [2] was titled "Rebellion"?
Enrique rebels against the way his family wanted him to live life.
Compare and contrast Gabi's story of her journey to the border with Enriques.
Gabi had to worry about being raped and she had to walk through the jungle, and was eaten by all the bugs there. Enrique road on trains and hid from police.
What happened to Cassio?
He became the Lord Governor and rules in Cyprus.
Why does Enrique trust El Tiríndaro? Provide evidence.
He has been nice to Enrique, and we can see his level of understanding for migrant journeys when Nazario writes, "He knows the sooner Enrique can save money to buy a phone card and call his mother, the sooner Enrique will pay for his smuggling services" (133).
What kinds of emotional conflicts does Enrique have when he reconnects with his mother?
He is mad that she abandoned him, even though she did that so he could have a better life
What happened to Othello?
He killed himself
What did Iago do after the battle?
He left but returned a few minutes later to "help" Cassio finish off Roderigo.
Why did Enrique lie to his mother about where he spent the night?
He lied so she would not have worried for his safety.
Describe how Padre Leo is different from other priests.
He spends all his time helping migrants, and he is very friendly. He doesn't stand at the altar and read the Bible, he uses popular culture to make great lessons while walking up and down the aisle.
What happened to Iago?
He was stabbed and imprisoned.
Compare Enrique's reception in Veracruz and Oaxaca to what he experienced in Chiapas.
He was welcomed and given food in Veracruz and Oaxaca, but in Chiapas, people were not nice to immigrants.
Enrique finally arrives in North Carolina to reunite with his mother. Compare and contrast his new home with how he has spent the last 122 days.
His new home is not that nice, but it is a roof over their head, heating, cooling, etc. It is a lot nicer than how he spent the last 122 days.
Structure (SWIFT)
How the poem is formatted. Is it a shape? Does it rhyme? What is the meter? How many stanzas, lines, syllables per line?
"Then Enrique lands his most hurtful blow." (pg 170). What literary device is used? What does it mean?
Hyperbole is used because that was not actually the most hurtful blow. It means that he did something to Lourdes that really hurt her (emotionally).
Do you agree or disagree with María Isabel's choice to join Enrique in the US? Explain.
I disagree because I think after knowing how leaving a child affects a relationship, it might not be the best idea.
Reread the description of where they detain immigrant children on page 151-152. Do you agree or disagree with how they are treated. Explain.
I don't agree with them, they should immediately send the immigrants back instead of keeping them for months. There is also no harm in giving them information about when they will go to the judge, so they should do that.
Enrique claims to quit sniffing the paint thinner for himself alone. Do you believe that? Explain why or why not.
I don't believe that because I think he was tired of his mom hating him, so he wanted to be in better shape.
Enrique has been traveling for 47 days trying to survive. Think about all that you have done in the last 47 days. Compare your trials with Enriques. Do you think you would have been able to complete a journey like this?
I had some pretty bad tests in the last 47 days but nothing compared to what Enrique did. I think I could've completed the journey if I had the same motivation.
How do you think Enrique is feeling as he is setting out to leave? What leads you to think that?
I think he is determined because he thinks his mom is the light at the end of the tunnel/the only good thing left in his life.
What character trait would you assign to El Tiríndario? Cite evidence.
I would call him kind. Although he maybe isn't the best person ever, he understands migrants situations and tries to help them. Nazario writes, "He knows the sooner Enrique can save money to buy a phone card and call his mother, the sooner Enrique will pay for his smuggling services" (133).
If you were Sonia Nazario would you have wanted to experience the journey for yourself or just written about it from what they told you? Explain.
I would have just written about the experience based off of real life stories because you can get a description of the journey in just the same amount of detail as doing it yourself.
After reading Chapter 3 What character trait would you assign to Enrique? Provide at least 2 pieces of evidence to back up your answer.
I would say he is determined. He tries and tries again, Nazario even lists his seven failures, from "The first attempt" (57) to "His seventh attempt" (58). He also got injured several times, including being "Stung in the face by a swarm of bees" (Nazario 58).
Iago's conscience bothered him so much that he finally confessed. Emilia was so overcome with grief that she died of a broken heart.
Iago's conscience bothered him so much that he finally confessed. Emilia was so overcome with grief that she died of a broken heart. --*FALSE*
What is the tattoo EnriqueLourdes symbolic of? Explain.
It explains the love for each other even if they haven't been together in years.
Describe or sketch where Enrique lives along the border.
It is a run down camp with lots of people, lots of small fires made out of scrap wood and garbage. There are run down tents, mattresses, and other things used as beds such as cardboard.
Why did Sonia Nazario title this chapter [5] "Gifts and Faith?
It is about people who pray for their journey and about the gifts Enrique received.
Read the paragraph on page 86 "As the sun sets...Sky." What is it describing? How is this a stark contrast to how the train has been described so far?
It is describing the nature that is around the migrants in a good way. It is a contrast because the author has mainly just written about the bad things, not the good.
Why do you think he allows himself an entire year to get there before giving up and heading back to Honduras?
It is enough time to get there, but he doesn't want to waste his life chasing after his mom.
Enrique is on drugs and broke the law. This leads to his arrest and him facing deportation. Do you think it is right to deport people like Enrique? Explain.
It is right to deport them because if they broke the law, they should be punished.
Why is the section on page 154 titled "Puffs of Clouds?" What tone does this give?
It is titled that because of the pillows in the car. It gives a gentle tone of happiness that implies that they will make it.
Why do you think that at the end of the chapter that the way that he looks "angers him. It steals his determination to push northward?"
It reinforces Enrique's determination to get to a better life in America.
The smugglers keep passing Enrique onto someone else. If you were Enrique how would this make you feel? Explain.
It would make me feel nervous because you don't know who is trustworthy if there are a lot of different people.
In what ways is Enrique's daughter Jasmín similar to Enrique?
Jasmin doesn't understand the full situation of being left behind, just like Enrique used to.
Lodovico approved of Othello's behavior, saying he would be praised in Venice.
Lodovico approved of Othello's behavior, saying he would be praised in Venice. --*FALSE*
Describe the difficulties Lourdes faces to get to the U.S.
Lourdes is struggling with the guilt of leaving kids behind. That is one of the worst thing a mother in that situation has to do. Although she has good intentions, it is very damaging emotionally to her. Also, her smuggler abandons her.
Compare and contrast the little that is mentioned about María Isabel's journey to the US with Enrique's Journey to the US
Maria Isabel had a smuggler who could bring her to the US more safely, but Enrique had to dangerously ride on trains while hiding from police, avoiding gangs, and finding food to survive.
When mothers leave they expect the journey to be short but the separation typically last 6 to 8 years. Why do you think this is the case?
Migrant workers don't get paid well enough to bring their children to the US.
What was Nazario's motivation for finding someone and tracking their journey? What did she hope to accomplish by showing this immigrant's journey?
Nazario wanted to "shed light on what too often has been a black-and-white discussion" (6). Nazario hoped to change the way people thought about immigrants so that they would not be dehumanized the way they are.
Othello was furious after seeing Bianca with the handkerchief; even so, he contained his temper and left the room so that he would not physically hurt Desdemona.
Othello was furious after seeing Bianca with the handkerchief; even so, he contained his temper and left the room so that he would not physically hurt Desdemona. --*FALSE*
IXL's to use
Plagiarism: P.3 Clauses: AA.1 and AA.3 Phrases: AA.1 and GG.8 and II.1 Sentences: Z.5 and Z.6 and Z.7 and AA.4 NN.2 AAAWWWUBBIS: does not have any ixl's, practice this on your own Passive voice: N.1 and N.2 Parallel structure: O.1 Misplaced modifiers: LL.1 and LL.2 and LL.3 Dangling modifiers: LL.2 and LL.3 Infinitives: GG.8 Gerunds: GG.7 Participles: GG.6
What happened when Cassio and Roderigo fought?
Roderigo was wounded by Cassio. Cassio was wounded from behind by Iago.
Why do you think the Migra agent let Gabi and Lourdes go even though they had no money?
She could have felt bad for them or known what they had gone through to get where they were.
How was Desdemona faithful to Othello to the end?
She did not tell Emilia that Othello was the one who had smothered her.
Who is Olga Sanchez Martinez and how has she changed the lives of migrants?
She is a free nurse that heals migrant children injured in their travels. She is very kind and religious.
Why was Bianca angry with Cassio?
She loved him and thought some other woman had given him the handkerchief.
If Lourdes goal is to reunite with her children why would she sent $700 for Belky's quinceañera instead of saving it to smuggle them to the US?
She still needs to help her kids have a good life.
What was Emilia's reaction when Othello told her that Iago had revealed Desdemona's affair with Cassio?
She was shocked and amazed. All along she thought the tale had been a lie contrived by some awful person; never dreaming that Iago was responsible.
"For I will make him tell the tale anew: / Where, how, how oft, how long ago, and when / He hath, and is again to cope your wife" (4.1.101-103).
Significance: It makes Iago seem like a friend to Othello while also reminding Othello what allegedly happened. Speaker: Iago Context: Othello just had his fit, Cassio came in to check on him, then left, Iago is telling Othello he will make Cassio tell him about what he supposedly did to Desdemona.
What were some of the dangerous situations that she was going to have to face?
Some of the dangers included jumping on or off the train while it is moving, facing the gangsters or cops that monitor who is on top of the trains, and being sexually assaulted because she is a woman.
What does it mean when they say "Now we must face the beast" (pg. 65) What is the "beast"?
The beast is the southernmost state of Mexico, Chiapas. There are a lot of immigration officials there and people are very unfriendly to immigrants, so it is a dangerous place to go.
Why do you think this chapter [3] is titled "Seeking Mercy"?
The chapter describes how Enrique was injured, and had to seek mercy in a village.
Denotation
The dictionary definition of a word
Consonance
The repetition of consonant sounds. It's similar to alliteration, but consonance is not limited to the first letters of words.
Alliteration
The repetition of the same or similar sounds at the beginning of words
Enjambment
The running over of a sentence or thought from one line of poetry to another
What is the tone of this chapter [chapter 1]? Provide Evidence.
The tone is very sad and serious because a mom just had to leave their kids behind, which is a real issue, and very sad. Nazario writes, "Lourdes understands, as only a mother can, the terror she is about to inflict. She knows the ache Enrique will feel, and finally, the emptiness" (19). This sets up a very sad and serious chapter that describes the adventures some people have to take to support their family.
Explain why María Isabel and Belky are having similar reactions to the news that Enrique made it to Lourdes in the US.
Their lives are probably similar, and they both love him, so they should have the same reaction.
What text to self or text to world connection can you make to this story?
There is a great deal of attention around immigration, especially in politics because people care a lot about it.
Why do women come to the U.S. without their children?
They are not able to afford having children while working in their former country.
"Despite the bond between them, the conversation is awkward. He and his mother are strangers." (pg.145) Why do you think it describes Enrique and his mother as being strangers?
They have not seen each other in many years, and they haven't even talked to each other in several months.
Why do you think that the Church only gives the migrants food for 15 days?
They need to teach them to work for themselves, you can't just be dependent on one person.
At the end of the chapter we learn some news from Honduras. What is it? How is Enrique repeating his mother's actions when making new plans?
We learn that Enrique is a dad now. Enrique is planning on abandoning his mother just like she abandoned him.
Theme (SWIFT)
What does the author try to teach us in this poem? What is the life lesson?
Imagery (SWIFT)
What does this poem make you picture in your head? Why might the author have done this?
Word Choice (SWIFT)
What words does the author use? What does this mean?
Contrast and Contradiction
When a character does something that is different than you would expect.
Aha! Moment
When a character realizes, understands, or finally figures out something
Words of the Wiser
When a very wise saying is embedded in the text.
dramatic irony
When the audience knows something a character does not. --If in a horror movie, we know the murderer is in the basement, and the character is about to go in the basement
situational irony
When what happens is the opposite of what is expected. --If a fire station burns down
Again & Again
When you notice a word, phrase, or situation mentioned over and over.
line
a basic structural component of a poem
Oxymoron
a combination of two words that appear to contradict each other. Example: a pointless point of view; bittersweet
AAAWWUBBIS front-branching sentences
a common type of complex sentence. It is a front-branching sentence that does start with an AAAWWUBBIS word --Example: Because I was hungry, I ate dinner. --After eating ice cream, we watched a movie.
Non-AAAWWUBBIS front-branching sentences
a front-branching sentence that does not start with an AAAWWUBBIS word --Example: Tired, we collapsed as soon as we arrived home
Foot
a group of 2 or 3 syllables forming the basic unit of poetic rhythm
Stanza
a group of lines forming the basic recurring metrical unit in a poem; a verse.
phrase
a group of words that does not contain a subject and a verb, it usually starts with a preposition
Personification
a literary device in which the author speaks of or describes an animal, object, or idea as if it were a person.
Repetition
a literary device that repeats the same words or phrases a few times to make an idea clearer
Iamb
a metrical foot consisting of one short (or unstressed) syllable followed by one long (or stressed) syllable
misplaced modifier
a phrase or clause placed awkwardly in a sentence so that it appears to modify or refer to an unintended word. ---Example: I smelled the pizza coming down the stairs. ------This sentence states that the pizza was coming down the stair (not true).
simple sentence
a sentence consisting of only one clause, with a single subject and predicate. Just one independent clause.
compound sentence
a sentence with two or more independent clauses, often joined by one or more conjunctions (FANBOYS)
dangling modifier
a word or phrase that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence. You have to add something to make the sentence work. ---Example: Don't do this: After reading the book, the movie made more sense. ---Example: Do this: After reading the book, I thought the movie made more sense.
palpable
adj - (of a feeling or atmosphere) so intense as to seem almost tangible --The happiness at the ballpark was ________ after the home team won the game.
insolent
adj - boldly rude or disrespectful --The young child was _______ to his mother, so his mom grounded him.
odious
adj - deserving hatred; highly offensive --Bob is _______ because he robbed several people.
fulsome
adj - disgusting; repulsive --Bob thought the movie was ________, but some people loved it.
peevish
adj - easily annoyed; irritated --The kid is _______ because he is so pessimistic.
amiable
adj - friendly; good-natured --Bob is ________ unless someone is rude to him.
impervious
adj - incapable of being persuaded or affected --The spy is _________ to torture after all of his training.
sated
adj - satisfied; full --Bob felt ______ after having a wonderful Thanksgiving dinner with his family and friends.
vehement
adj - strongly emotional; intense or passionate --Bob was ________ about the candidate for the election.
logos
an appeal based on logic or reason (statistics is a very common form of this)
ethos
an appeal to ethics, and it is a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the presenter/author
Hyperbole
an exaggeration or overstatement
Rhyme
correspondence of sound between words or the endings of words, especially when these are used at the ends of lines of poetry.
independent clause
it contains a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought and can stand alone in a sentence.
dependent clause
it contains a subject and a verb, but it does not express a complete thought.
discord
noun - disagreement; difference of opinion --Bob and Joe's _______ was so strong that they started fighting each other.
lethargy
noun - sluggishness; laziness --Sloths have a lot of __________.
refugee
noun - someone who has been forced to flee their home because of war, violence, or persecution - often without warning. --Bob is a ________ because there was a war in his hometown.
migrant
noun - someone who is moving from place to place (w/in their country or across borders) usually for economic reasons such as seasonal work. --Bob is a ________ because he wants to find better work that pays more.
immigrant
noun - someone who makes a decision to leave their home and move to a foreign country with the intention of settling there. --Bob is an _________ because he came to America to have a better life.
homage
noun - something done or given in acknowledgment or consideration of the worth of another --The new element was named in _______ to a famous scientist.
meter
regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that makes up a line of poetry and gives rhythm and regularity to poetry
rhetorical devices
techniques writers use to enhance their arguments and communicate more effectively to their audience (logos, ethos, pathos)
irony
the contrast between what is expected and what is real. --The _______ in the movie character's most famous line makes Bob groan.
Onomatopoeia
the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named
Couplet
two lines of verse, usually in the same meter and joined by rhyme, that form a unit.
Close rhyme
two rhyming words that are consecutive or very close together in a phrase or line
rouse
verb - awaken or startle out of inactivity; cause to become active --Bob was _____d from his nap by the explosion.
enmesh
verb - entangle; catch in a net --The fisherman ________ed a fish, but it was dead.
abhor
verb - regard with disgust and hatred --The two rival schools _______ each other.
usurp
verb - take (a position of power or importance) illegally or by force. --Fidel Castro _____ed the Cuban government run by Fulgencio Batista because he did not like the way he ran Cuba.
ruminate
verb - think about; meditate on; ponder --The philosopher _______s about important things every day.
consecrate
verb - to make or declare sacred --The land was __________d by a religious group in 100 B.C.
Blank verse
verse without rhyme, especially that which uses iambic pentameter
Poem
verse writing that is nearly always rhythmical, usually metaphorical, and often exhibits such formal elements as meter, rhyme, and stanza structure