Unit 1
In the diagram, which structure is an intrinsic of integral protein?
B
What part of the plasma membrane is fluid, allowing the movement of proteins in accordance with the fluid mosaic model?
B
The electron micrograph shows part of a cell. Which organelle is the site of aerobic respiration?
C
metastasis is a) cancer cells moving to another area b) a primary tumor formation c) a mutation d) part of DNA super coiling
a) cancer cells moving to another area
When compared to other body cells, which characteristic of stem cells is the most important for therapeutic uses? a) Lower rate of metabolism b) Less differentiation c) Less excretion d) Lower rate of reproduction
b) Less differentiation
Which organism has DNA located in three organelles? a) a sponge b) a fern c) a flatworm d) a bacterium
b) a fern
the correct order of cyclins thought the cell cycle is a) A, B, D, E b) E, D, B, A c) D, E, A, B d) B, A, E, D
c) D, E, A, B
What does facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane require? a) a protein and ATP b) ATP and with a concentration gradient c) a protein and with a concentration gradient d) protein and against a concentration gradient
c) a protein and with a concentration gradient
The sister chromosomes separate during a) prophase b) metaphase c) anaphase d) telophase
c) anaphase
the highlighted cell is in a) prophase b) metaphase c) anaphase d) telophase
c) anaphase
chemical agents that cause cancer are a) oncogenes b) mutations c) carcinogens d) cyclins
c) carcinogens
by which process do potassium ions move through potassium channels in axons? a) active transport b) exocytosis c) facilitated diffusion d) simple diffusion
c) facilitated diffusion
Which method provides biochemical evidence that cells have begun to differentiate? a) Examination of the DNA sequence b) Observation with an electron microscope c) Observation with a light microscope d) Analysis of the proteins
d) Analysis of the proteins
If a cell does not divide, it can go into a) G1 b) G2 c) S d) G0
d) G0
What is the name of the structure labeled X? a) cytoplasm b) mitochondrion c) nucleus d) chloroplast
d) chloroplast
The chromosomes uncoil, nucleoli and nuclear membrane reappear during a) prophase b) metaphase c) anaphase d) telophase
d) telophase
Where are proteins synthesized by free ribosomes used? a) outside the cell after secretion b) within the nucleus c) within the lysosomes d) within the cytoplasm
d) within the cytoplasm
The following electron micrograph shows part of a palisade mesophyll cell. Which of the labelled structures controls the exchange of substances to and from the cell?
C
In the diagram, which part of the membrane structure does the molecule below form?
a
Which method provides biochemical evidence that cells have begun to differentiate? a) Analysis of the proteins b) Observation with a light microscope c) Observation with an electron microscope d) Examination of the DNA sequence
a) Analysis of the proteins
Which organelle is involved in generating vesicles destines for the cell membrane? a) Golgi apparatus b) smooth endoplasmic reticulum c) rough endoplasmic reticulum d) lysosome
a) Golgi apparatus
Which terms identify the structures labeled I and II in the image? a) I: cell membrane. II: vesicle b) I: cell wall. II: chloroplast c) I: plasma membrane. II: mitochondrion d) I: cell wall. II: mitochondrion
a) I: cell membrane. II: vesicle
What happens to the cell surface area to volume ratio as a cell grows? a) It decreases, so rate of gas exchange is too low b) It increases, so mineral ion absorption is increased c) It decreases, so production of waste material is reduced d) It increases, so osmosis is reduced
a) It decreases, so rate of gas exchange is too low
What is the reason for the differences between the two micrographs? a) The lower image has greater resolution b) A nucleus can only be seen in the upper image c) The upper image is an electron micrograph d) The lower image has a higher magnification
a) The lower image has greater resolution
Which feature of striated muscle cells allows them to be considered as a possible exception to the cell theory? a) They contain more than one nucleus b) They do not carry out mitosis c) They are specialized for movement d) They are found in multicellular organisms
a) They contain more than one nucleus
What feature of both striated muscle and aseptate fungal hyphae is different from typical cell structure? a) They have an absence of cholesterol in the plasma membrane b) They have plasmids c) They have a cell wall that is not made of cellulose d) They have multiple nuclei within a structural unit
a) They have an absence of cholesterol in the plasma membrane b) They have plasmids c) They have a cell wall that is not made of cellulose d) They have multiple nuclei within a structural unit
Why do multicellular organisms have emergent properties? a) They show properties that can only result from the interaction of many cells b) They have more genes than unicellular organisms c) All of their genes are expressed whereas unicellular organisms express only some d) Properties of unicellular organisms are enhanced by having many cells
a) They show properties that can only result from the interaction of many cells
Why do multicellular organisms have emergent properties? a) They show properties that can only result from the interaction of many cells b) They have more genes than unicellular organisms c) Properties of unicellular organisms are enhanced by having many cells d) All of their genes are expressed whereas unicellular organisms express only some
a) They show properties that can only result from the interaction of many cells
Which function is accomplished by structures X and Y in the Paramecium? a) X: excretion. Y: digestion b) X: homeostasis. Y: feeding c) X: movement. Y: food storage d) X: respiration. Y: DNA replication
a) X: excretion. Y: digestion
Animal cells often secrete glycoproteins as extracellular components. What is a role of these glycoproteins? a) adhesion b) additional energy reserve c) membrane fluidity d) water uptake
a) adhesion
what is an example of binary fission? a) cell division in prokaryotes b) production of haploid gametes c) separation of chromatids in prokaryotic cells d) replication of prokaryotic DNA occurring simultaneously in two directions
a) cell division in prokaryotes
Two sister chromatids held together by a) centromeres b) centrioles c) chromosomes d) nucleosomes
a) centromeres
What evidence from the image of Paramecium indicates whether the organism is a prokaryote or a eukaryote? a) compartments in the cell indicate that it is a eukaryote b) no nucleus indicates that the cell is a prokaryote c) lack of a cell wall indicates that the cell is a eukaryote d) it is a unicellular organism, so it must be a prokaryote.
a) compartments in the cell indicate that it is a eukaryote
the proteins that control the cell cycle are called a) cyclins b) enzymes c) CdKs d) hormones
a) cyclins
Cells in certain glands produce hormones that are secreted by vesicles. This secretion process by vesicles is called what? a) exocytosis b) excretion c) expulsion d) endocytosis
a) exocytosis
Which phase is the longest in the cell cycle? a) interphase b) mitosis c) cytokinesis d) prophase
a) interphase
Which sequence shows increasing relative size? a) membrane thickness, virus, bacterium b) molecule, virus, membrane thickness c) bacterium, virus, eukaryotic cell d) bacterium organelle virus
a) membrane thickness, virus, bacterium
Neural pathways in living brains can now be mapped by tracking the movement of water molecules inside axons. What keeps molecules inside axons? a) plasma membrane b) hydrogen bonding c) pump proteins d) synapse
a) plasma membrane
The chromosomes coil during a) prophase b) metaphase c) anaphase d) interphase
a) prophase
The nuclear membrane disappears and spindle forms during a) prophase b) metaphase c) anaphase d) telophase
a) prophase
which phase is shown in the micrograph? a) prophase b) metaphase c) anaphase d) telophase
a) prophase
What is osmosis? a) the movement of water through a membrane from a low to a high solute concentration b) the movement of solutes through a membrane from a high to a low water concentration c) the movement of water through a membrane from a high to a low solute concentration d) the movement of solutes through a membrane from a low to a high water concentration
a) the movement of water through a membrane from a low to a high solute concentration
What is a limitation of this model? a) there can be no active transport b) maltose will pads through the membrane c) lipase should be present with protein d) the membrane is not permeable to starch
a) there can be no active transport
Which features do the two structures labeled X and Y have in common? a) they are surrounded by a double membrane b) they contain 70S ribosomes c) they contain naked DNA d) they are only found in leaf cells
a) they are surrounded by a double membrane
Which features do the two structures labelled X and Y have in common? a) they are surrounded by a double membrane b) they contain 70S ribosomes c) they contain naked DNA d) they are only found in leaf cells
a) they are surrounded by a double membrane
What is the change and which process is necessary for it to occur? a) change occurring: egg production process necessary: meiosis b) change occurring: embryonic development process necessary: cell differentiation c) change occurring: excretion process necessary: exocytosis d) change occurring: feeding process necessary: phagocytosis
b) change occurring: embryonic development process necessary: cell differentiation
What distinguishes prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? a) prokaryotic cell: cell wall eukaryotic cell: plasma membrane b) prokaryotic cell: cell structure not compartmentalized eukaryotic cell: cell structure compartmentalized c) prokaryotic cell: smooth endoplasmic reticulum eukaryotic cell: rough endoplasmic reticulum d) prokaryotic cell: no ribosomes eukaryotic cell: ribosomes present
b) prokaryotic cell: cell structure not compartmentalized eukaryotic cell: cell structure compartmentalized
Which evidence falsifies the davson-danielli model? I. The presence of globular proteins within the phospholipid bilayer II. Non-polar amino acids cause proteins to remain embedded in membranes III. Membrane proteins remain in a fixed position inside a membrane a) I only b) I and II only c) II and III only d) I, II, and III
b) I and II only
Which processes occur by osmosis? I. Uptake of water by cells in the wall of the intestine II. Loss of water from a plant cell in hypertonic environment III. Evaporation of water from sweat on the skin surface a) I only b) I and II only c) II and III only d) I, II, and III
b) I and II only
What do diffusion and osmosis have in common? a)They only happen in living cells b) Net movement of substances is with the concentration gradient. c) The require energy d) Net movement of substances is against the concentration gradient.
b) Net movement of substances is with the concentration gradient.
Which structures are found only in prokaryotic cells? a) Ribosomes b) Pili c) Flagella d) Cell walls
b) Pili
Which functions of life are carried out by all unicellular organisms? a) Response, homeostasis, growth and photosynthesis b) Response, homeostasis, metabolism and growth c) Metabolism, ventilation, reproduction and nutrition d) Reproduction, ventilation, response and nutrition
b) Response, homeostasis, metabolism and growth
If cells of a multicellular organism have the same genes, how can there be many different cell types in a body? a) Cells lose some genes as development occurs b) Some genes but not others are expressed in each cell type c) Genes do not determine the structure of a cell d) Cells must practice division of labour in order to survive
b) Some genes but not others are expressed in each cell type
How are villi, alveoli, and nephrons similar? a)They have a role in excretion b) They provide large surface areas for molecular exchange c)They are internal organs d)They secrete hormones
b) They provide large surface areas for molecular exchange
What is an essential feature of the davson-danielli model of membrane structure? a) a phospholipid monolayer with intrinsic and extrinstic proteins b) a layer of protein sandwiched between two layers of lipid c) a phospholipid bilayer with intrinsic and extrinsic proteins d) a layer of lipid sandwiched between two layers of protein
b) a layer of protein sandwiched between two layers of lipid
What is the function of structure x? a) active transport b) attachment c) binary fission d) cell respiration
b) attachment
Which substance is used for structure in plants? a) amylopectin b) cellulose c) collagen d) starch
b) cellulose
Which molecule regulates the fluidity of cell membranes? a) phospholipid b) cholesterol c) glycoprotein d) peripheral protein
b) cholesterol
during cytokinesis, animal cells form a) cell plates b) cleavage furrows c) centromeres d) chromatids
b) cleavage furrows
what is this type of movement? a) simple diffusion b) facilitated diffusion c) osmosis d) active transport
b) facilitated diffusion
A sample of red blood cells were bathed in an unknown solution. When looking at these red blood cells under the microscope you see shriveled cells. This indicates that the unknown solution was a) you can not determine the solution with the information given b) hypertonic c) hypotonic d) isotonic
b) hypertonic
Which structure found in eukaryotes has a single membrane? a) nucleus b) lysosome c) chloroplast d) mitochondrion
b) lysosome
2 is pointing at which phase? a) prophase b) metaphase c) anaphase d) telophase
b) metaphase
chromosomes align at the middle of the cell during a) prophase b) metaphase c) anaphase d) telophase
b) metaphase
random changes to the sequence of genes are a) oncogenes b) mutations c) malignant d) cyclins
b) mutations
a cell with two identical nuclei was formed by a) not going through telophase b) not going through cytokinesis c) not going through metaphase d) not going through interphase
b) not going through cytokinesis
Where could genes be located in a prokaryotic cell? a) plasmids and ribosomes b) nucleoids and plasmids c) nucleoids and ribosomes d) nucleoids, plasmids, and ribosomes
b) nucleoids and plasmids
genes which control the cell cycle and cell division are a) cyclins b) oncogenes c) recessive gens d) dominant genes
b) oncogenes
What is a function of the plant cell wall? a) formation of vesicles for transport of large molecules b) prevention of excessive water uptake c) communication with other cells by means of glycoproteins d) active transport of ions
b) prevention of excessive water uptake
A tumor formed in a different location from the original is a) primary tumor b) secondary tumor c) tertiary tumor d) supportive tumor
b) secondary tumor
The salt concentration inside the Paramecium is 1.8%. The salt concentration in the surrounding medium suddenly drops to 0.2%. What will be the likely response? a) the cell will lose salt to the medium b) the contractile vacuole will expel more water c) the cell will swell and eventually burst d) the membrane will become more permeable to salt
b) the contractile vacuole will expel more water
Which features can be found within this cell and in a photosynthetic bacterium? a) chloroplasts b) multiple nuclei c) 70S ribosomes d) lysosomes
c) 70S ribosomes
The giant alga Acetabularia has a feature that suggests it is an exception to the cell theory. What feature is this? a) It lacks a cell wall b) It lacks a nucleus c) It lacks subdivision into separate cells d) It has only one mitochondrion
c) It lacks subdivision into separate cells
When compared to other body cells, which characteristic of stem cells is the most important for therapeutic uses? a) Lower rate of reproduction b) Less excretion c) Less differentiation d) Lower rate of metabolism
c) Less differentiation
When compared to other body cells, which characteristic of stem cells is the most important for therapeutic uses? a)Lower rate of reproduction b) Less excretion c) Less differentiation d) Lower rate of metabolism
c) Less differentiation
Which structures are found only in prokaryotic cells? a) Cell walls b) Ribosomes c) Pili d) Flagella
c) Pili
DNA replicates during a) G1 b) G2 c) S d) prophase
c) S
What is the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion? a) The rate of simple diffusion is slower than the rate of facilitated diffusion with the same concentration. b) Simple diffusion usually moves larger molecules while facilitated diffusion usually moves smaller molecules. c) Simple diffusion uses the phospholipid bilayer and facilitated diffusion uses the integral proteins. d) Simple diffusion involves the use of the plasma membrane and facilitative diffusion never involves the plasma membrane
c) Simple diffusion uses the phospholipid bilayer and facilitated diffusion uses the integral proteins.
If cells of a multicellular organism have the same genes, how can there be many different cell types in a body? a) Cells lose some genes as development occurs b) Genes do not determine the structure of a cell c) Some genes but not others are expressed in each cell type d) Cells must practice division of labour in order to survive
c) Some genes but not others are expressed in each cell type
Stargardt's disease, a genetic disorder that causes vision loss, is being treated using retinal cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Why are embryonic stem cells used? a) They are already specialized for this function b) They retain stem cell properties after specialization c) They are able to differentiate into the required cell type d) There are no ethical issues concerning their use
c) They are able to differentiate into the required cell type
Which feature of striated muscle cells allows them to be considered as a possible exception to the cell theory? a) They are found in multicellular organisms b) They do not carry out mitosis c) They contain more than one nucleus d) They are specialized for movement
c) They contain more than one nucleus
You go on vacation for 2 weeks and you forget to water your plant. Upon your return you find your plant flat on the ground and it looks "deflated". What has happened to your plant? a) Water left the cell and the cell size shrunk b) Water left the cell and the cell wall shrunk c) Water has left the cells and the cytoplasm shrunk d) Water entered the cell and the cell size stayed the same
c) Water has left the cells and the cytoplasm shrunk
The giant marine alga Halicystis ovals is able to move sodium ions from vacuoles to the surrounding seawater through active transport. Which condition or feature is required for this mode of transport? a) movement from a region of higher sodium concentration to a region of lower sodium concentration b) a partially permeable surface c) membrane fluidity d) transmembrane proteins
c) membrane fluidity
What is the structure labeled x in the electron micrograph of a rat liver cell? a) ribosome b) lysosome c) mitochondrion d) nucleus
c) mitochondrion
The number of cells in mitosis divided by the total number of cells determines the a) rate of the cell cycle b) length of interphase c) mitotic index d) length of mitosis
c) mitotic index
Correctly label the structures. a) secretory vesicles, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria b) mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicles c) secretory vesicles, rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria d) mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles
c) secretory vesicles, rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria
The cell model proposed by davson-danielli was a phospholipid bilayer sandwiched between two layers of globular protein. Which evidence led to the acceptance of the Singer-nicolson model? a) the orientation of the hydrophilic phospholipid heads towards the proteins b) the formation of a hydrophobic region on the surface of the membrane c) the placement of integral and peripheral proteins in the membrane d) the interactions due to amphipathic properties of phospholipids
c) the placement of integral and peripheral proteins in the membrane
What is the role of the vesicles shown in the micrograph? a) to transport hormones between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparaus b) to store glycogen when blood glucose levels are high c) to move enzymes out of the cell by exocytosis d) to digest cellulose
c) to move enzymes out of the cell by exocytosis
What happens to the cell surface area to volume ratio as a cell grows? a) It decreases, so production of waste material is reduced b) It increases, so osmosis is reduced c) It increases, so mineral ion absorption is increased d) It decreases, so rate of gas exchange is too low
d) It decreases, so rate of gas exchange is too low
Active transport does what? a) It moves water from an area of high concentration to low concentration b) It uses peripheral proteins. c) It doesn't require energy. d) It is carried out by proteins called protein pumps.
d) It is carried out by proteins called protein pumps.
Which functions of life are carried out by all unicellular organisms? a) Response, homeostasis, growth and photosynthesis b) Reproduction, ventilation, response and nutrition c) Metabolism, ventilation, reproduction and nutrition d) Response, homeostasis, metabolism and growth
d) Response, homeostasis, metabolism and growth
Which feature of striated muscle cells allows them to be considered as a possible exception to the cell theory? a) They are found in multicellular organisms b) They are specialized for movement c) They do not carry out mitosis d) They contain more than one nucleus
d) They contain more than one nucleus
What feature of both striated muscle and aseptate fungal hyphae is different from typical cell structure? a) They have plasmids b) They have a cell wall that is not made of cellulose c) They have an absence of cholesterol in the plasma membrane d) They have multiple nuclei within a structural unit
d) They have multiple nuclei within a structural unit
How are villi, alveoli, and nephrons similar? a) They have a role in excretion b) They are internal organs c) They secrete hormones d) They provide large surface areas for molecular exchange
d) They provide large surface areas for molecular exchange
What explains these concentrations? a) potassium ions diffuse in and sodium ions diffuse out b) sodium ions diffuse in and potassium ions diffuse out c) active transport pumps sodium ions in and potassium ions out d) active transport pumps sodium ions out and potassium ions in
d) active transport pumps sodium ions out and potassium ions in
Which molecule is labeled X? a) amylase b) glycoprotein c) phospholipid d) cholesterol
d) cholesterol
What structures are part of an Escherichia Coli cell? a) ribosomes, nucleoid, and Golgi apparatus b) ribosomes, mitochondria, and pili c) cell wall, plasma membrane, and nuclear membrane d) pili, flagella, and cytoplasm
d) pili, flagella, and cytoplasm
A botanist measures a leaf and finds it is 24 cm long and 8 cm wide. His drawing of the leaf is 4cm wide and. Which was the magnification and length of his drawing, assuming that the proportions of the drawing were correct? a) scale: x2 length (cm): 48 b) scale: x2 length (cm): 12 c) scale: x0.5 length (cm): 48 d) scale: x0.5 length (cm): 12
d) scale: x0.5 length (cm): 12
5 is pointing at which phase? a) prophase b) metaphase c) anaphase d) telophase
d) telophase
The salt concentration inside an animal cell is 1.8%. The salt concentration in the surrounding medium becomes 5%. What will be the likely response? a) the cell will gain water from the medium b) the cell will lose salt to the medium c) the cell will remain unchanged d) the cell will shrink from loss of water
d) the cell will shrink from loss of water
