unit 1 ap bio basic review practice question

The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are _____. phospholipids proteins triglycerides cholesterol

phospholipids

DNA carries the instructions for building _____, and these instructions are found in informational units called _____. steroids ... genes carbohydrates ... libraries polypeptides ... genes lipids ... libraries

polypeptides ... genes

Which of the following is a carboxyl group? -NH2 -OH -COOH -C-O

-COOH

What is the complementary sequence to the DNA strand TCGATGG? AGCTACC GGTAGCT TCGATGG AGCUACC

AGCTACC

The molecular formula of most monosaccharides represents a multiple of CHO2. CH3O. CH2O. CHO.

CH2O

A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture _____. DNA fatty acids proteins cellulose

DNA

Which of the following is an amino group? -CO -OH -NH2 -COOH

NH2

When you eat a plant, you derive energy from the stored __________, but not from the __________ component. cellulose ... chitin starch ... cellulose starch ... chitin glycogen ... cellulose

starch ... cellulose

Which of the following statements about the functional groups of organic compounds is false? Functional groups may help make organic compounds hydrophilic. Functional groups participate in chemical reactions. Many biological molecules have two or more functional groups. All functional groups include a carbon atom.

All functional groups include a carbon atom.

Which of the following molecules is a carbohydrate? C51H98O6 C22H49O10N5 C60H100O50 C45H84O8P4

C60H100O50

Which of the following statements regarding carbon is false? Carbon has a tendency to form covalent bonds. Carbon has the capacity to form single and double bonds. Carbon has the ability to bond together to form extensive branched or unbranched "carbon skeletons." Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms

Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms

Which of the following statements about carbon skeletons is true? Carbon skeletons only contain double bonds. Carbon skeletons may be arranged in rings. Carbon skeletons are always linear and never branched. The length of carbon skeletons is always the same; it is the attachments that differentiate molecules.

Carbon skeletons may be arranged in rings.

What feature of fats makes them hydrophobic? Fats include one glycerol molecule. Fats have nonpolar hydrocarbon chains. Fats have polar fatty acids. Fats have carboxyl groups.

Fats have nonpolar hydrocarbon chains.

Which of the following statements about hydrocarbons is false? Hydrocarbons are inorganic compounds. Hydrocarbons can form straight, branched, or ringed structures. Hydrocarbons consist of atoms linked by single or double bonds. Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Hydrocarbons are inorganic compounds.

Generally, animals cannot digest the linkages between the glucose molecules in cellulose. How then do cows get enough nutrients from eating grass? Microorganisms in their digestive tracts hydrolyze the cellulose to glucose. Cows make an enzyme in their saliva that hydrolyzes cellulose. Cows and other herbivores are exceptions and make some cellulose-digesting enzymes in their digestive tracts. They have to eat a lot of grass.

Microorganisms in their digestive tracts hydrolyze the cellulose to glucose.

Which of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false? Cells typically make all of their macromolecules from a set of 40-50 common monomers and a few other ingredients that are rare. Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis. Monomers serve as building blocks for polymers. The monomers used to make polymers are essentially universal

Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis.

Which statement correctly describes bonds of the secondary structure of proteins? Disulfide bridges form at the secondary level. Secondary structure involves the association of polypeptide chains, or subunits. Secondary structure involves hydrogen bonding between atoms of the polypeptide backbone. Secondary structure involves bonding between atoms of the R groups of the amino acid subunits.

Secondary structure involves hydrogen bonding between atoms of the polypeptide backbone.

How are genes used by cells to build proteins? DNA is transcribed into an amino acid sequence. The genes in RNA direct the synthesis of proteins directly. The genes in RNA direct the synthesis of a DNA molecule, which is used to build a protein. The genes in DNA direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule, which is used to build a protein.

The genes in DNA direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule, which is used to build a protein.

Two proteins have the same number and type of amino acids. How is it that they can have different shapes and therefore different functions? The proteins were made at different times within the cell. The proteins were made in different locations in the cell. The order in which the amino acids are arranged differs between the two proteins. The proteins have been chemically modified.

The order in which the amino acids are arranged differs between the two proteins.

Your first big biology exam is coming up in a few days, and in order to prepare for late-night study sessions, you buy a box of Yummies, a delicious type of snack cake. After checking out the nutrition facts label on the side of the box, you discover that a single Yummie cake contains 4.5 grams of total fat, 27 grams of carbohydrate, 0 grams of fiber, and 1 gram of protein. The pH of the stomach is extremely acidic (~ pH 2). If you ate a Yummie cake, what do you think would happen to the protein that you ingested as it passes through the stomach? After reading the paragraph below, answer the question that follows. The protein would speed up digestion because it is an enzyme. The protein would get broken down via dehydration reactions. The protein would become denatured due to the acidic environment.

The protein would become denatured due to the acidic environment.

Lactose is a disaccharide (two monosaccharides joined together). To metabolize lactose, individuals require an enzyme known as lactase. What is true about this reaction? The reaction hydrolyzes the sugar. The reaction causes reactants to be formed. The reaction dehydrates the sugar. The reaction causes bloating in individuals who have the enzyme.

The reaction hydrolyzes the sugar.

An oil may be converted into a substance that is solid at room temperature by cooling it, so that double bonds form and the fats solidify. removing water, causing a dehydration synthesis reaction to occur. adding hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the molecules. removing hydrogens, increasing the number of double bonds in the molecules.

adding hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the molecules.

Although the structures of the functional groups important to life (hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, and phosphate) vary in chemical structure, they share one thing in common: They _____. all contain oxygen all have at least one double bond cause the carbon to which they are attached to become an asymmetric carbon, and they convert the molecule to an isomer all are hydrophilic and increase the organic compound's water solubility

all are hydrophilic and increase the organic compound's water solubilit

Organic compounds are synthesized only by animal cells. always contain nitrogen. always contain oxygen. always contain carbon.

always contain carbon.

Lipids differ from other large biological molecules in that they _____. do not have specific shapes do not contain carbon are not truly polymers are much larger

are not truly polymers

Carbohydrates are mainly used in our bodies _____. as structural molecules, such as hair and fingernails as fuel for membrane construction for building genetic material

as fuel

Which element is closely associated with the field of organic chemistry? sulfur potassium nitrogen carbon

carbon

Which of the following foods would contain the most starch? carrots steak liver celery

carrots

A hydroxyl group is characteristic of alcohols. characteristic of proteins. also called a carbonyl group. composed of two oxygen atoms.

characteristic of alcohols.

DNA differs from RNA because DNA contains thymine in place of uracil. contains phosphate groups not found in RNA. contains the sugar ribose rather than the sugar deoxyribose. consists of a single rather than a double polynucleotide strand.

contains thymine in place of uracil.

A DNA nucleotide is composed of a __________. deoxyribose sugar, which is attached to a phosphate group, which is bonded to a nitrogenous base deoxyribose sugar, which is bonded to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base ribose sugar, which is attached to a phosphate group, which is bonded to a nitrogenous base ribose sugar, which is bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

deoxyribose sugar, which is bonded to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

The storage form of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and ________ in plants. glycogen; cellulose glycogen; starch starch; glycogen cellulose; glycogen

glycogen; starch

The results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by condensation. hydrolysis. polymerization. the addition of an amino group.

hydrolysis.

The oil and vinegar in your salad dressing remain separate from one another due to the _____ properties of the oil. hydrophilic hydrogenated saturated hydrophobic

hydrophobic

Fatty acids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. hydrophobic. composed of four linked rings. composed of carbon, hydrogen, glycerol, and a phosphate group.

hydrophobic.

Dehydration reactions __________. They do so by __________. remove monomers from polymers; adding a water molecule remove monomers from polymers; removing a water molecule link monomers to form a polymer; adding a water molecule link monomers to form a polymer; removing a water molecule

link monomers to form a polymer; removing a water molecule

Cholesterol belongs to which class of molecules? lipids carbohydrates proteins amino acids

lipids

Cellulose differs from starch in that starch is formed by plants and cellulose by animals. most animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested. cellulose is highly branched, whereas starch is unbranched. starch is made of glucose monomers, whereas cellulose is made of fructose monomers

most animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested.

Double bonds are present in the majority of the fats of which of the following foods? peanuts lard eggs margarine

peanuts

Which of the following sugars CAN be accurately represented by the formula C6H12O6? possibly glucose, fructose, or lactose fructose glucose possibly glucose or fructose

possibly glucose or fructose

A protein containing more than one polypeptide chain exhibits the ________ level of protein structure. primary structure primary and secondary structure primary, secondary, and tertiary structure primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure

primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure

High-fructose corn syrup is made from corn. The main carbohydrate in corn is a polysaccharide called starch. hydrocarbon. fructose. cellulose.

starch

The production of high fructose corn syrup involves the hydrolysis of __________ from corn into __________, followed by its enzymatic conversion. glucose ... sucrose sucrose ... glucose starch ... glucose starch ... sucrose

starch ... glucose

Which of the following would be affected when a protein is denatured? amino groups tertiary structure side chains primary structure

tertiary structure

The primary structure of a protein is composed of two or more polypeptide chains. the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain. maintained by hydrogen bonds. an alpha helix or a pleated sheet.

the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain.

The tertiary structure of a polypeptide refers to the amino acids of which it is made. the overall three-dimensional structure. the presence of pleated sheets. its size.

the overall three-dimensional structure.

What is the general function of enzymes within a cell? to promote the synthesis of monomers to stop chemical reactions to speed up chemical reactions to induce chemical reactions

to speed up chemical reactions

A disaccharide forms when two starches join by dehydration synthesis. two monosaccharides join by hydrolysis. two starches join by hydrolysis. two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis.

two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis.

A fatty acid containing at least one double bond is called _____. hydrophilic cholesterol saturated unsaturated

unsaturated

When an RNA strand forms using DNA as a template, _____. guanine pairs with adenine and thymine pairs with uracil uracil pairs with adenine and cytosine pairs with guanine adenine pairs with cytosine and guanine pairs with thymine thymine pairs with cytosine and adenine pairs with guanine

uracil pairs with adenine and cytosine pairs with guanine